functional.cpp

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <c10/util/irange.h>
#include <torch/torch.h>

#include <test/cpp/api/support.h>

namespace F = torch::nn::functional;

using namespace torch::nn;

struct FunctionalTest : torch::test::SeedingFixture {};

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Conv1d) {
  auto x = torch::arange(30, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
               .reshape({2, 3, 5});
  auto weight =
      torch::arange(18, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
          .reshape({2, 3, 3});
  auto y = F::conv1d(x, weight, F::Conv1dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{312., 348., 384.}, {798., 915., 1032.}},

       {{852., 888., 924.}, {2553., 2670., 2787.}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv1d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Conv2dEven) {
  auto x = torch::arange(75, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
               .reshape({1, 3, 5, 5});
  auto weight =
      torch::arange(54, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
          .reshape({2, 3, 3, 3});
  auto y = F::conv2d(x, weight, F::Conv2dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{15219., 15570., 15921.},
         {16974., 17325., 17676.},
         {18729., 19080., 19431.}},

        {{37818., 38898., 39978.},
         {43218., 44298., 45378.},
         {48618., 49698., 50778.}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv2d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Conv2dUneven) {
  auto x = torch::arange(60, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
               .reshape({1, 3, 5, 4});
  auto weight =
      torch::arange(36, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
          .reshape({2, 3, 3, 2});
  auto y = F::conv2d(x, weight, F::Conv2dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{5289., 5442., 5595.}, {5901., 6054., 6207.}, {6513., 6666., 6819.}},

        {{13227., 13704., 14181.},
         {15135., 15612., 16089.},
         {17043., 17520., 17997.}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv2d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Conv3d) {
  auto x = torch::arange(375, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
               .reshape({1, 3, 5, 5, 5});
  auto weight =
      torch::arange(162, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true))
          .reshape({2, 3, 3, 3, 3});
  auto y = F::conv3d(x, weight, F::Conv3dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{{700704., 703944., 707184.},
          {716904., 720144., 723384.},
          {733104., 736344., 739584.}},

         {{781704., 784944., 788184.},
          {797904., 801144., 804384.},
          {814104., 817344., 820584.}},

         {{862704., 865944., 869184.},
          {878904., 882144., 885384.},
          {895104., 898344., 901584.}}},

        {{{1724220., 1734021., 1743822.},
          {1773225., 1783026., 1792827.},
          {1822230., 1832031., 1841832.}},

         {{1969245., 1979046., 1988847.},
          {2018250., 2028051., 2037852.},
          {2067255., 2077056., 2086857.}},

         {{2214270., 2224071., 2233872.},
          {2263275., 2273076., 2282877.},
          {2312280., 2322081., 2331882.}}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv3d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxPool1d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 5});
  auto y = F::max_pool1d(x, F::MaxPool1dFuncOptions(3).stride(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({1, 1, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxPool2d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::max_pool2d(x, F::MaxPool2dFuncOptions(3).stride(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxPool2dBackward) {
  auto input = torch::rand(
      {1, 2, 4, 4}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto output = F::max_pool2d(input, F::MaxPool2dFuncOptions(2));
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxPool3d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::max_pool3d(x, F::MaxPool3dFuncOptions(3).stride(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AvgPool1d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 5});
  auto y = F::avg_pool1d(x, F::AvgPool1dFuncOptions(3).stride(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({1, 1, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AvgPool2d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::avg_pool2d(x, F::AvgPool2dFuncOptions(3).stride(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AvgPool3d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::avg_pool3d(x, F::AvgPool3dFuncOptions(3).stride(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, FractionalMaxPool2d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::fractional_max_pool2d(
      x, F::FractionalMaxPool2dFuncOptions(3).output_size(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2}));

  auto y_with_indices = F::fractional_max_pool2d_with_indices(
      x, F::FractionalMaxPool2dFuncOptions(3).output_size(2));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::equal(y, std::get<0>(y_with_indices)));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      std::get<1>(y_with_indices),
      torch::tensor({{{0, 2}, {10, 12}}, {{0, 2}, {10, 12}}})));
  ASSERT_EQ(
      std::get<1>(y_with_indices).sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2}));

  auto x1 = torch::ones({2, 2, 5, 5});
  auto y1 = F::fractional_max_pool2d(
      x1, F::FractionalMaxPool2dFuncOptions(3).output_size(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y1.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y1, torch::ones({2, 2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y1.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2, 2}));

  auto y1_with_indices = F::fractional_max_pool2d_with_indices(
      x1, F::FractionalMaxPool2dFuncOptions(3).output_size(2));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::equal(y1, std::get<0>(y1_with_indices)));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      std::get<1>(y1_with_indices),
      torch::tensor(
          {{{{0, 2}, {10, 12}}, {{0, 2}, {10, 12}}},
           {{{0, 2}, {10, 12}}, {{0, 2}, {10, 12}}}})));
  ASSERT_EQ(
      std::get<1>(y1_with_indices).sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, FractionalMaxPool3d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::fractional_max_pool3d(
      x, F::FractionalMaxPool3dFuncOptions(3).output_size(2));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 2, 2, 2})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2, 2}));

  auto y_with_indices = F::fractional_max_pool3d_with_indices(
      x, F::FractionalMaxPool3dFuncOptions(3).output_size(2));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::equal(y, std::get<0>(y_with_indices)));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      std::get<1>(y_with_indices),
      torch::tensor(
          {{{{0, 2}, {10, 12}}, {{50, 52}, {60, 62}}},
           {{{0, 2}, {10, 12}}, {{50, 52}, {60, 62}}}})));
  ASSERT_EQ(
      std::get<1>(y_with_indices).sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 2, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LPPool1d) {
  int norm_type = 2;
  int stride = 2;
  int kernel_size = 3;

  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 5});
  auto y = F::lp_pool1d(
      x, F::LPPool1dFuncOptions(norm_type, kernel_size).stride(stride));
  auto expected =
      (torch::pow(torch::tensor({{{1, 1}}}, torch::kFloat), norm_type) *
       kernel_size)
          .pow(1. / norm_type);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({1, 1, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LPPool2d) {
  int norm_type = 2;
  int stride = 2;
  std::vector<int64_t> kernel_size({2, 3});

  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 2, 5});
  auto y = F::lp_pool2d(
      x, F::LPPool2dFuncOptions(norm_type, kernel_size).stride(stride));
  auto expected =
      (torch::pow(torch::tensor({{{{1, 1}}}}, torch::kFloat), norm_type) *
       (kernel_size[0] * kernel_size[1]))
          .pow(1. / norm_type);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({1, 1, 1, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LPPool3d) {
  int norm_type = 2;
  int stride = 2;
  std::vector<int64_t> kernel_size({1, 2, 3});

  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 1, 2, 5});
  auto y = F::lp_pool3d(
      x, F::LPPool3dFuncOptions(norm_type, kernel_size).stride(stride));
  auto expected =
      (torch::pow(torch::tensor({{{{{1, 1}}}}}, torch::kFloat), norm_type) *
       (kernel_size[0] * kernel_size[1] * kernel_size[2]))
          .pow(1. / norm_type);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 5);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({1, 1, 1, 1, 2}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, CosineSimilarity) {
  auto input1 = torch::tensor({{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto input2 = torch::tensor({{1, 8, 3}, {2, 1, 6}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::cosine_similarity(
      input1, input2, F::CosineSimilarityFuncOptions().dim(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.8078, 0.8721}, torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SmoothL1LossDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.2, 4.7}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::smooth_l1_loss(input, target);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(0.0233335, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SmoothL1LossBeta) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.5, 10.0}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output =
      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,bugprone-argument-comment)
      F::smooth_l1_loss(
          input, target, /*reduction=*/torch::kMean, /*beta=*/0.5);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(1.67, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SmoothL1LossBetaOptions) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.5, 10.0}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output =
      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers)
      F::smooth_l1_loss(
          input,
          target,
          F::SmoothL1LossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kMean).beta(0.5));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(1.67, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SmoothL1LossNoReduction) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.2, 4.7}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output =
      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
      F::smooth_l1_loss(input, target, /*reduction=*/torch::kNone);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.005, 0.02, 0.045}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, HuberLossDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.2, 4.7}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::huber_loss(input, target);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(0.0233335, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, HuberLossDelta) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.5, 10.0}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto options = F::HuberLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kMean).delta(0.5);
  auto output = F::huber_loss(input, target, options);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(1.67 * 0.5, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, HuberLossNoReduction) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {0.1, 1.2, 4.7}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1., 5.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto options = F::HuberLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kNone);
  auto output = F::huber_loss(input, target, options);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.005, 0.02, 0.045}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(input.sizes() == input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SoftMarginLossDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {2., 4., 1., 3.}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({-1., 1., 1., -1.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::soft_margin_loss(input, target);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({1.3767317}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MultiLabelSoftMarginLossDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {{0., 2., 2., 0.}, {2., 1., 0., 1.}},
      torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target =
      torch::tensor({{0., 0., 1., 0.}, {1., 0., 1., 1.}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::multilabel_soft_margin_loss(input, target);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.7608436}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SoftMarginLossNoReduction) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {2., 4., 1., 3.}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({-1., 1., 1., -1.}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::soft_margin_loss(input, target, torch::kNone);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {2.1269281, 0.01814993, 0.3132617, 3.0485873}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MultiLabelSoftMarginLossWeightedNoReduction) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {{0., 2., 2., 0.}, {2., 1., 0., 1.}},
      torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target =
      torch::tensor({{0., 0., 1., 0.}, {1., 0., 1., 1.}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto weight = torch::tensor({0.1, 0.6, 0.4, 0.8}, torch::kFloat);
  auto options = F::MultilabelSoftMarginLossFuncOptions()
                     .reduction(torch::kNone)
                     .weight(weight);
  auto output = F::multilabel_soft_margin_loss(input, target, options);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.4876902, 0.3321295}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, PairwiseDistance) {
  auto input1 = torch::tensor({{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto input2 = torch::tensor({{1, 8, 3}, {2, 1, 6}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::pairwise_distance(
      input1, input2, F::PairwiseDistanceFuncOptions().p(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor({6, 6}, torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, PDist) {
  {
    auto input = torch::tensor({{-1.0, -5.0, -1.0}, {2.0, 4.0, 6.0}});
    auto output = F::pdist(input);
    auto expected = torch::tensor({11.7898});
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
  {
    auto input = torch::tensor({{1.0, -1.0}, {1.0, 3.0}, {3.0, 3.0}});
    auto output = F::pdist(input, 1.5);
    auto expected = torch::tensor({4.0, 4.8945, 2.0});
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AdaptiveMaxPool1d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 5});
  auto y = F::adaptive_max_pool1d(x, F::AdaptiveMaxPool1dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({1, 1, 3})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AdaptiveMaxPool2d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::adaptive_max_pool2d(x, F::AdaptiveMaxPool2dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 3, 3})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 3, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AdaptiveMaxPool3d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::adaptive_max_pool3d(x, F::AdaptiveMaxPool3dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 3, 3, 3})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 3, 3, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AdaptiveAvgPool1d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({1, 1, 5});
  auto y = F::adaptive_avg_pool1d(x, F::AdaptiveAvgPool1dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({1, 1, 3})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AdaptiveAvgPool2d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, F::AdaptiveAvgPool2dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 3, 3})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 3, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AdaptiveAvgPool3d) {
  auto x = torch::ones({2, 5, 5, 5});
  auto y = F::adaptive_avg_pool3d(x, F::AdaptiveAvgPool3dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, torch::ones({2, 3, 3, 3})));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 3, 3, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, L1Loss) {
  auto input = torch::randn({5, 6}, torch::requires_grad());
  auto target = torch::empty({5, 6}).random_(2);
  auto output = F::l1_loss(torch::sigmoid(input), target);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef());
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MSELoss) {
  auto input = torch::randn({5, 6}, torch::requires_grad());
  auto target = torch::empty({5, 6}).random_(2);
  auto output = F::mse_loss(torch::sigmoid(input), target);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef());
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BCELoss) {
  auto input = torch::randn({5, 6}, torch::requires_grad());
  auto target = torch::empty({5, 6}).random_(2);
  auto output = F::binary_cross_entropy(torch::sigmoid(input), target);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef());
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, KLDivLoss) {
  KLDivLoss loss;
  auto input = torch::randn({5, 6}, torch::requires_grad());
  auto target = torch::empty({5, 6}).random_(2);
  auto output = F::kl_div(torch::sigmoid(input), target);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef());
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, HingeEmbeddingLoss) {
  auto input = torch::tensor({{2, 22, 4}, {20, 10, 0}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto target = torch::tensor({{2, 6, 4}, {1, 10, 0}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::hinge_embedding_loss(
      input, target, F::HingeEmbeddingLossFuncOptions().margin(2));
  auto expected = torch::tensor({10}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, GridSample) {
  auto input =
      torch::arange(9, torch::kFloat).view(std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 3, 3}));
  auto grid = torch::tensor(
      {{{{-2., -1.}, {-1., -1.}, {0., -1.}},
        {{-1., 0.}, {0., 0.}, {1., 0.}},
        {{0., 1.}, {1., 1.}, {2., 1.}}}},
      torch::kFloat);

