diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index bb07c3c7dfb..b24ffd449bb 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -115,3 +115,7 @@
 - Fixed a bug where renaming would not work properly if there was an error in
   target file.
   ([Surya Rose](https://github.com/GearsDatapacks))
+
+- Fixed a bug where referencing a constant record inside a case branch matching
+  on that constant would generate invalid code on the Erlang target.
+  ([Igor Castejón](https://github.com/IgorCastejon))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
index 13a58dc01d9..d9d5380e531 100644
--- a/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
+++ b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
@@ -131,3 +131,93 @@ pub fn main(x) {
 "#,
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch() {
+    assert_erl!(
+        r#"
+pub type User {
+  User(name: String, age: Int)
+  Guest
+}
+
+pub fn main() {
+  let user = User("Gleam", 42)
+  
+  case user {
+    User(..) -> user.name
+    Guest -> "Guest"
+  }
+}
+"#
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const() {
+    assert_erl!(
+        r#"
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  echo wibble
+  // This 'wibble' shadows the const
+  let wibble = Wobble(42)
+  case wibble {
+    // This matches the local variable, not the const
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+  }
+}
+"#
+    )
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/issues/5261
+#[test]
+fn case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence()
+ {
+    assert_erl!(
+        r#"
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+    wobble -> wibble
+  }
+}
+"#
+    );
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/issues/5261
+#[test]
+fn const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch() {
+    assert_erl!(
+        r#"
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wobble(42)
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wibble -> 24
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble.int
+  }
+}
+"#
+    )
+}
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence.snap b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1458492ef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type Wibble {\n  Wibble\n  Wobble(int: Int)\n}\n\nconst wibble = Wibble\n\npub fn main() {\n  case wibble {\n    Wobble(_) -> wibble\n    wobble -> wibble\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+    wobble -> wibble
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED ERLANG
+-module(my@mod).
+-compile([no_auto_import, nowarn_unused_vars, nowarn_unused_function, nowarn_nomatch, inline]).
+-define(FILEPATH, "project/test/my/mod.gleam").
+-export([main/0]).
+-export_type([wibble/0]).
+
+-type wibble() :: wibble | {wobble, integer()}.
+
+-file("project/test/my/mod.gleam", 9).
+-spec main() -> wibble().
+main() ->
+    case wibble of
+        {wobble, _} ->
+            wibble;
+
+        Wobble ->
+            wibble
+    end.
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94cd5a0f42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type Wibble {\n  Wibble\n  Wobble(int: Int)\n}\n\nconst wibble = Wobble(42)\n\npub fn main() {\n  case wibble {\n    Wibble -> 24\n    Wobble(_) -> wibble.int\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wobble(42)
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wibble -> 24
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble.int
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED ERLANG
+-module(my@mod).
+-compile([no_auto_import, nowarn_unused_vars, nowarn_unused_function, nowarn_nomatch, inline]).
+-define(FILEPATH, "project/test/my/mod.gleam").
+-export([main/0]).
+-export_type([wibble/0]).
+
+-type wibble() :: wibble | {wobble, integer()}.
+
+-file("project/test/my/mod.gleam", 9).
+-spec main() -> integer().
+main() ->
+    case {wobble, 42} of
+        wibble ->
+            24;
+
+        {wobble, _} ->
+            erlang:element(2, {wobble, 42})
+    end.
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const.snap b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b9eb7310c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type Wibble {\n  Wibble\n  Wobble(int: Int)\n}\n\nconst wibble = Wibble\n\npub fn main() {\n  echo wibble\n  // This 'wibble' shadows the const\n  let wibble = Wobble(42)\n  case wibble {\n    // This matches the local variable, not the const\n    Wobble(_) -> wibble\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  echo wibble
+  // This 'wibble' shadows the const
+  let wibble = Wobble(42)
+  case wibble {
+    // This matches the local variable, not the const
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED ERLANG
+-module(my@mod).
+-compile([no_auto_import, nowarn_unused_vars, nowarn_unused_function, nowarn_nomatch, inline]).
+-define(FILEPATH, "project/test/my/mod.gleam").
+-export([main/0]).
+-export_type([wibble/0]).
+
+-type wibble() :: wibble | {wobble, integer()}.
+
+-file("project/test/my/mod.gleam", 9).
+-spec main() -> wibble().
+main() ->
+    echo(wibble, nil, 10),
+    Wibble = {wobble, 42},
+    case Wibble of
+        {wobble, _} ->
+            Wibble
+    end.
+
+% ...omitted code from `templates/echo.erl`...
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba6ab41c7ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__erlang__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/erlang/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type User {\n  User(name: String, age: Int)\n  Guest\n}\n\npub fn main() {\n  let user = User(\"Gleam\", 42)\n  \n  case user {\n    User(..) -> user.name\n    Guest -> \"Guest\"\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type User {
+  User(name: String, age: Int)
+  Guest
+}
+
+pub fn main() {
+  let user = User("Gleam", 42)
+  
+  case user {
+    User(..) -> user.name
+    Guest -> "Guest"
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED ERLANG
+-module(my@mod).
