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<h1>萌娘百科头像魔术字 IP 泄露</h1>
<section itemprop="articleBody">
<h2>前言</h2>
<p>
于
<time datetime="2025-07-29T22:28:17+0800"
>2025年7月29日 22:28:17</time
>，星海子在 Help:沙盒留下了<a
href="https://mzh.moegirl.org.cn/_?oldid=8088684&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=鬼影的基地&utm_content=https://gui-ying233.github.io/Nest/Moegirlpedia%20Avatar%20Magic%20Word%20IP%20Leak"
target="_blank"
>一笔编辑</a
>，<time datetime="2025-07-30T12:29:16+0800">约 14 小时后</time
>我对此魔术字进行了一次<a
href="https://mzh.moegirl.org.cn/_?oldid=8089498&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=鬼影的基地&utm_content=https://gui-ying233.github.io/Nest/Moegirlpedia%20Avatar%20Magic%20Word%20IP%20Leak"
target="_blank"
>测试</a
>（已经过申请后被监督），并在萌娘百科官方限水编辑讨论群发布了初步的调查报告。
</p>
<h2>漏洞详情</h2>
<h3>初步调查</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>
<code>{{#avatar:萌百娘}}</code>、<code
>{{#avatar:萌百娘|res=128}}</code
>
--> <code>width=128</code>，图源
<code>256px</code> 支持小数
</p>
<p>
<code>64 <= res < 128</code> -->
<code>width=res</code>，图源 <code>64px</code
><a
href="https://storage.moegirl.org.cn/moegirl/avatars/30749/latest.png!/sq/64?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=鬼影的基地&utm_content=https://gui-ying233.github.io/Nest/Moegirlpedia%20Avatar%20Magic%20Word%20IP%20Leak"
target="_blank"
>（https://storage.moegirl.org.cn/moegirl/avatars/30749/latest.png!/sq/64）</a
>
</p>
<p>
<code>{{#avatar:萌百娘|res=}}</code>（或<code><0</code>）
--> <code>width=""</code>（自动同图源大小），图源
<code>256px</code>
</p>
<br />
<p>
不能 <code>subst</code>，且如果
<code>subst</code> 不存在用户，会暴露你的 IP
</p>
<br />
<p>—— <cite>初步调查报告</cite></p>
</blockquote>
<pre data-lang="wikitext">
{{#avatar:}}
{{subst:#avatar:}}
</pre
>
<figure>
<picture
style="
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<source
srcset="
https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/gui-ying233/Nest@main/src/asset/image/ip%20in%20avatar%20title%20in%20light.webp
"
type="image/webp"
media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
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alt="头像的 alt 属性会记录提交者的 IP 地址"
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height="500"
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<figcaption aria-hidden="true">
头像的 alt 属性会记录提交者的 IP 地址
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
好吧，似乎只有
<a
href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Substitution/zh"
target="_blank"
><abbr>subst（替换引用）</abbr></a
>
未注册用户的头像才会暴露，前者会只返回每位访问者的
IP，一般人但凡预览了都会察觉。
</p>
<p>但，真的只是这样吗？</p>
<h3>Web 缓存欺骗攻击</h3>
<p>前情提要：萌百在此前上线了页面缓存。</p>
<p>
是的，不出意外，其第一个，“只返回每位访问者的
IP”，变成了只返回第一位访问者的 IP。 而其缓存是对
<a
href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/URL/search"
target="_blank"
>URL 查询字符串</a
>敏感的。
</p>
<p>
也就是说，我可以发送一个包含此头像的页面链接，并在链接中增加例如
<code>uuid=077860A0-4976-4999-9F08-DB0A651D3A56</code
>，然后发送给目标，在例如确定对方查看页面后，我再次以类似方式访问此页面，就能命中缓存，获取对方的
IP。
</p>
<h3>怎么还有？</h3>
<p>
<time datetime="2025-08-26T08:31:14+0800">8月26日</time
>，我发现例如
<a
target="_blank"
href="https://mzh.moegirl.org.cn/api.php?format=json&utf8=true&formatversion=2&action=query&meta=myavatar&maxage=114514&smaxage=114514"
>https://mzh.moegirl.org.cn/api.php?format=json&utf8=true&formatversion=2&action=query&meta=myavatar&maxage=114514&smaxage=114514</a
>
在匿名用户访问的时候也会共享 IP 缓存。
</p>
<p>
<time datetime="2025-08-27T12:29:18+0800">8月27日</time
>，我发现例如
<a
target="_blank"
href="https://mzh.moegirl.org.cn/api.php?action=query&format=json&list=avatars&utf8=1&formatversion=2&avuserids=0&maxage=114514&smaxage=114514"
>https://mzh.moegirl.org.cn/api.php?action=query&format=json&list=avatars&utf8=1&formatversion=2&avuserids=0&maxage=114514&smaxage=114514</a
>
在匿名用户访问的时候也会共享 IP 缓存。
</p>
<p>最终都被修复。</p>
<h2>题外话</h2>
<p>即使版本被监督了，缓存也不会因此失效。</p>
</section>
<footer>
<h2>相关链接</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<time datetime="2024-07-18T18:51:15+0800"
>2024年7月26日</time
>的：<a href="Moegirlpedia%20Comment%20List%20IP%20Leak"
>萌娘百科评论区 IP 泄露</a
>
</li>
<li>
2025年9月16日的：<a
href="Moegirlpedia%20Horizontal%20Privilege%20Escalation%20Bug"
>萌娘百科水平越权漏洞</a
>
</li>
</ol>
<a href=".">鬼影的基地</a>
</footer>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
media="print"
href="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/gui-ying233/Nest@main/src/css/print.min.css"
/>
</body>
</html>