  // bilinear, zeros, true
  auto options = F::GridSampleFuncOptions()
                     .mode(torch::kBilinear)
                     .padding_mode(torch::kZeros)
                     .align_corners(true);
  auto output = F::grid_sample(input, grid, options);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{0., 0., 1.}, {3., 4., 5.}, {7., 8., 0.}}}}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));

  // bilinear, zeros, false
  options = F::GridSampleFuncOptions()
                .mode(torch::kBilinear)
                .padding_mode(torch::kZeros)
                .align_corners(false);
  output = F::grid_sample(input, grid, options);
  expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{0., 0., 0.5}, {1.5, 4., 2.5}, {3.5, 2., 0.}}}}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));

  // default options (bilinear, zeros, false) same result as above
  output = F::grid_sample(input, grid);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));

  // nearest, zeros, true
  options = F::GridSampleFuncOptions()
                .mode(torch::kNearest)
                .padding_mode(torch::kZeros)
                .align_corners(true);
  output = F::grid_sample(input, grid, options);
  expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{0., 0., 1.}, {3., 4., 5.}, {7., 8., 0.}}}}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));

  // bicubic, zeros, true
  options = F::GridSampleFuncOptions()
                .mode(torch::kBicubic)
                .padding_mode(torch::kZeros)
                .align_corners(true);
  output = F::grid_sample(input, grid, options);
  expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{0., 0., 1.}, {3., 4., 5.}, {7., 8., 0.}}}}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));

  // bilinear, border, true
  options = F::GridSampleFuncOptions()
                .mode(torch::kBilinear)
                .padding_mode(torch::kBorder)
                .align_corners(true);
  output = F::grid_sample(input, grid, options);
  expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{0., 0., 1.}, {3., 4., 5.}, {7., 8., 8.}}}}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));

  // bilinear, reflection, true
  options = F::GridSampleFuncOptions()
                .mode(torch::kBilinear)
                .padding_mode(torch::kReflection)
                .align_corners(true);
  output = F::grid_sample(input, grid, options);
  expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{1., 0., 1.}, {3., 4., 5.}, {7., 8., 7.}}}}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AffineGrid) {
  {
    // 2D affine.
    auto theta = torch::arange(1., 13).view(std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 3}));
    auto size = std::vector<int64_t>({2, 3, 2, 2});
    auto align_corners = true;
    auto output = F::affine_grid(theta, size, !align_corners);
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{1.50, 1.50}, {2.50, 5.50}}, {{3.50, 6.50}, {4.50, 10.50}}},
         {{{1.50, 1.50}, {8.50, 11.50}}, {{9.50, 12.50}, {16.50, 22.50}}}});
    auto output_aligned = F::affine_grid(theta, size, align_corners);
    auto expected_aligned = torch::tensor(
        {{{{0.0, -3.0}, {2.0, 5.0}}, {{4.0, 7.0}, {6.0, 15.0}}},
         {{{-6.0, -9.0}, {8.0, 11.0}}, {{10.0, 13.0}, {24.0, 33.0}}}});

    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output_aligned.allclose(expected_aligned));
  }
  {
    // 3D affine.
    auto theta = torch::arange(1., 13).view(std::vector<int64_t>({1, 3, 4}));
    auto size = std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 3, 2, 2});
    auto align_corners = true;
    auto output = F::affine_grid(theta, size, !align_corners);
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{{0.5000, -2.1667, -4.8333}, {1.5000, 2.8333, 4.1667}},
           {{2.5000, 3.8333, 5.1667}, {3.5000, 8.8333, 14.1667}}},
          {{{2.5000, 2.5000, 2.5000}, {3.5000, 7.5000, 11.5000}},
           {{4.5000, 8.5000, 12.5000}, {5.5000, 13.5000, 21.5000}}},
          {{{4.5000, 7.1667, 9.8333}, {5.5000, 12.1667, 18.8333}},
           {{6.5000, 13.1667, 19.8333}, {7.5000, 18.1667, 28.8333}}}}});
    auto output_aligned = F::affine_grid(theta, size, align_corners);
    auto expected_aligned = torch::tensor(
        {{{{{-2.0, -10.0, -18.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}},
           {{2.0, 2.0, 2.0}, {4.0, 12.0, 20.0}}},
          {{{1.0, -3.0, -7.0}, {3.0, 7.0, 11.0}},
           {{5.0, 9.0, 13.0}, {7.0, 19.0, 31.0}}},
          {{{4.0, 4.0, 4.0}, {6.0, 14.0, 22.0}},
           {{8.0, 16.0, 24.0}, {10.0, 26.0, 42.0}}}}});

    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-2));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output_aligned.allclose(expected_aligned));
  }
  {
    auto theta = torch::empty({1, 2, 3}, torch::kDouble);
    auto size = std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 2, 2});
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(torch::empty({2, 2, 3}), {-1, 1, 2, 2}),
        "Expected non-zero, positive output size. Got [-1, 1, 2, 2]");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(torch::empty({2, 2, 3}, torch::kInt), size),
        "Expected theta to have floating point type, but got int");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta[0], size),
        "Expected a batch of 2D affine matrices of shape Nx2x3 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2]. Got [2, 3].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta.unsqueeze(0), size),
        "Expected a batch of 2D affine matrices of shape Nx2x3 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2]. Got [1, 1, 2, 3].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta.repeat({1, 2, 1}), size),
        "Expected a batch of 2D affine matrices of shape Nx2x3 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2]. Got [1, 4, 3].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta.repeat({1, 1, 2}), size),
        "Expected a batch of 2D affine matrices of shape Nx2x3 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2]. Got [1, 2, 6].");
  }
  {
    auto theta = torch::empty({1, 3, 4}, torch::kDouble);
    auto size = std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 2, 2, 3});
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta[0], size),
        "Expected a batch of 3D affine matrices of shape Nx3x4 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2, 3]. Got [3, 4].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta.unsqueeze(0), size),
        "Expected a batch of 3D affine matrices of shape Nx3x4 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2, 3]. Got [1, 1, 3, 4].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta.repeat({1, 2, 1}), size),
        "Expected a batch of 3D affine matrices of shape Nx3x4 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2, 3]. Got [1, 6, 4].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta.repeat({1, 1, 2}), size),
        "Expected a batch of 3D affine matrices of shape Nx3x4 for size "
        "[1, 1, 2, 2, 3]. Got [1, 3, 8].");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta, {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3}),
        "affine_grid only supports 4D and 5D sizes, for 2D and 3D affine "
        "transforms, respectively. Got size [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::affine_grid(theta, {1, 1}),
        "affine_grid only supports 4D and 5D sizes, for 2D and 3D affine "
        "transforms, respectively. Got size [1, 1]");
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MultiMarginLoss) {
  auto weight = torch::tensor({0.3, 0.3, 0.4}, torch::kFloat);
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {{0.2, 0.2, 0.6}, {0.1, 0.8, 0.1}, {0.9, 0.09, 0.01}},
      torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({2, 1, 0}, torch::kLong);
  auto output = F::multi_margin_loss(
      input, target, F::MultiMarginLossFuncOptions().margin(2).weight(weight));
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.305556}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, CosineEmbeddingLoss) {
  auto input1 = torch::tensor({{2, 3, 4}, {6, 2, 4}});
  auto input2 = torch::tensor({{2, 3, 5}, {9, 12, 0}});
  auto target = torch::tensor({1, -1});
  auto output = F::cosine_embedding_loss(
      input1, input2, target, F::CosineEmbeddingLossFuncOptions().margin(0.5));
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.1004}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-4));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MultiLabelMarginLossDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {{0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({{3, 0, -1, 1}}, torch::kLong);
  auto output = F::multilabel_margin_loss(input, target);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.8500}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MultiLabelMarginLossNoReduction) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {{0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto target = torch::tensor({{3, 0, -1, 1}}, torch::kLong);
  auto output = F::multilabel_margin_loss(input, target, torch::kNone);
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.8500}, torch::kFloat);
  auto s = output.sum();
  s.backward();

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_EQ(input.sizes(), input.grad().sizes());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, TripletMarginLoss) {
  auto anchor = torch::tensor({{3., 3.}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto positive = torch::tensor({{2., 2.}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto negative = torch::tensor({{0., 0.}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto output = F::triplet_margin_loss(
      anchor,
      positive,
      negative,
      F::TripletMarginLossFuncOptions().margin(1.0));
  auto expected = torch::tensor({0.}, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, TripletMarginWithDistanceLossDefaultParity) {
  // Check that if we use torch::pairwise_distance with the default
  // TripletMarginLoss options as our distance function, the outputs
  // are equal (i.e., equal under defaults).

  std::vector<TripletMarginWithDistanceLossOptions::reduction_t> reductions = {
      torch::kSum, torch::kMean, torch::kNone};
  std::vector<float> margins = {0.5, 1.0, 1.5};
  std::vector<bool> swaps = {true, false};

  for (auto& reduction : reductions) {
    for (auto& margin : margins) {
      for (const auto& swap : swaps) {
        auto anchor = torch::randn(
            {100, 128}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
        auto positive = torch::randn(
            {100, 128}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
        auto negative = torch::randn(
            {100, 128}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));

        auto basicOptions = F::TripletMarginLossFuncOptions()
                                .reduction(reduction)
                                .margin(margin)
                                .swap(swap);
        auto distanceOptions = F::TripletMarginWithDistanceLossFuncOptions()
                                   .reduction(reduction)
                                   .margin(margin)
                                   .swap(swap);
        TripletMarginLoss basicLoss(basicOptions);
        TripletMarginWithDistanceLoss distanceLoss(distanceOptions);

        auto basicOutput =
            F::triplet_margin_loss(anchor, positive, negative, basicOptions);
        auto distanceOutput = F::triplet_margin_with_distance_loss(
            anchor, positive, negative, distanceOptions);

        ASSERT_TRUE(distanceOutput.allclose(basicOutput, 1e-6, 1e-6));