+-compile([no_auto_import, nowarn_unused_vars, nowarn_unused_function, nowarn_nomatch, inline]).
+-define(FILEPATH, "project/test/my/mod.gleam").
+-export([main/0]).
+-export_type([user/0]).
+
+-type user() :: {user, binary(), integer()} | guest.
+
+-file("project/test/my/mod.gleam", 7).
+-spec main() -> binary().
+main() ->
+    User = {user, <<"Gleam"/utf8>>, 42},
+    case User of
+        {user, _, _} ->
+            erlang:element(2, User);
+
+        guest ->
+            <<"Guest"/utf8>>
+    end.
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
index 1cfdb47b3fd..4ceaa4927f2 100644
--- a/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
+++ b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
@@ -887,3 +887,93 @@ pub fn main() {
 "#
     )
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch() {
+    assert_js!(
+        r#"
+pub type User {
+  User(name: String, age: Int)
+  Guest
+}
+
+pub fn main() {
+  let user = User("Gleam", 42)
+  
+  case user {
+    User(..) -> user.name
+    Guest -> "Guest"
+  }
+}
+"#
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const() {
+    assert_js!(
+        r#"
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  echo wibble
+  // This 'wibble' shadows the const
+  let wibble = Wobble(42)
+  case wibble {
+    // This matches the local variable, not the const
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+  }
+}
+"#
+    )
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/issues/5261
+#[test]
+fn case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence()
+ {
+    assert_js!(
+        r#"
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+    wobble -> wibble
+  }
+}
+"#
+    );
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/issues/5261
+#[test]
+fn const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch() {
+    assert_js!(
+        r#"
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wobble(42)
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wibble -> 24
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble.int
+  }
+}
+"#
+    )
+}
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence.snap b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7021bc88a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__case_with_record_const_as_subject_with_record_constructor_clause_and_referencing_same_const_inside_clause_consequence.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type Wibble {\n  Wibble\n  Wobble(int: Int)\n}\n\nconst wibble = Wibble\n\npub fn main() {\n  case wibble {\n    Wobble(_) -> wibble\n    wobble -> wibble\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+    wobble -> wibble
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED JAVASCRIPT
+import { CustomType as $CustomType } from "../gleam.mjs";
+
+export class Wibble extends $CustomType {}
+export const Wibble$Wibble = () => new Wibble();
+export const Wibble$isWibble = (value) => value instanceof Wibble;
+
+export class Wobble extends $CustomType {
+  constructor(int) {
+    super();
+    this.int = int;
+  }
+}
+export const Wibble$Wobble = (int) => new Wobble(int);
+export const Wibble$isWobble = (value) => value instanceof Wobble;
+export const Wibble$Wobble$int = (value) => value.int;
+export const Wibble$Wobble$0 = (value) => value.int;
+
+const wibble = /* @__PURE__ */ new Wibble();
+
+export function main() {
+  let $ = wibble;
+  if ($ instanceof Wobble) {
+    return wibble;
+  } else {
+    let wobble = $;
+    return wibble;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a758444bc61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__const_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type Wibble {\n  Wibble\n  Wobble(int: Int)\n}\n\nconst wibble = Wobble(42)\n\npub fn main() {\n  case wibble {\n    Wibble -> 24\n    Wobble(_) -> wibble.int\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wobble(42)
+
+pub fn main() {
+  case wibble {
+    Wibble -> 24
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble.int
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED JAVASCRIPT
+import { CustomType as $CustomType } from "../gleam.mjs";
+
+export class Wibble extends $CustomType {}
+export const Wibble$Wibble = () => new Wibble();
+export const Wibble$isWibble = (value) => value instanceof Wibble;
+
+export class Wobble extends $CustomType {
+  constructor(int) {
+    super();
+    this.int = int;
+  }
+}
+export const Wibble$Wobble = (int) => new Wobble(int);
+export const Wibble$isWobble = (value) => value instanceof Wobble;
+export const Wibble$Wobble$int = (value) => value.int;
+export const Wibble$Wobble$0 = (value) => value.int;
+
+const wibble = /* @__PURE__ */ new Wobble(42);
+
+export function main() {
+  let $ = wibble;
+  if ($ instanceof Wibble) {
+    return 24;
+  } else {
+    return wibble.int;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const.snap b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..34e994d2cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_shadows_const.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type Wibble {\n  Wibble\n  Wobble(int: Int)\n}\n\nconst wibble = Wibble\n\npub fn main() {\n  echo wibble\n  // This 'wibble' shadows the const\n  let wibble = Wobble(42)\n  case wibble {\n    // This matches the local variable, not the const\n    Wobble(_) -> wibble\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type Wibble {
+  Wibble
+  Wobble(int: Int)
+}
+
+const wibble = Wibble
+
+pub fn main() {
+  echo wibble
+  // This 'wibble' shadows the const
+  let wibble = Wobble(42)
+  case wibble {
+    // This matches the local variable, not the const
+    Wobble(_) -> wibble
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED JAVASCRIPT
+import * as $stdlib$dict from "../../gleam_stdlib/gleam/dict.mjs";
+import {
+  Empty as $Empty,
+  NonEmpty as $NonEmpty,
+  CustomType as $CustomType,
+  bitArraySlice,
+  bitArraySliceToInt,
+  BitArray as $BitArray,
+  List as $List,
+  UtfCodepoint as $UtfCodepoint,
+} from "../gleam.mjs";
+
+export class Wibble extends $CustomType {}
+export const Wibble$Wibble = () => new Wibble();
+export const Wibble$isWibble = (value) => value instanceof Wibble;
+
+export class Wobble extends $CustomType {
+  constructor(int) {
+    super();
+    this.int = int;
+  }
+}
+export const Wibble$Wobble = (int) => new Wobble(int);
+export const Wibble$isWobble = (value) => value instanceof Wobble;
+export const Wibble$Wobble$int = (value) => value.int;
+export const Wibble$Wobble$0 = (value) => value.int;
+
+const wibble = /* @__PURE__ */ new Wibble();
+
+export function main() {
+  echo(wibble, undefined, "src/module.gleam", 10);
+  let wibble$1 = new Wobble(42);
+  return wibble$1;
+}
+
+// ...omitted code from `templates/echo.mjs`...