        // handle for torch::kNone reduction
        auto sum = distanceOutput.sum();
        sum.backward();
        ASSERT_EQ(anchor.sizes(), anchor.grad().sizes());
        ASSERT_EQ(positive.sizes(), positive.grad().sizes());
        ASSERT_EQ(negative.sizes(), negative.grad().sizes());
      }
    }
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, NLLLoss) {
  auto input = torch::tensor(
      {{-0.1315, -3.1315, -2.5315},
       {-3.7038, -0.1038, -2.6038},
       {-2.3422, -1.3422, -0.4422}},
      torch::kFloat);
  auto target = torch::tensor({1, 0, 2}, torch::kLong);
  auto output = F::nll_loss(
      input,
      target,
      F::NLLLossFuncOptions().ignore_index(-100).reduction(torch::kMean));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(2.4258, torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::nll_loss(input, target).allclose(expected, 1e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, CrossEntropy) {
  auto input = torch::tensor({{3., 3.}, {2., 2.}}, torch::kFloat);
  auto target = torch::tensor({0, 1}, torch::kLong);
  auto output = F::cross_entropy(
      input,
      target,
      F::CrossEntropyFuncOptions().ignore_index(-100).reduction(torch::kMean));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(0.6931, torch::kFloat);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::cross_entropy(input, target).allclose(expected, 1e-04));

  // label smoothing with class indices
  input = torch::tensor({{3., 1.}, {1., 2.}}, torch::kFloat);
  output = F::cross_entropy(
      input,
      target,
      F::CrossEntropyFuncOptions().label_smoothing(0.15).reduction(
          torch::kMean));
  expected = torch::tensor(0.3326, torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));

  // label smoothing with target probabilities
  target = torch::tensor({{0.8, 0.2}, {0.1, 0.9}}, torch::kFloat);
  output = F::cross_entropy(
      input,
      target,
      F::CrossEntropyFuncOptions().label_smoothing(0.2).reduction(
          torch::kMean));
  expected = torch::tensor(0.5701, torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxUnpool1d) {
  auto x = torch::tensor(
      {{{2, 4, 5}}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto indices = torch::tensor({{{1, 3, 4}}}, torch::kLong);
  auto y = F::max_unpool1d(x, indices, F::MaxUnpool1dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y, torch::tensor({{{0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0}}}, torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 9}));

  x = torch::tensor(
      {{2, 4, 5}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  indices = torch::tensor({{1, 3, 4}}, torch::kLong);
  y = F::max_unpool1d(x, indices, F::MaxUnpool1dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 2);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y, torch::tensor({{0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 9}));

  x = torch::tensor(
      {{{2, 4, 5}}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  indices = torch::tensor({{{1, 3, 4}}}, torch::kLong);
  y = F::max_unpool1d(
      x,
      indices,
      F::MaxUnpool1dFuncOptions(3).output_size(
          std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 9})));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y, torch::tensor({{{0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0}}}, torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 9}));

  x = torch::tensor(
      {{{2, 4, 5}}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  indices = torch::tensor({{{1, 3, 4}}}, torch::kLong);
  y = F::max_unpool1d(
      x, indices, F::MaxUnpool1dFuncOptions(3).stride(2).padding(1));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(
      torch::allclose(y, torch::tensor({{{0, 2, 0, 4, 5}}}, torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 5}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxUnpool2d) {
  auto indices = torch::tensor(
      {{{{6, 8, 9}, {16, 18, 19}, {21, 23, 24}}},
       {{{6, 8, 9}, {16, 18, 19}, {21, 23, 24}}}},
      torch::kLong);
  auto x = torch::tensor(
      {{{{6, 8, 9}, {16, 18, 19}, {21, 23, 24}}},
       {{{31, 33, 34}, {41, 43, 44}, {46, 48, 49}}}},
      torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto y = F::max_unpool2d(
      x, indices, F::MaxUnpool2dFuncOptions(3).stride(2).padding(1));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.dim(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y,
      torch::tensor(
          {{{{0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
             {0, 6, 0, 8, 9},
             {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
             {0, 16, 0, 18, 19},
             {0, 21, 0, 23, 24}}},
           {{{0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
             {0, 31, 0, 33, 34},
             {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
             {0, 41, 0, 43, 44},
             {0, 46, 0, 48, 49}}}},
          torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 1, 5, 5}));

  indices = torch::tensor(
      {{{6, 8, 9}, {16, 18, 19}, {21, 23, 24}},
       {{6, 8, 9}, {16, 18, 19}, {21, 23, 24}}},
      torch::kLong);
  x = torch::tensor(
      {{{6, 8, 9}, {16, 18, 19}, {21, 23, 24}},
       {{31, 33, 34}, {41, 43, 44}, {46, 48, 49}}},
      torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  y = F::max_unpool2d(
      x, indices, F::MaxUnpool2dFuncOptions(3).stride(2).padding(1));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.dim(), 3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y,
      torch::tensor(
          {{{0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
            {0, 6, 0, 8, 9},
            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
            {0, 16, 0, 18, 19},
            {0, 21, 0, 23, 24}},
           {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
            {0, 31, 0, 33, 34},
            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
            {0, 41, 0, 43, 44},
            {0, 46, 0, 48, 49}}},
          torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 5, 5}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MaxUnpool3d) {
  auto indices = torch::tensor({{{{{26}}}}}, torch::kLong);
  auto x = torch::tensor(
      {{{{{26}}}}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  auto y = F::max_unpool3d(x, indices, F::MaxUnpool3dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.dim(), 5);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y,
      torch::tensor(
          {{{{{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}},
             {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}},
             {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 26}}}}},
          torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 3, 3, 3}));

  indices = torch::tensor({{{{26}}}}, torch::kLong);
  x = torch::tensor(
      {{{{26}}}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
  y = F::max_unpool3d(x, indices, F::MaxUnpool3dFuncOptions(3));

  ASSERT_EQ(y.dim(), 4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      y,
      torch::tensor(
          {{{{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}},
            {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}},
            {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 26}}}},
          torch::kFloat)));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 3, 3, 3}));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ELU) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
    for (const auto alpha : {0.0, 0.42, 1.0, 4.2, 42.42}) {
      auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
      x.resize_({size, size, size});
      auto x_bf16 =
          torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size).to(torch::kBFloat16);
      x_bf16.resize_({size, size, size});

      auto y_exp = torch::max(torch::zeros_like(x), x) +
          torch::min(torch::zeros_like(x), alpha * (torch::expm1(x)));
      auto y = F::elu(x, F::ELUFuncOptions().alpha(alpha).inplace(inplace));
      auto y_bf16 =
          F::elu(x_bf16, F::ELUFuncOptions().alpha(alpha).inplace(inplace));

      ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
      ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_bf16.to(torch::kFloat), y, 1e-2, 1e-2));
      if (inplace) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x_bf16.to(torch::kFloat), y, 1e-2, 1e-2));
      }
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::elu(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SELU) {
  {
    const double scale = 1.0507009873554804934193349852946;
    const double alpha = 1.6732632423543772848170429916717;
    for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
      auto input = torch::randn({5, 5});
      auto input_bf16 = input.clone().to(torch::kBFloat16);
      auto expected = scale *
          (torch::max(torch::zeros_like(input), input) +
           torch::min(torch::zeros_like(input), alpha * (torch::expm1(input))));
      auto output = F::selu(input, inplace);
      auto output_bf16 = F::selu(input_bf16, inplace);

      ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
      ASSERT_TRUE(output_bf16.to(torch::kFloat).allclose(output, 1e-2, 1e-2));
      if (inplace) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(input.allclose(expected));
        ASSERT_TRUE(input_bf16.to(torch::kFloat).allclose(output, 1e-2, 1e-2));
      }
    }
  }
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(0, 9, torch::kDouble).view({3, 3});
    auto output = F::selu(input);
    auto expected = F::selu(input, false);
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::selu(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, GLU) {
  int64_t dim = 1;
  auto input = torch::randn({4, 2}, torch::requires_grad());
  auto output = F::glu(input, dim);
  auto input_size = input.sizes()[dim] / 2;
  auto first_half = input.narrow(dim, 0, input_size);
  auto second_half = input.narrow(dim, input_size, input_size);
  auto expected = first_half * torch::sigmoid(second_half);

  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::glu(input).allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, GELU) {
  const auto x = torch::linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 100);
  const auto y_exp = x * 0.5 * (1.0 + torch::erf(x / std::sqrt(2.0)));
  const auto y = F::gelu(x, F::GELUFuncOptions().approximate("none"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp, 1.4e-06, 1e-05));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, TanhGELU) {
  const auto x = torch::linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 100);
  const auto inner = std::sqrt(2 / M_PI) * (x + 0.044715 * x.pow(3.0));
  const auto y_exp = 0.5 * x * (1.0 + inner.tanh());
  const auto y = F::gelu(x, F::GELUFuncOptions().approximate("tanh"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp, 1.4e-06, 1e-05));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Hardshrink) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto lambda : {-4.2, -1.0, -0.42, 0.0, 0.42, 1.0, 4.2, 42.42}) {
    auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
    x.resize_({size, size, size}).set_requires_grad(true);
    auto y = F::hardshrink(x, F::HardshrinkFuncOptions().lambda(lambda));
    torch::Tensor s = y.sum();

    s.backward();
    ASSERT_EQ(s.ndimension(), 0);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    auto y_exp = (x.abs() > lambda) * x;
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, OneHot) {
  { // Test #1
    auto x = torch::arange(0, 5, torch::kLong);
    auto y = F::one_hot(x % 3);
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}}, torch::kLong);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 2);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({5, 3}));
  }

  { // Test #2
    auto x = torch::arange(0, 5, torch::kLong);
    auto y = F::one_hot(x % 3, 5);
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
         {0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
         {0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
         {1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
         {0, 1, 0, 0, 0}},
        torch::kLong);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 2);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({5, 5}));
  }

  { // Test #3
    auto x = torch::arange(0, 6, torch::kLong);
    auto y = F::one_hot(x.view(std::vector<int64_t>({3, 2})) % 3);
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
         {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0}},
         {{0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}}},
        torch::kLong);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({3, 2, 3}));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Hardtanh) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto min_val : {-4.2, -1.0, -0.42, 0.0}) {
    for (const auto max_val : {0.0, 0.42, 1.0, 4.2}) {
      for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
        auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
        x.resize_({size, size, size});
        auto y_exp = (x < min_val) * min_val +
            ((x >= min_val) * (x <= max_val)) * x + (x > max_val) * max_val;
        auto y = F::hardtanh(
            x,
            F::HardtanhFuncOptions().min_val(min_val).max_val(max_val).inplace(
                inplace));

        ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
        ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
        if (inplace) {
          ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::hardtanh(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LeakyReLU) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto negative_slope : {0.0, 0.42, 1.0}) {
    for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
      for (const auto type : {torch::kFloat, torch::kBFloat16}) {
        auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size).to(type);
        x.resize_({size, size, size});
        auto y_exp = (x < 0) * x * negative_slope + (x >= 0) * x;
        auto y = F::leaky_relu(
            x,
            F::LeakyReLUFuncOptions()
                .negative_slope(negative_slope)
                .inplace(inplace));

        ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
        ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
        if (inplace) {
          ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::leaky_relu(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LogSigmoid) {
  const auto size = 3;
  LogSigmoid model;
  auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
  x.resize_({size, size, size});
  auto y = F::logsigmoid(x);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
  auto y_exp = torch::log(
      torch::ones_like(x) / (torch::ones_like(x) + torch::exp(torch::neg(x))));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp, 1e-4, 1e-7));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, GumbelSoftmax) {
  // Test 1: No-options
  {
    auto logits = torch::randn({5});
    int expected_count = 1;
    auto y_draw = F::gumbel_softmax(logits);

    // All values positive
    ASSERT_GE(y_draw.min().item<int>(), 0);
    // Shape unchanged
    ASSERT_TRUE(y_draw.sizes() == logits.sizes());
    // One choice per draw
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        y_draw.sum(), torch::tensor(expected_count, torch::kFloat)));
  }

  // Test 2: 1D shape, 0 and -1 dim
  for (const auto dim : {0, -1}) {
    auto logits = torch::randn({5});
    int expected_count = 1;
    auto y_draw = F::gumbel_softmax(
        logits, F::GumbelSoftmaxFuncOptions().hard(true).dim(dim));

    // All values positive
    ASSERT_GE(y_draw.min().item<int>(), 0);
    // Shape unchanged
    ASSERT_TRUE(y_draw.sizes() == logits.sizes());
    // One choice per draw
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        y_draw.sum(), torch::tensor(expected_count, torch::kFloat)));
  }

  { // Test 3: 2D shape, 1 dim
    auto logits = torch::randn({5, 4});
    int expected_count = 5;
    auto y_draw = F::gumbel_softmax(
        logits, F::GumbelSoftmaxFuncOptions().hard(true).dim(1));

    // All values positive
    ASSERT_GE(y_draw.min().item<int>(), 0);
    // Shape unchanged
    ASSERT_TRUE(y_draw.sizes() == logits.sizes());
    // One choice per draw
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        y_draw.sum(), torch::tensor(expected_count, torch::kFloat)));
  }

  // Test 4: 3D shape, 1 and -1 dim
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
  int dims[] = {1, -1};
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers)
  int expected[] = {5 * 3, 5 * 4};
  for (const auto i : c10::irange(2)) {
    auto logits = torch::randn({5, 4, 3});
    int expected_count = expected[i];
    auto y_draw = F::gumbel_softmax(
        logits, F::GumbelSoftmaxFuncOptions().hard(true).dim(dims[i]));

    // All values positive
    ASSERT_GE(y_draw.min().item<int>(), 0);
    // Shape unchanged
    ASSERT_TRUE(y_draw.sizes() == logits.sizes());
    // One choice per draw
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        y_draw.sum(), torch::tensor(expected_count, torch::kFloat)));
  }

  { // Test 5: Straight through
    int num_draws = 100;
    auto logits = torch::tensor({{0.2, 0.8, 0.1}});
    logits = logits.reshape({1, 3});
    logits.requires_grad();
    auto probs = logits.softmax(-1);

    auto counts = torch::zeros_like(logits);
    torch::Tensor y_draw;
    for ([[maybe_unused]] const auto i : c10::irange(num_draws)) {
      y_draw =
          F::gumbel_softmax(logits, F::GumbelSoftmaxFuncOptions().hard(true));
      counts += y_draw;
    }

    // All values positive
    ASSERT_GE(y_draw.min().item<int>(), 0);
    // Each experiment should result in 1 draw
    ASSERT_EQ(counts.sum().item<int>(), num_draws);

    // Check results are asymptotically as expected
    auto expected = probs * num_draws;
    // ~z is approximately N(0,1) for unbiased count
    auto z = (counts - expected) / (expected * (1 - probs)).sqrt();
    // A (lazy) approximate 99% two-sided test:
    // occurs with prob alpha~>=0.01 if unbiased
    ASSERT_LT(z.abs().max().item<float>(), 2.58);
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Softmax) {
  auto input = torch::arange(10, torch::kFloat).reshape({2, 5});
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
  auto output = F::softmax(input, /*dim=*/1);
  auto sum = torch::sum(torch::exp(input), 1);

  for (const auto i : c10::irange(2)) {
    auto expected = torch::exp(input[i]) / sum[i];
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(output[i], expected));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Softmin) {
  auto input = torch::arange(10, torch::kFloat).reshape({2, 5});
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
  auto output = F::softmin(input, /*dim=*/1);
  auto sum = torch::sum(torch::exp(-input), 1);

  for (const auto i : c10::irange(2)) {
    auto expected = torch::exp(-input[i]) / sum[i];
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(output[i], expected));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LogSoftmax) {
  auto input = torch::arange(10, torch::kFloat).reshape({2, 5});
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
  auto output = F::log_softmax(input, /*dim=*/1);
  auto sum = torch::sum(torch::exp(input), 1);

  for (const auto i : c10::irange(2)) {
    auto expected = torch::log(torch::exp(input[i]) / sum[i]);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(output[i], expected));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, PReLU) {
  const auto x = torch::rand({42, 24}) * 200 - 100;
  const auto w = torch::rand(24) * 200 - 100;
  const auto y = F::prelu(x, w);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({42, 24}));
  const auto y_exp = (x < 0) * w * x + (x >= 0) * x;
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LayerNorm) {
  const auto input = torch::randn({2, 2});
  auto y = F::layer_norm(input, F::LayerNormFuncOptions({2, 2}).eps(2e-5));
  auto y_exp =
      torch::layer_norm(input, {2, 2}, torch::Tensor(), torch::Tensor(), 2e-5);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, GroupNorm) {
  const auto input = torch::randn({2, 2});
  auto y = F::group_norm(input, F::GroupNormFuncOptions(2).eps(2e-5));
  auto y_exp =
      torch::group_norm(input, 2, torch::Tensor(), torch::Tensor(), 2e-5);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, LocalResponseNorm) {
  const auto x = torch::arange(100, 118).resize_({3, 3, 2});
  const auto y = F::local_response_norm(x, F::LocalResponseNormFuncOptions(2));
  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({3, 3, 2}));
  const auto y_exp = torch::tensor(
      {{{73.7788, 74.1462}, {60.1942, 60.3302}, {60.4609, 60.5865}},
       {{75.8729, 76.2011}, {60.9331, 61.0390}, {61.1403, 61.2370}},
       {{77.7387, 78.0303}, {61.5011, 61.5807}, {61.6563, 61.7279}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp, 1e-4, 1e-7));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Linear) {
  {
    const auto x = torch::arange(100., 118).resize_({3, 3, 2});
    const auto w = torch::arange(200., 206).resize_({3, 2});
    const auto b = torch::arange(300., 303);
    const auto y = F::linear(x, w, b);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({3, 3, 3}));
    const auto y_exp = torch::tensor(
        {{{40601, 41004, 41407}, {41403, 41814, 42225}, {42205, 42624, 43043}},
         {{43007, 43434, 43861}, {43809, 44244, 44679}, {44611, 45054, 45497}},
         {{45413, 45864, 46315}, {46215, 46674, 47133}, {47017, 47484, 47951}}},
        torch::kFloat);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
  }
  {
    const auto x = torch::arange(100., 118).resize_({3, 3, 2});
    const auto w = torch::arange(200., 206).resize_({3, 2});
    const auto y = F::linear(x, w);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({3, 3, 3}));
    const auto y_exp = torch::tensor(
        {{{40301, 40703, 41105}, {41103, 41513, 41923}, {41905, 42323, 42741}},
         {{42707, 43133, 43559}, {43509, 43943, 44377}, {44311, 44753, 45195}},
         {{45113, 45563, 46013}, {45915, 46373, 46831}, {46717, 47183, 47649}}},
        torch::kFloat);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Embedding) {
  const auto input = torch::tensor({{1, 2, 4, 5}, {4, 3, 2, 9}}, torch::kLong);
  auto weight = torch::empty({10, 3});
  torch::nn::init::normal_(weight);
  auto y = F::embedding(input, weight);
  auto y_exp = torch::embedding(weight, input.contiguous(), -1, false, false);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, EmbeddingBag) {
  const auto input = torch::tensor({1, 2, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 9}, torch::kLong);
  auto offsets = torch::tensor({0, 4}, torch::kLong);
  auto weight = torch::empty({10, 3});
  torch::nn::init::normal_(weight);
  auto y = F::embedding_bag(
      input,
      weight,
      F::EmbeddingBagFuncOptions()
          .mode(torch::kSum)
          .offsets(offsets)
          .padding_idx(4));
  auto y_exp = std::get<0>(torch::embedding_bag(
      weight, input, offsets, false, 0, false, torch::Tensor(), false, 4));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));

  // no options test
  const auto input_ = torch::tensor({{1, 2, 4, 5}, {4, 3, 2, 9}}, torch::kLong);
  auto offsets_ = torch::arange(
      0,
      input_.numel(),
      input_.size(1),
      torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kLong).device(input.device()));
  y = F::embedding_bag(input_, weight);
  y_exp = std::get<0>(torch::embedding_bag(
      weight, input_.reshape(-1), offsets_, false, 1, false, torch::Tensor()));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Bilinear) {
  auto input1 = torch::tensor({{1, 2, 3}, {7, 6, 5}});
  auto input2 = torch::tensor({{7, 4}, {8, 9}});
  auto weight = torch::tensor({{{2, 3}, {9, 7}, {8, 6}}});
  auto bias = torch::tensor({1});

  auto y_with_bias = F::bilinear(input1, input2, weight, bias);
  ASSERT_EQ(y_with_bias.ndimension(), 2);
  ASSERT_EQ(y_with_bias.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({2, 1}));
  auto y_with_bias_exp = torch::tensor({{449}, {1702}}).reshape({2, 1});
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_with_bias, y_with_bias_exp, 1e-4, 1e-7));

  auto y_no_bias = F::bilinear(input1, input2, weight);
  ASSERT_EQ(y_no_bias.ndimension(), 2);
  ASSERT_EQ(y_no_bias.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({2, 1}));
  auto y_no_bias_exp = torch::tensor({{448, 1701}}).reshape({2, 1});
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_bias, y_no_bias_exp, 1e-4, 1e-7));

  input1 = input1.to(torch::kFloat64);
  input2 = input2.to(torch::kInt32);
  weight = weight.to(torch::kInt32);
  ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
      F::bilinear(input1, input2, weight),
      "All tensors must have the same dtype, got input1: double, input2: int, weight: int");
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Normalize) {
  const auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{0.00000000, 0.10000000, 0.2000, 0.30000000, 0.40000000},
        {0.14285715, 0.17142858, 0.2000, 0.22857143, 0.25714287}}},
      torch::requires_grad().dtype(torch::kFloat));
  { // Test #1
    auto input = torch::tensor(
        {{{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}}},
        torch::dtype(torch::kFloat).requires_grad(true));
    auto norm = F::normalize(input, F::NormalizeFuncOptions().p(1).dim(-1));

    // reduce to scalar to call .backward()
    torch::Tensor s = norm.sum();
    s.backward();

    ASSERT_EQ(s.ndimension(), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(input.grad().numel(), 10);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(norm, expected));
  }

  { // Test #2 Check variations of optional arguments
    auto input = torch::tensor(
        {{{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}}}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat));
    auto output = torch::randn({1, 2, 5}, torch::dtype(torch::kFloat));
    // non-null output argument
    F::normalize(input, F::NormalizeFuncOptions().p(1).dim(-1).out(output));
    // default options
    F::normalize(input);

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(output, expected));
  }

  { // Test #3 Base case of scalar tensor
    auto input = torch::randn({}, torch::requires_grad());
    torch::Tensor norm =
        F::normalize(input, F::NormalizeFuncOptions().p(1).dim(-1));
    norm.backward();

    ASSERT_EQ(input.grad().numel(), 1);
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ReLU) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
    auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
    x.resize_({size, size, size});
    auto y_exp = (x < 0) * 0 + (x >= 0) * x;
    auto y = F::relu(x, F::ReLUFuncOptions().inplace(inplace));

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
    if (inplace) {
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
    }

    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
    y = F::relu(x, /*inplace=*/inplace);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
    if (inplace) {
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::relu(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ReLUDefaultOptions) {
  const auto size = 3;
  auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
  x.resize_({size, size, size});
  auto y_exp = (x < 0) * 0 + (x >= 0) * x;
  auto y = F::relu(x);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ReLU6) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
    auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
    x.resize_({size, size, size});
    auto y_exp = (x < 0) * 0 + ((x >= 0) * (x <= 6)) * x + (x > 6) * 6;
    auto y = F::relu6(x, F::ReLU6FuncOptions().inplace(inplace));

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
    if (inplace) {
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
    }