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0fc81971882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/snapshots/gleam_core__javascript__tests__case__local_variable_as_case_subject_with_type_refinement_allows_field_access_inside_branch.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+source: compiler-core/src/javascript/tests/case.rs
+expression: "\npub type User {\n  User(name: String, age: Int)\n  Guest\n}\n\npub fn main() {\n  let user = User(\"Gleam\", 42)\n  \n  case user {\n    User(..) -> user.name\n    Guest -> \"Guest\"\n  }\n}\n"
+---
+----- SOURCE CODE
+
+pub type User {
+  User(name: String, age: Int)
+  Guest
+}
+
+pub fn main() {
+  let user = User("Gleam", 42)
+  
+  case user {
+    User(..) -> user.name
+    Guest -> "Guest"
+  }
+}
+
+
+----- COMPILED JAVASCRIPT
+import { CustomType as $CustomType } from "../gleam.mjs";
+
+export class User extends $CustomType {
+  constructor(name, age) {
+    super();
+    this.name = name;
+    this.age = age;
+  }
+}
+export const User$User = (name, age) => new User(name, age);
+export const User$isUser = (value) => value instanceof User;
+export const User$User$name = (value) => value.name;
+export const User$User$0 = (value) => value.name;
+export const User$User$age = (value) => value.age;
+export const User$User$1 = (value) => value.age;
+
+export class Guest extends $CustomType {}
+export const User$Guest = () => new Guest();
+export const User$isGuest = (value) => value instanceof Guest;
+
+export function main() {
+  let user = new User("Gleam", 42);
+  return user.name;
+}
diff --git a/compiler-core/src/type_/pattern.rs b/compiler-core/src/type_/pattern.rs
index 1647c7e5d6b..800bd993b18 100644
--- a/compiler-core/src/type_/pattern.rs
+++ b/compiler-core/src/type_/pattern.rs
@@ -215,20 +215,27 @@ impl<'a, 'b> PatternTyper<'a, 'b> {
                     .inferred_variant_variables
                     .insert(name.clone(), variant_index);
 
-                let origin = match &variable.variant {
-                    ValueConstructorVariant::LocalVariable { origin, .. } => origin.clone(),
-                    ValueConstructorVariant::ModuleConstant { .. }
-                    | ValueConstructorVariant::ModuleFn { .. }
-                    | ValueConstructorVariant::Record { .. } => VariableOrigin::generated(),
-                };
-
-                // This variable is only inferred in this branch of the case expression
-                self.environment.insert_local_variable(
-                    name.clone(),
-                    variable.definition_location().span,
-                    origin,
-                    type_,
-                );
+                match &variable.variant {
+                    ValueConstructorVariant::LocalVariable { origin, .. } => {
+                        // This variable is only inferred in this branch of the case expression
+                        self.environment.insert_local_variable(
+                            name.clone(),
+                            variable.definition_location().span,
+                            origin.clone(),
+                            type_,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    ValueConstructorVariant::ModuleConstant { .. } => {
+                        // If the variable is a constant we shadow it with the refined type.
+                        // We cannot convert it to a local variable as that would cause the
+                        // code generator to look for a runtime variable that doesn't exist.
+                        let mut refined_constant = variable.clone();
+                        refined_constant.type_ = type_;
+                        let _ = self.environment.scope.insert(name, refined_constant);
+                    }
+                    ValueConstructorVariant::ModuleFn { .. }
+                    | ValueConstructorVariant::Record { .. } => {}
+                }
             }
 
             PatternMode::Alternative(_) => {