    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
    y = F::relu6(x, /*inplace=*/inplace);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
    if (inplace) {
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::relu6(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ReLU6DefaultOptions) {
  const auto size = 3;
  auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
  x.resize_({size, size, size});
  auto y_exp = (x < 0) * 0 + ((x >= 0) * (x <= 6)) * x + (x > 6) * 6;
  auto y = F::relu6(x);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, RReLU) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto lower : {0.01, 0.1, 0.2}) {
    for (const auto upper : {0.3, 0.4, 0.5}) {
      for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
        for (const auto type : {torch::kFloat, torch::kBFloat16}) {
          auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size).to(type);
          x.resize_({size, size, size});
          auto x_copy = x.clone();
          auto y = F::rrelu(
              x,
              F::RReLUFuncOptions().lower(lower).upper(upper).inplace(inplace));
          auto z =
              ((x_copy >= 0) * (x_copy == y) +
               (x_copy < 0) * (y >= x_copy * upper) * (y <= lower * x_copy)) *
              1.0;

          ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
          ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
          ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(z, torch::ones_like(z)));
          if (inplace) {
            ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y));
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::rrelu(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, RReLUDefaultOptions) {
  const auto size = 3;
  const auto lower = 1.0 / 8.0;
  const auto upper = 1.0 / 3.0;
  for (const auto type : {torch::kFloat, torch::kBFloat16}) {
    auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size).to(type);
    x.resize_({size, size, size});
    auto x_copy = x.clone();
    auto y = F::rrelu(x);
    auto z = ((x_copy >= 0) * (x_copy == y) +
              (x_copy < 0) * (y >= x_copy * upper) * (y <= lower * x_copy)) *
        1.0;

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(z, torch::ones_like(z)));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, CELU) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
    for (const auto alpha : {0.42, 1.0, 4.2, 42.42}) {
      auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
      x.resize_({size, size, size});
      auto x_bf16 = x.clone().to(torch::kBFloat16);
      auto y_exp = torch::max(torch::zeros_like(x), x) +
          torch::min(torch::zeros_like(x), alpha * (torch::expm1(x / alpha)));
      auto y = F::celu(x, F::CELUFuncOptions().alpha(alpha).inplace(inplace));
      auto y_bf16 =
          F::celu(x_bf16, F::CELUFuncOptions().alpha(alpha).inplace(inplace));

      ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
      ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_bf16.to(torch::kFloat), y, 1e-2, 1e-2));
      if (inplace) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x_bf16.to(torch::kFloat), y, 1e-2, 1e-2));
      }
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::celu(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, CELUDefaultOptions) {
  const auto size = 3;
  const auto alpha = 1.0;
  auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
  x.resize_({size, size, size});
  auto x_bf16 = x.clone().to(torch::kBFloat16);
  auto y_exp = torch::max(torch::zeros_like(x), x) +
      torch::min(torch::zeros_like(x), alpha * (torch::expm1(x / alpha)));
  auto y = F::celu(x);
  auto y_bf16 = F::celu(x_bf16);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_bf16.to(torch::kFloat), y, 1e-2, 1e-2));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, PixelShuffle) {
  auto x = torch::tensor(
      {{{{-17, 19}, {-1, 2}},
        {{7, 14}, {-3, 1}},
        {{0, -2}, {-12, 14}},
        {{-15, 0}, {-3, 9}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  auto y_exp = torch::tensor(
      {{{{-17, 7, 19, 14}, {0, -15, -2, 0}, {-1, -3, 2, 1}, {-12, -3, 14, 9}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  auto y = F::pixel_shuffle(x, 2);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({1, 1, 4, 4}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(y.allclose(y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, PixelUnshuffle) {
  auto x = torch::tensor(
      {{{{-17, 7, 19, 14}, {0, -15, -2, 0}, {-1, -3, 2, 1}, {-12, -3, 14, 9}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  auto y_exp = torch::tensor(
      {{{{-17, 19}, {-1, 2}},
        {{7, 14}, {-3, 1}},
        {{0, -2}, {-12, 14}},
        {{-15, 0}, {-3, 9}}}},
      torch::kFloat);
  auto y = F::pixel_unshuffle(x, 2);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 4);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), torch::IntArrayRef({1, 4, 2, 2}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(y.allclose(y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Softplus) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto beta : {0.5, 1.0, 2.0}) {
    for (const auto threshold : {1.0, 3.0, 5.0}) {
      auto x = torch::linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 61);
      x.resize_({size, size, size});
      auto y_exp =
          (x <= threshold) * torch::log(1 + torch::exp(x * beta)) / beta +
          (x > threshold) * x;
      auto y = F::softplus(
          x, F::SoftplusFuncOptions().beta(beta).threshold(threshold));

      ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
      ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
    }
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SoftplusDefaultOptions) {
  const auto size = 3;
  const auto beta = 1.0;
  const auto threshold = 20.0;
  auto x = torch::linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 61);
  x.resize_({size, size, size});
  auto y_exp = (x <= threshold) * torch::log(1 + torch::exp(x * beta)) / beta +
      (x > threshold) * x;
  auto y = F::softplus(x);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Fold) {
  auto input = torch::ones({1, 3 * 2 * 2, 2}, torch::kDouble);
  auto output = F::fold(input, F::FoldFuncOptions({3, 2}, {2, 2}));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0}, {1.0, 1.0}},
        {{1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0}, {1.0, 1.0}},
        {{1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0}, {1.0, 1.0}}}},
      torch::kDouble);

  ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 3, 3, 2}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Unfold) {
  auto input = torch::arange(0, 12, torch::kDouble).view({1, 2, 2, 3});
  auto output =
      F::unfold(input, F::UnfoldFuncOptions({2, 2}).padding(1).stride(2));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4.0},
        {0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 5.0},
        {0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
        {0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0},
        {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 10.0},
        {0.0, 0.0, 9.0, 11.0},
        {0.0, 7.0, 0.0, 0.0},
        {6.0, 8.0, 0.0, 0.0}}},
      torch::kDouble);

  ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 8, 4}));
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Softshrink) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto lambda : {0.0, 0.42, 1.0, 4.2, 42.42}) {
    auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
    x.resize_({size, size, size}).set_requires_grad(true);
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-argument-comment)
    auto y = F::softshrink(x, /*lambda=*/lambda);
    torch::Tensor s = y.sum();

    s.backward();
    ASSERT_EQ(s.ndimension(), 0);

    ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
    auto y_exp = (x < -lambda) * (x + lambda) + (x > lambda) * (x - lambda);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, SoftshrinkDefaultOptions) {
  const auto size = 3;
  const auto lambda = 0.5;
  auto x = torch::linspace(-10.0, 10.0, size * size * size);
  x.resize_({size, size, size}).set_requires_grad(true);
  auto y = F::softshrink(x);
  torch::Tensor s = y.sum();

  s.backward();
  ASSERT_EQ(s.ndimension(), 0);

  ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
  ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
  auto y_exp = (x < -lambda) * (x + lambda) + (x > lambda) * (x - lambda);
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Softsign) {
  auto x = torch::randn(100) * 10;
  auto y_exp = x / (1 + x.abs());
  auto y = F::softsign(x);

  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Mish) {
  auto x = torch::randn(100) * 10;
  auto y_exp = x * x.exp().log1p().tanh();
  auto y = F::mish(x);

  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Tanhshrink) {
  auto x = torch::randn(100) * 10;
  auto y_exp = x - x.tanh();
  auto y = F::tanhshrink(x);

  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Threshold) {
  const auto size = 3;
  for (const auto threshold : {0.5, 1.0, 2.0}) {
    for (const auto value : {0.5, 1.0, 2.0}) {
      for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
        auto x = torch::linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 61);
        x.resize_({size, size, size});
        auto y_exp = (x <= threshold) * value + (x > threshold) * x;
        auto y = F::threshold(
            x, F::ThresholdFuncOptions(threshold, value).inplace(inplace));

        ASSERT_EQ(y.ndimension(), 3);
        ASSERT_EQ(y.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({size, size, size}));
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, y_exp));
        if (inplace) {
          ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y_exp));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::threshold(torch::tensor(1.), F::ThresholdFuncOptions(0.5, 0.5))
                  .defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BatchNorm1d) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;
  double momentum = 0.1;

  auto input = torch::randn({2, 5});
  auto mean = torch::randn(5);
  auto variance = torch::rand(5);
  auto weight = torch::ones({num_features});
  auto bias = torch::zeros({num_features});
  auto output = F::batch_norm(
      input,
      mean,
      variance,
      F::BatchNormFuncOptions()
          .weight(weight)
          .bias(bias)
          .momentum(momentum)
          .eps(eps)
          .training(false));
  auto expected = (input - mean) / torch::sqrt(variance + eps);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BatchNorm1dDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::randn({2, 5});
  auto mean = torch::randn(5);
  auto variance = torch::rand(5);
  auto output = F::batch_norm(input, mean, variance);
  auto expected = (input - mean) / torch::sqrt(variance + 1e-5);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BatchNorm2d) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;
  double momentum = 0.1;

  auto input = torch::randn({2, num_features, 4, 4});
  auto mean = torch::randn(num_features);
  auto variance = torch::rand(num_features);
  auto weight = torch::ones({num_features});
  auto bias = torch::zeros({num_features});
  auto output = F::batch_norm(
      input,
      mean,
      variance,
      F::BatchNormFuncOptions()
          .weight(weight)
          .bias(bias)
          .momentum(momentum)
          .eps(eps)
          .training(false));
  auto expected = torch::transpose(
      (torch::transpose(input, 1, 3) - mean) / torch::sqrt(variance + eps),
      1,
      3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BatchNorm2dDefaultOptions) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;

  auto input = torch::randn({2, num_features, 4, 4});
  auto mean = torch::randn(num_features);
  auto variance = torch::rand(num_features);
  auto output = F::batch_norm(input, mean, variance);
  auto expected = torch::transpose(
      (torch::transpose(input, 1, 3) - mean) / torch::sqrt(variance + eps),
      1,
      3);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BatchNorm3d) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;
  double momentum = 0.1;

  auto input = torch::randn({2, num_features, 2, 2, 2});
  auto mean = torch::randn(num_features);
  auto variance = torch::rand(num_features);
  auto weight = torch::ones({num_features});
  auto bias = torch::zeros({num_features});
  auto output = F::batch_norm(
      input,
      mean,
      variance,
      F::BatchNormFuncOptions()
          .weight(weight)
          .bias(bias)
          .momentum(momentum)
          .eps(eps)
          .training(false));
  auto expected = torch::transpose(
      (torch::transpose(input, 1, 4) - mean) / torch::sqrt(variance + eps),
      1,
      4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BatchNorm3dDefaultOptions) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;

  auto input = torch::randn({2, num_features, 2, 2, 2});
  auto mean = torch::randn(num_features);
  auto variance = torch::rand(num_features);
  auto output = F::batch_norm(input, mean, variance);
  auto expected = torch::transpose(
      (torch::transpose(input, 1, 4) - mean) / torch::sqrt(variance + eps),
      1,
      4);
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, InstanceNorm1d) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;
  double momentum = 0.1;

  auto input = torch::arange(40.).view({2, 5, 4});
  auto mean = torch::arange(5.);
  auto variance = torch::arange(5.);
  auto weight = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto bias = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto output = F::instance_norm(
      input,
      F::InstanceNormFuncOptions()
          .running_mean(mean)
          .running_var(variance)
          .weight(weight)
          .bias(bias)
          .momentum(momentum)
          .eps(eps));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000},
        {-0.3416, 0.5528, 1.4472, 2.3416},
        {-0.6833, 1.1056, 2.8944, 4.6833},
        {-1.0249, 1.6584, 4.3416, 7.0249},
        {-1.3665, 2.2112, 5.7888, 9.3665}},
       {{0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000},
        {-0.3416, 0.5528, 1.4472, 2.3416},
        {-0.6833, 1.1056, 2.8944, 4.6833},
        {-1.0249, 1.6584, 4.3416, 7.0249},
        {-1.3665, 2.2112, 5.7888, 9.3665}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 2e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, InstanceNorm1dDefaultOptions) {
  auto input = torch::arange(40.).view({2, 5, 4});
  auto output = F::instance_norm(input);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416}},
       {{-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416},
        {-1.3416, -0.4472, 0.4472, 1.3416}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 2e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, InstanceNorm2d) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;
  double momentum = 0.1;

  auto input =
      torch::arange(2. * num_features * 2 * 2).view({2, num_features, 2, 2});
  auto mean = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto variance = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto weight = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto bias = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto output = F::instance_norm(
      input,
      F::InstanceNormFuncOptions()
          .running_mean(mean)
          .running_var(variance)
          .weight(weight)
          .bias(bias)
          .momentum(momentum)
          .eps(eps));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{0.0000, 0.0000}, {0.0000, 0.0000}},
        {{-0.3416, 0.5528}, {1.4472, 2.3416}},
        {{-0.6833, 1.1056}, {2.8944, 4.6833}},
        {{-1.0249, 1.6584}, {4.3416, 7.0249}},
        {{-1.3665, 2.2112}, {5.7888, 9.3665}}},
       {{{0.0000, 0.0000}, {0.0000, 0.0000}},
        {{-0.3416, 0.5528}, {1.4472, 2.3416}},
        {{-0.6833, 1.1056}, {2.8944, 4.6833}},
        {{-1.0249, 1.6584}, {4.3416, 7.0249}},
        {{-1.3665, 2.2112}, {5.7888, 9.3665}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 2e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, InstanceNorm2dDefaultOptions) {
  int num_features = 5;

  auto input =
      torch::arange(2. * num_features * 2 * 2).view({2, num_features, 2, 2});
  auto output = F::instance_norm(input);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}}},
       {{{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}},
        {{-1.3416, -0.4472}, {0.4472, 1.3416}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 2e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, InstanceNorm3d) {
  int num_features = 5;
  double eps = 1e-05;
  double momentum = 0.1;

  auto input = torch::arange(2. * num_features * 2 * 2 * 2)
                   .view({2, num_features, 2, 2, 2});
  auto mean = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto variance = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto weight = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto bias = torch::arange((double)num_features);
  auto output = F::instance_norm(
      input,
      F::InstanceNormFuncOptions()
          .running_mean(mean)
          .running_var(variance)
          .weight(weight)
          .bias(bias)
          .momentum(momentum)
          .eps(eps));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{{0.0000, 0.0000}, {0.0000, 0.0000}},
         {{0.0000, 0.0000}, {0.0000, 0.0000}}},
        {{{-0.5275, -0.0911}, {0.3453, 0.7818}},
         {{1.2182, 1.6547}, {2.0911, 2.5275}}},
        {{{-1.0550, -0.1822}, {0.6907, 1.5636}},
         {{2.4364, 3.3093}, {4.1822, 5.0550}}},
        {{{-1.5826, -0.2733}, {1.0360, 2.3453}},
         {{3.6547, 4.9640}, {6.2733, 7.5826}}},
        {{{-2.1101, -0.3644}, {1.3814, 3.1271}},
         {{4.8729, 6.6186}, {8.3644, 10.1101}}}},
       {{{{0.0000, 0.0000}, {0.0000, 0.0000}},
         {{0.0000, 0.0000}, {0.0000, 0.0000}}},
        {{{-0.5275, -0.0911}, {0.3453, 0.7818}},
         {{1.2182, 1.6547}, {2.0911, 2.5275}}},
        {{{-1.0550, -0.1822}, {0.6907, 1.5636}},
         {{2.4364, 3.3093}, {4.1822, 5.0550}}},
        {{{-1.5826, -0.2733}, {1.0360, 2.3453}},
         {{3.6547, 4.9640}, {6.2733, 7.5826}}},
        {{{-2.1101, -0.3644}, {1.3814, 3.1271}},
         {{4.8729, 6.6186}, {8.3644, 10.1101}}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 2e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, InstanceNorm3dDefaultOptions) {
  int num_features = 5;

  auto input = torch::arange(2. * num_features * 2 * 2 * 2)
                   .view({2, num_features, 2, 2, 2});
  auto output = F::instance_norm(input);
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}}},
       {{{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}},
        {{{-1.5275, -1.0911}, {-0.6547, -0.2182}},
         {{0.2182, 0.6547}, {1.0911, 1.5275}}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 2e-04));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Interpolate) {
  {
    // 1D interpolation
    auto input = torch::ones({1, 1, 2});
    auto options = F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                       .size(std::vector<int64_t>({4}))
                       .mode(torch::kNearest);
    auto output = F::interpolate(input, options);
    auto expected = torch::ones({1, 1, 4});

    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
  {
    // 2D interpolation
    for (const auto align_corners : {true, false}) {
      // test float scale factor up & down sampling
      for (const auto scale_factor : {0.5, 1.5, 2.0}) {
        auto input = torch::ones({1, 1, 2, 2});
        auto options =
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                .scale_factor(std::vector<double>({scale_factor, scale_factor}))
                .mode(torch::kBilinear)
                .align_corners(align_corners);
        auto output = F::interpolate(input, options);
        auto expected_size =
            static_cast<int64_t>(std::floor(input.size(-1) * scale_factor));
        auto expected = torch::ones({1, 1, expected_size, expected_size});

        ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
      }
    }
  }
  {
    // 3D interpolation
    for (const auto align_corners : {true, false}) {
      for (const auto scale_factor : {0.5, 1.5, 2.0}) {
        auto input = torch::ones({1, 1, 2, 2, 2});
        auto options = F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                           .scale_factor(std::vector<double>(
                               {scale_factor, scale_factor, scale_factor}))
                           .mode(torch::kTrilinear)
                           .align_corners(align_corners);
        auto output = F::interpolate(input, options);
        auto expected_size =
            static_cast<int64_t>(std::floor(input.size(-1) * scale_factor));
        auto expected =
            torch::ones({1, 1, expected_size, expected_size, expected_size});

        ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
      }
    }
  }
  {
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(
            torch::randn({1}),
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions().size(std::vector<int64_t>({1}))),
        "Input Error: Only 3D, 4D and 5D input Tensors supported (got 1D) ");
  }
  {
    auto input = torch::randn({3, 2, 2});
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(
            input[0],
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions().size(std::vector<int64_t>({4, 4}))),
        "Input Error: Only 3D, 4D and 5D input Tensors supported (got 2D) "
        "for the modes: nearest | linear | bilinear | bicubic | trilinear (got kNearest)");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(
            torch::reshape(input, {1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2}),
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions().size(
                std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4}))),
        "Input Error: Only 3D, 4D and 5D input Tensors supported (got 6D) "
        "for the modes: nearest | linear | bilinear | bicubic | trilinear (got kNearest)");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(input, F::InterpolateFuncOptions()),
        "either size or scale_factor should be defined");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(
            input,
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                .size(std::vector<int64_t>({3, 4, 4}))
                .scale_factor(std::vector<double>({0.5}))),
        "only one of size or scale_factor should be defined");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(
            input,
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions().scale_factor(
                std::vector<double>({3, 2}))),
        "scale_factor shape must match input shape. "
        "Input is 1D, scale_factor size is [3, 2]");
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::interpolate(
            input,
            F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                .mode(torch::kNearest)
                .align_corners(true)),
        "align_corners option can only be set with the "
        "interpolating modes: linear | bilinear | bicubic | trilinear");
  }
  {
    auto tensor = torch::rand({2, 3, 32, 32});
    std::vector<int64_t> osize = {8, 10};
    auto expected =
        at::native::_upsample_nearest_exact2d(tensor, osize, std::nullopt);

    auto options = F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                       .size(osize)
                       .mode(torch::kNearestExact)
                       .align_corners(false);
    auto output = F::interpolate(tensor, options);

    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
  {
    auto tensor = torch::rand({2, 3, 32, 32});
    std::vector<int64_t> osize = {8, 10};
    auto expected =
        at::native::_upsample_bilinear2d_aa(tensor, osize, false, std::nullopt);

    auto options = F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                       .size(osize)
                       .mode(torch::kBilinear)
                       .align_corners(false)
                       .antialias(true);
    auto output = F::interpolate(tensor, options);
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
  {
    auto tensor = torch::rand({2, 3, 32, 32});
    std::vector<int64_t> osize = {8, 10};
    auto expected =
        at::native::_upsample_bicubic2d_aa(tensor, osize, false, std::nullopt);

    auto options = F::InterpolateFuncOptions()
                       .size(osize)
                       .mode(torch::kBicubic)
                       .align_corners(false)
                       .antialias(true);
    auto output = F::interpolate(tensor, options);
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad1) {
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(6, torch::kDouble).reshape({1, 2, 3});
    auto output =
        F::pad(input, F::PadFuncOptions({1, 2}).mode(torch::kCircular));
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1.}, {5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4.}}}, torch::kDouble);
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 2, 6}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad2) {
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(9, torch::kDouble).reshape({1, 1, 3, 3});
    auto output =
        F::pad(input, F::PadFuncOptions({3, 3, 3, 1}).mode(torch::kCircular));
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
           {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
           {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
           {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
           {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
           {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
           {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.}}}},
        torch::kDouble);
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 7, 9}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad3) {
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(12, torch::kDouble).reshape({1, 1, 2, 2, 3});
    auto output = F::pad(
        input, F::PadFuncOptions({3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2}).mode(torch::kCircular));
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{{0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
            {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
            {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
            {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
            {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.}},

           {{6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
            {9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11.},
            {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
            {9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11.},
            {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.}},

           {{0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
            {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
            {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
            {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
            {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.}},

           {{6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
            {9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11.},
            {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
            {9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11.},
            {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.}},

           {{0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
            {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
            {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.},
            {3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5., 3., 4., 5.},
            {0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2., 0., 1., 2.}},

           {{6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
            {9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11.},
            {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.},
            {9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11., 9., 10., 11.},
            {6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8.}}}}},
        torch::kDouble);
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 6, 5, 9}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad4) {
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(16, torch::kDouble).reshape({2, 2, 2, 2});
    auto output =
        F::pad(input, F::PadFuncOptions({1, 1, 1, 1}).mode(torch::kReflect));
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{3., 2., 3., 2.},
           {1., 0., 1., 0.},
           {3., 2., 3., 2.},
           {1., 0., 1., 0.}},

          {{7., 6., 7., 6.},
           {5., 4., 5., 4.},
           {7., 6., 7., 6.},
           {5., 4., 5., 4.}}},

         {{{11., 10., 11., 10.},
           {9., 8., 9., 8.},
           {11., 10., 11., 10.},
           {9., 8., 9., 8.}},

          {{15., 14., 15., 14.},
           {13., 12., 13., 12.},
           {15., 14., 15., 14.},
           {13., 12., 13., 12.}}}},
        torch::kDouble);
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({2, 2, 4, 4}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad5) {
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(12, torch::kDouble).reshape({1, 1, 2, 2, 3});
    auto output = F::pad(
        input, F::PadFuncOptions({1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2}).mode(torch::kReplicate));
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{{0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 2.},
            {0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 2.},
            {0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 2.},
            {3., 3., 4., 5., 5., 5.},
            {3., 3., 4., 5., 5., 5.}},

           {{0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 2.},
            {0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 2.},
            {0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 2.},
            {3., 3., 4., 5., 5., 5.},
            {3., 3., 4., 5., 5., 5.}},

           {{6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {9., 9., 10., 11., 11., 11.},
            {9., 9., 10., 11., 11., 11.}},

           {{6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {9., 9., 10., 11., 11., 11.},
            {9., 9., 10., 11., 11., 11.}},

           {{6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {6., 6., 7., 8., 8., 8.},
            {9., 9., 10., 11., 11., 11.},
            {9., 9., 10., 11., 11., 11.}}}}},
        torch::kDouble);
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 5, 5, 6}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad6) {
  {
    auto input = torch::arange(18, torch::kDouble).reshape({1, 1, 3, 2, 3});
    auto output = F::pad(
        input, F::PadFuncOptions({0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2}).mode(torch::kReflect));
    auto expected = torch::tensor(
        {{{{{9., 10., 11., 10., 9.},
            {6., 7., 8., 7., 6.},
            {9., 10., 11., 10., 9.}},

           {{3., 4., 5., 4., 3.}, {0., 1., 2., 1., 0.}, {3., 4., 5., 4., 3.}},

           {{9., 10., 11., 10., 9.},
            {6., 7., 8., 7., 6.},
            {9., 10., 11., 10., 9.}},

           {{15., 16., 17., 16., 15.},
            {12., 13., 14., 13., 12.},
            {15., 16., 17., 16., 15.}},

           {{9., 10., 11., 10., 9.},
            {6., 7., 8., 7., 6.},
            {9., 10., 11., 10., 9.}},

           {{3., 4., 5., 4., 3.},
            {0., 1., 2., 1., 0.},
            {3., 4., 5., 4., 3.}}}}},
        torch::kDouble);
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 6, 3, 5}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(output.allclose(expected, 1e-04));
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad7) {
  {
    auto input = torch::ones({1, 1, 1, 1}, torch::kDouble);
    auto output = F::pad(
        input, F::PadFuncOptions({1, 1}).mode(torch::kConstant).value(0));
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 1, 3}));
    auto expected = torch::tensor({{{{0., 1., 0.}}}}, torch::kDouble);
  }
}
TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Pad8) {
  {
    auto input = torch::ones({1, 1, 1, 1}, torch::kDouble);
    auto output = F::pad(input, F::PadFuncOptions({1, 1}));
    ASSERT_EQ(output.sizes(), std::vector<int64_t>({1, 1, 1, 3}));
    auto expected = torch::tensor({{{{0., 1., 0.}}}}, torch::kDouble);
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, CTCLoss) {
  { // test CTCLoss typechecks
    const auto target_lengths = torch::tensor({30, 25, 20});
    const auto input_lengths = torch::tensor({50, 50, 50});
    const auto targets =
        torch::randint(1, 15, {target_lengths.sum().item<int>()}, torch::kInt);
    const auto log_probs =
        torch::randn({50, 3, 15}, torch::kFloat).log_softmax(2);

    const auto _input_lengths = input_lengths.to(torch::kFloat);
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::ctc_loss(log_probs, targets, _input_lengths, target_lengths),
        "input_lengths must be integral");

    const auto target_lengths_ = target_lengths.to(torch::kFloat);
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::ctc_loss(log_probs, targets, input_lengths, target_lengths_),
        "target_lengths must be integral");
  }
  { // test CTCLoss length checks
    const auto target_lengths = torch::tensor({30, 25, 20});
    const auto input_lengths = torch::tensor({50, 50, 50});
    const auto targets = torch::randint(1, 15, {3, 29}, torch::kInt);
    const auto log_probs =
        torch::randn({50, 3, 15}, torch::kFloat).log_softmax(2);
    ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
        F::ctc_loss(log_probs, targets, input_lengths, target_lengths),
        "Expected tensor to have size at least 30 at dimension 1");
  }
  { // test CTCLoss empty target
    {
      const auto target_lengths = torch::tensor({0, 0, 0});
      const auto input_lengths = torch::tensor({50, 50, 50});
      const auto targets =
          torch::randint(1, 15, at::IntArrayRef({0}), torch::kLong);
      const auto log_probs =
          torch::randn({50, 3, 15}, torch::kDouble).log_softmax(2);
      const auto loss = F::ctc_loss(
          log_probs,
          targets,
          input_lengths,
          target_lengths,
          F::CTCLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kNone));
      ASSERT_TRUE(loss.ge(0).all().item<bool>());
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
          -log_probs.sum(0).slice(1, 0, 1).view_as(loss), loss));
    }
    {
      const auto target_lengths = torch::tensor({0, 9, 0});
      const auto input_lengths = torch::tensor({50, 50, 50});
      const auto targets = torch::randint(1, 15, {9}, torch::kLong);
      const auto log_probs =
          torch::randn({50, 3, 15}, torch::kDouble).log_softmax(2);
      const auto loss = F::ctc_loss(
          log_probs,
          targets,
          input_lengths,
          target_lengths,
          F::CTCLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kNone));
      ASSERT_TRUE(loss.ge(0).all().item<bool>());
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
          -log_probs.sum(0)
               .index_select(0, torch::tensor({0, 2}, torch::kLong))
               .slice(1, 0, 1)
               .view({2}),
          loss.index_select(0, torch::tensor({0, 2}, torch::kLong))));
    }
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, PoissonNLLLoss) {
  const auto input = torch::tensor({0.5, 1.5, 2.5});
  const auto target = torch::tensor({1., 2., 3.});
  const auto component_wise_loss = torch::exp(input) - target * input;
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      torch::mean(component_wise_loss), F::poisson_nll_loss(input, target)));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      component_wise_loss,
      F::poisson_nll_loss(
          input,
          target,
          F::PoissonNLLLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kNone))));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      torch::sum(component_wise_loss),
      F::poisson_nll_loss(
          input,
          target,
          F::PoissonNLLLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kSum))));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
      torch::mean(component_wise_loss),
      F::poisson_nll_loss(
          input,
          target,
          F::PoissonNLLLossFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kMean))));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, MarginRankingLoss) {
  {
    const auto input1 = torch::randn(15) * 10;
    const auto input2 = torch::randn(15) * 10;
    const auto target = torch::randn(15).sign();
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::margin_ranking_loss(input1, input2, target),
        (-target * (input1 - input2)).clamp(0).mean()));
  }
  {
    const auto input1 = torch::randn(15) * 10;
    const auto input2 = torch::randn(15) * 10;
    const auto target = torch::randn(15).sign();
    const auto margin = 0.5;
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::margin_ranking_loss(
            input1,
            input2,
            target,
            F::MarginRankingLossFuncOptions().margin(0.5).reduction(
                torch::kSum)),
        (-target * (input1 - input2) + margin).clamp(0).sum()));
  }
  {
    const auto input1 = torch::randn(15) * 10;
    const auto input2 = torch::randn(15) * 10;
    const auto target = torch::randn(15).sign();
    const auto margin = 0.5;
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::margin_ranking_loss(
            input1,
            input2,
            target,
            F::MarginRankingLossFuncOptions().margin(0.5).reduction(
                torch::kMean)),
        (-target * (input1 - input2) + margin).clamp(0).mean()));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ConvTranspose1d) {
  auto x = torch::arange(20.).view({2, 2, 5});
  auto weight = torch::arange(18.).view({2, 3, 3});
  auto y =
      F::conv_transpose1d(x, weight, F::ConvTranspose1dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{45., 104., 179., 212., 245., 188., 107.},
        {60., 140., 242., 293., 344., 260., 146.},
        {75., 176., 305., 374., 443., 332., 185.}},
       {{135., 304., 509., 542., 575., 428., 237.},
        {210., 460., 752., 803., 854., 620., 336.},
        {285., 616., 995., 1064., 1133., 812., 435.}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv_transpose1d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ConvTranspose2dEven) {
  auto x = torch::arange(50.).view({1, 2, 5, 5});
  auto weight = torch::arange(54.).view({2, 3, 3, 3});
  auto y =
      F::conv_transpose2d(x, weight, F::ConvTranspose2dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{675., 1402., 2183., 2270., 2357., 1634., 849.},
         {1560., 3240., 5044., 5236., 5428., 3760., 1952.},
         {2685., 5574., 8673., 8988., 9303., 6438., 3339.},
         {3180., 6594., 10248., 10563., 10878., 7518., 3894.},
         {3675., 7614., 11823., 12138., 12453., 8598., 4449.},
         {2820., 5832., 9040., 9268., 9496., 6544., 3380.},
         {1605., 3314., 5129., 5252., 5375., 3698., 1907.}},
        {{900., 1870., 2912., 3053., 3194., 2210., 1146.},
         {2100., 4356., 6772., 7072., 7372., 5092., 2636.},
         {3630., 7518., 11670., 12147., 12624., 8706., 4500.},
         {4395., 9078., 14055., 14532., 15009., 10326., 5325.},
         {5160., 10638., 16440., 16917., 17394., 11946., 6150.},
         {3900., 8028., 12388., 12724., 13060., 8956., 4604.},
         {2190., 4502., 6938., 7115., 7292., 4994., 2564.}},
        {{1125., 2338., 3641., 3836., 4031., 2786., 1443.},
         {2640., 5472., 8500., 8908., 9316., 6424., 3320.},
         {4575., 9462., 14667., 15306., 15945., 10974., 5661.},
         {5610., 11562., 17862., 18501., 19140., 13134., 6756.},
         {6645., 13662., 21057., 21696., 22335., 15294., 7851.},
         {4980., 10224., 15736., 16180., 16624., 11368., 5828.},
         {2775., 5690., 8747., 8978., 9209., 6290., 3221.}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv_transpose2d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ConvTranspose2dUneven) {
  auto x = torch::arange(40.).view({1, 2, 5, 4});
  auto weight = torch::arange(36.).view({2, 3, 3, 2});
  auto y =
      F::conv_transpose2d(x, weight, F::ConvTranspose2dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{360., 758., 796., 834., 440.},
         {832., 1752., 1836., 1920., 1012.},
         {1432., 3014., 3152., 3290., 1732.},
         {1696., 3566., 3704., 3842., 2020.},
         {1960., 4118., 4256., 4394., 2308.},
         {1504., 3152., 3252., 3352., 1756.},
         {856., 1790., 1844., 1898., 992.}},
        {{480., 1010., 1072., 1134., 596.},
         {1120., 2352., 2484., 2616., 1372.},
         {1936., 4058., 4268., 4478., 2344.},
         {2344., 4898., 5108., 5318., 2776.},
         {2752., 5738., 5948., 6158., 3208.},
         {2080., 4328., 4476., 4624., 2404.},
         {1168., 2426., 2504., 2582., 1340.}},
        {{600., 1262., 1348., 1434., 752.},
         {1408., 2952., 3132., 3312., 1732.},
         {2440., 5102., 5384., 5666., 2956.},
         {2992., 6230., 6512., 6794., 3532.},
         {3544., 7358., 7640., 7922., 4108.},
         {2656., 5504., 5700., 5896., 3052.},
         {1480., 3062., 3164., 3266., 1688.}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv_transpose2d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, ConvTranspose3d) {
  auto x = torch::arange(16.).view({1, 2, 2, 2, 2});
  auto weight = torch::arange(32.).view({2, 2, 2, 2, 2});
  auto y =
      F::conv_transpose3d(x, weight, F::ConvTranspose3dFuncOptions().stride(1));
  auto expected = torch::tensor(
      {{{{{128., 280., 154.}, {304., 664., 364.}, {184., 400., 218.}},
         {{352., 768., 420.}, {832., 1808., 984.}, {496., 1072., 580.}},
         {{256., 552., 298.}, {592., 1272., 684.}, {344., 736., 394.}}},
        {{{192., 424., 234.}, {464., 1016., 556.}, {280., 608., 330.}},
         {{544., 1184., 644.}, {1280., 2768., 1496.}, {752., 1616., 868.}},
         {{384., 824., 442.}, {880., 1880., 1004.}, {504., 1072., 570.}}}}});
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, expected));

  auto y_no_options = F::conv_transpose3d(x, weight);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y_no_options, expected));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AlphaDropout) {
  auto input = torch::randn(5000);
  auto input_mean = input.mean();
  auto input_std = input.std();

  for (const auto rate : {0.2, 0.5, 0.8}) {
    for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
      auto input_ = input.clone();
      auto output = F::alpha_dropout(
          input_,
          F::AlphaDropoutFuncOptions().p(rate).training(false).inplace(
              inplace));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.1));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_std, output.std(), 0.1));
      if (inplace) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_, output));
      }
    }
  }
  auto output = F::detail::alpha_dropout(input, 0.5, false, false);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.1));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_std, output.std(), 0.1));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, FeatureAlphaDropout) {
  auto input = torch::randn(5000);
  auto input_mean = input.mean();
  auto input_std = input.std();

  for (const auto rate : {0.2, 0.5, 0.8}) {
    for (const auto inplace : {false, true}) {
      auto input_ = input.clone();
      auto output = F::feature_alpha_dropout(
          input_,
          F::FeatureAlphaDropoutFuncOptions().p(rate).training(false).inplace(
              inplace));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.1));
      ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_std, output.std(), 0.1));
      if (inplace) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_, output));
      }
    }
  }
  auto output = F::feature_alpha_dropout(input);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.1));
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_std, output.std(), 0.1));
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Dropout) {
  auto input = torch::randn(5000);
  auto input_mean = input.mean();
  auto input_std = input.std();

  for (const auto rate : {0.2, 0.5, 0.8}) {
    auto output = F::dropout(input, F::DropoutFuncOptions().p(rate));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.01, 0.05));
    ASSERT_TRUE((input_std <= output.std()).all().item<bool>());
  }
  auto output = F::dropout(input);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.01, 0.05));
  ASSERT_TRUE((input_std <= output.std()).all().item<bool>());
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::dropout(torch::tensor(1.)).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Dropout2d) {
  auto input = torch::randn({2, 2, 50, 100});
  auto input_mean = input.mean();
  auto input_std = input.std();

  for (const auto rate : {0.2, 0.5, 0.8}) {
    auto output = F::dropout2d(input, F::Dropout2dFuncOptions().p(rate));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.01, 0.05));
  }
  auto output = F::dropout2d(input);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.01, 0.05));
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::dropout2d(torch::randn({2, 50, 100})).defined());
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, Dropout3d) {
  auto input = torch::randn({2, 2, 50, 10, 10});
  auto input_mean = input.mean();
  auto input_std = input.std();

  for (const auto rate : {0.2, 0.5, 0.8}) {
    auto output = F::dropout3d(input, F::Dropout3dFuncOptions().p(rate));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.01, 0.05));
  }
  auto output = F::dropout3d(input);
  ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(input_mean, output.mean(), 0.01, 0.05));
  ASSERT_TRUE(F::dropout3d(torch::randn({2, 50, 10, 10})).defined());
}

template <c10::ScalarType S, typename T>
void test_isfinite(const at::Device& device) {
  const std::vector<T> values = {
      std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
      0,
      1,
      42,
      std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
      std::numeric_limits<T>::max()};
  for (const auto value : values) {
    const auto x = torch::full(
        {3, 3}, value, torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::isfinite(x).all().template item<bool>());
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_infinity) {
    const auto inf = std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {-inf,
         std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
         static_cast<T>(0),
         static_cast<T>(1),
         static_cast<T>(42),
         std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
         std::numeric_limits<T>::max(),
         inf},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        // torch::allclose does not support comparing torch::kBool
        torch::isfinite(x).toType(torch::kInt),
        torch::tensor(
            {false, true, true, true, true, true, true, false},
            torch::TensorOptions().device(device))
            .toType(torch::kInt)));
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_quiet_NaN) {
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_FALSE(torch::isfinite(x).all().template item<bool>());
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_signaling_NaN) {
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::signaling_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_FALSE(torch::isfinite(x).all().template item<bool>());
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, isfinite) {
  const at::Device device("cpu");
  test_isfinite<torch::kUInt8, uint8_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt8, int8_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt16, int16_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt32, int32_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt64, int64_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kFloat32, float>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kFloat64, double>(device);
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, isfinite_CUDA) {
  const at::Device device("cuda");
  test_isfinite<torch::kUInt8, uint8_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt8, int8_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt16, int16_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt32, int32_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kInt64, int64_t>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kFloat32, float>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kFloat64, double>(device);
  test_isfinite<torch::kFloat16, c10::Half>(device);
}

template <c10::ScalarType S, typename T>
void test_isinf(const at::Device& device) {
  const std::vector<T> values = {
      std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
      0,
      1,
      42,
      std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
      std::numeric_limits<T>::max()};
  for (const auto value : values) {
    const auto x = torch::full(
        {3, 3}, value, torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_FALSE(torch::isinf(x).all().template item<bool>());
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_infinity) {
    const auto inf = std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {-inf,
         std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
         static_cast<T>(0),
         static_cast<T>(1),
         static_cast<T>(42),
         std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
         std::numeric_limits<T>::max(),
         inf},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        // torch::allclose does not support comparing torch::kBool
        torch::isinf(x).toType(torch::kInt),
        torch::tensor(
            {true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true},
            torch::TensorOptions().device(device))
            .toType(torch::kInt)));
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_quiet_NaN) {
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_FALSE(torch::isinf(x).all().template item<bool>());
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_signaling_NaN) {
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::signaling_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_FALSE(torch::isinf(x).all().template item<bool>());
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, isinf) {
  const at::Device device("cpu");
  test_isinf<torch::kUInt8, uint8_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt8, int8_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt16, int16_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt32, int32_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt64, int64_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kFloat32, float>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kFloat64, double>(device);
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, isinf_CUDA) {
  const at::Device device("cuda");
  test_isinf<torch::kUInt8, uint8_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt8, int8_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt16, int16_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt32, int32_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kInt64, int64_t>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kFloat32, float>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kFloat64, double>(device);
  test_isinf<torch::kFloat16, c10::Half>(device);
}

template <c10::ScalarType S, typename T>
void test_allclose(const at::Device& device) {
  const std::vector<T> values = {
      std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
      0,
      1,
      42,
      std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
      std::numeric_limits<T>::max()};
  for (const auto value : values) {
    const auto x =
        torch::full({1}, value, torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    const auto y =
        torch::full({1}, value, torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, x));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, x));
    ASSERT_FALSE(torch::allclose(1.1 * x + 0.1, 1.0 * x));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(0.99 * x + 0.1, 1.0 * x, 1.1, 0.1));
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_infinity) {
    const auto inf = std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {-inf, inf}, torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    const auto y = torch::tensor(
        {-inf, inf}, torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, x));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, x));
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_quiet_NaN) {
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    const auto y = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, x, 1.0, 0.0, /*equal_nan=*/true));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y, 1.0, 0.0, /*equal_nan=*/true));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, x, 1.0, 0.0, /*equal_nan=*/true));
  }
  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::has_signaling_NaN) {
    const auto x = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::signaling_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    const auto y = torch::tensor(
        {std::numeric_limits<T>::signaling_NaN()},
        torch::TensorOptions().dtype(S).device(device));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, x, 1.0, 0.0, /*equal_nan=*/true));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(x, y, 1.0, 0.0, /*equal_nan=*/true));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(y, x, 1.0, 0.0, /*equal_nan=*/true));
  }
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AllClose) {
  const at::Device device("cpu");
  test_allclose<torch::kUInt8, uint8_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt8, int8_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt16, int16_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt32, int32_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt64, int64_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kFloat32, float>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kFloat64, double>(device);
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, AllClose_CUDA) {
  const at::Device device("cuda");
  test_allclose<torch::kUInt8, uint8_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt8, int8_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt16, int16_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt32, int32_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kInt64, int64_t>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kFloat32, float>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kFloat64, double>(device);
  test_allclose<torch::kFloat16, c10::Half>(device);
}

TEST_F(FunctionalTest, BCEWithLogitsLoss) {
  { // test BCE with logits raises if target and input are different size
    {
      const auto target = torch::rand(5);
      const auto input = torch::rand({5, 1});
      ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
          F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(input, target),
          "must be the same as input size");
    }
    {
      const auto target = torch::rand({5, 1});
      const auto input = torch::rand(5);
      ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(
          F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(input, target),
          "must be the same as input size");
    }
  }
  { // test BCE with logits gives same result as sigmoid and bce loss
    auto sigmoid = Sigmoid();

    auto target = torch::rand({64, 4});
    auto output = torch::rand({64, 4}) - 0.5;

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(output, target),
        F::binary_cross_entropy(sigmoid(output), target)));

    auto weight = torch::rand(4);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
            output,
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().weight(weight)),
        F::binary_cross_entropy(
            sigmoid(output),
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyFuncOptions().weight(weight))));

    target = torch::zeros({4, 1}, torch::kFloat);
    output = torch::empty({4, 1}, torch::kFloat).fill_(-100);

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(output, target),
        F::binary_cross_entropy(sigmoid(output), target)));

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
            output,
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().reduction(
                torch::kNone)),
        F::binary_cross_entropy(
            sigmoid(output),
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kNone))));

    weight = torch::rand({1}, torch::kFloat);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
            output,
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().weight(weight)),
        F::binary_cross_entropy(
            sigmoid(output),
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyFuncOptions().weight(weight))));
  }
  { // test BCE with logits has correct grad at zero
    const auto output = torch::zeros({3, 1}, torch::requires_grad());
    const auto target = torch::zeros({3, 1});
    F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().reduction(torch::kSum))
        .backward();
    const auto expected_grad = torch::empty({3, 1}).fill_(0.5);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(output.grad(), expected_grad));
  }
  { // test BCE with logits broadcasts weights
    const auto target = torch::rand({16, 4});
    const auto output = torch::rand({16, 4}) - 0.5;

    auto weight = torch::rand(4);
    auto out1 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().weight(weight));

    weight = weight.expand({16, 4}).contiguous();
    auto out2 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().weight(weight));

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(out1, out2));

    weight = torch::rand({16, 1});
    out1 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().weight(weight));

    weight = weight.expand({16, 4}).contiguous();
    out2 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().weight(weight));

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(out1, out2));
  }
  { // test BCE with logits ones in pos weights are the same as none
    const auto target = torch::rand({64, 4});
    const auto output = torch::rand({64, 4}) - 0.5;
    const auto pos_weight = torch::ones({64, 4});

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(output, target),
        F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
            output,
            target,
            F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().pos_weight(
                pos_weight))));
  }
  { // test BCE with logits broadcasts pos weights
    const auto target = torch::rand({64, 4});
    const auto output = torch::rand({64, 4}) - 0.5;
    const auto pos_weight = torch::rand(4);
    const auto out1 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().pos_weight(pos_weight));

    const auto pos_weight1 = pos_weight.expand({1, 4});
    const auto out2 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().pos_weight(pos_weight));

    const auto pos_weight2 = pos_weight.expand({64, 4});
    const auto out3 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().pos_weight(pos_weight));

    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(out1, out2));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(out1, out3));
  }
  { // test BCE with logits with pos weight has correct grad at zero
    const auto output = torch::zeros({3, 1}, torch::requires_grad());
    const auto target = torch::zeros({3, 1});
    const auto pos_weight = torch::ones({3, 1});
    F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions()
            .pos_weight(pos_weight)
            .reduction(torch::kSum))
        .backward();
    const auto expected_grad = torch::empty({3, 1}).fill_(0.5);
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
    const auto grad = output.grad();
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::allclose(grad, expected_grad));
  }
  { // test BCE with logits stability
    const auto output = torch::tensor({0., -120.});
    const auto target = torch::tensor({0., 1.});
    const auto pos_weight = torch::tensor({1., 1.});

    const auto out1 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(output, target);
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::isfinite(out1).all().item<bool>());

    const auto out2 = F::binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        output,
        target,
        F::BinaryCrossEntropyWithLogitsFuncOptions().pos_weight(pos_weight));
    ASSERT_TRUE(torch::isfinite(out2).all().item<bool>());
  }
}