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README.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>README.md</title>
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<h1 id="%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E7%89%88web%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0----omit-in-toc">【保存版】WEBアプリ開発における基礎～最新 <!-- omit in toc --></h1>
<h2 id="1-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB">1. はじめに</h2>
<p>WEBアプリケーションの構成や技術選定を考えるにあたって調べた専門用語やトレンドをメモしました。色んな書籍やブログをサーフィンして調べたまとめ記事です。かなりコピペもしているので、その際は出典としてURLを貼るようにしてます。</p>
<p>WEB系の知識が0の状態からまとめたので、すごく基本的なことから最新のトレンドまで雑多に入ってます。なるべく、上から読んでいけば一通りわかるようになってます。間違ってる箇所等あればご指摘いただけると幸いです。</p>
<p>対象者は下記のような方を想定してます。</p>
<ul>
<li>ノンエンジニアのITコンサルやSEだけど、開発のこと知りたい！</li>
<li>フルスタックではないエンジニアなので、横の知識が足りない！</li>
<li>エンジニアだけど歴が浅いので、体系だって知識をつけたい！</li>
<li>SaaSで起業するぞ！と思ったけど、開発のこと知らない！</li>
<li>社内で偉くなったので細かい知識はいらないけど、評価はしないといけない！</li>
<li>とにかく横文字が多すぎて苦痛、概要だけでも拾いたい！</li>
<li>WEBのすべてを知りたい・・・（知らないことがあるなんて嫌だ）</li>
</ul>
<p>では、長いですがどうぞ。</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1--%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB">1. はじめに</a></li>
<li><a href="#2--internet">2. Internet</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#21-internet-protocol-suite">2.1. Internet Protocol Suite</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#211-application-layer">2.1.1. Application Layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#212-transport-layer">2.1.2. Transport Layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#213-internet-layer">2.1.3. Internet Layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#214-network-interface-layer">2.1.4. Network Interface Layer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#22-http-hypertext-transfer-protocol">2.2. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#221-http09">2.2.1. HTTP/0.9</a></li>
<li><a href="#222-http10">2.2.2. HTTP/1.0</a></li>
<li><a href="#223-http11">2.2.3. HTTP/1.1</a></li>
<li><a href="#224-http2">2.2.4. HTTP/2</a></li>
<li><a href="#225-http3">2.2.5. HTTP/3</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#23-https-http-over-ssltls">2.3. HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS)</a></li>
<li><a href="#24-cookie-http-cookie">2.4. Cookie (HTTP Cookie)</a></li>
<li><a href="#25-third-party-cookie">2.5. Third Party Cookie</a></li>
<li><a href="#26-cache-file">2.6. Cache File</a></li>
<li><a href="#27-tcp-transmission-control-protocol">2.7. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)</a></li>
<li><a href="#28-ssltls-handshake">2.8. SSL/TLS Handshake</a></li>
<li><a href="#29-url-a-uniform-resource-locator">2.9. URL (a Uniform Resource Locator)</a></li>
<li><a href="#210-isp-internet-service-provider">2.10. ISP (Internet Service Provider)</a></li>
<li><a href="#211-seo-search-engine-optimization">2.11. SEO (Search Engine Optimization)</a></li>
<li><a href="#212-grpc-remote-procedure-call">2.12. gRPC (Remote Procedure Call)</a></li>
<li><a href="#213-semantic-web">2.13. Semantic WEB</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2131-rdf-resource-description-framework">2.13.1. RDF (Resource Description Framework)</a></li>
<li><a href="#2132-owl-the-w3c-web-ontology-language">2.13.2. OWL (The W3C Web Ontology Language)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#214-web-socket">2.14. Web Socket</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#3-browser">3. Browser</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#31-browser%E3%81%AE%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E">3.1. Browserの種類</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#311-chrome">3.1.1. Chrome</a></li>
<li><a href="#312-safari">3.1.2. Safari</a></li>
<li><a href="#313-firefox">3.1.3. Firefox</a></li>
<li><a href="#314-edge">3.1.4. Edge</a></li>
<li><a href="#315-sidekick">3.1.5. Sidekick</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#32-rendering-engine">3.2. Rendering Engine</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#321-webkit">3.2.1. Webkit</a></li>
<li><a href="#322-blink">3.2.2. Blink</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#33-javascript-engine">3.3. JavaScript Engine</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#331-v8">3.3.1. V8</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#34-critical-rendering-path">3.4. Critical Rendering Path</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#341-object-model%E3%81%AE%E6%A7%8B%E7%AF%89">3.4.1. Object Modelの構築</a></li>
<li><a href="#342-rendering-tree-%E3%81%AE%E6%A7%8B%E7%AF%89">3.4.2. Rendering Tree の構築</a></li>
<li><a href="#343-rendering-tree-%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%88">3.4.3. Rendering Tree のレイアウト</a></li>
<li><a href="#344-rendering-tree-%E3%81%AE%E6%8F%8F%E7%94%BB">3.4.4. Rendering Tree の描画</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#4-dns-domain-name-system">4. DNS (Domain Name System)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#41-registry%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA">4.1. Registry（レジストリ）</a></li>
<li><a href="#42-registrar%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9">4.2. Registrar（レジストラ）</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#5-web-server">5. WEB Server</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#51-web-server-%E3%81%AE%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97">5.1. WEB Server のタイプ</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#511-prefork">5.1.1. Prefork</a></li>
<li><a href="#512-event-driven">5.1.2. Event Driven</a></li>
<li><a href="#513-worker">5.1.3. Worker</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#52-web-server-middlewares">5.2. WEB Server Middlewares</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#521-apache-http-server">5.2.1. Apache HTTP Server</a></li>
<li><a href="#522-nginx">5.2.2. nginx</a></li>
<li><a href="#523-cloudflare">5.2.3. Cloudflare</a></li>
<li><a href="#524-litespeed">5.2.4. LiteSpeed</a></li>
<li><a href="#525-microsoft-iis-internet-information-service">5.2.5. Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Service)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#53-web-server-software-%E3%81%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2">5.3. WEB Server Software の利用シェア</a></li>
<li><a href="#54-static-content%E9%9D%99%E7%9A%84%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84">5.4. Static Content（静的コンテンツ）</a></li>
<li><a href="#55-cdn-contents-delivery-network">5.5. CDN (Contents Delivery Network)</a></li>
<li><a href="#56-cdn-%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E8%80%85">5.6. CDN 事業者</a></li>
<li><a href="#57-cdn-%E3%81%A7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93">5.7. CDN で使用されている技術</a></li>
<li><a href="#58-dynamic-content%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84">5.8. Dynamic Content（動的コンテンツ）</a></li>
<li><a href="#59-cgi-common-gateway-interface">5.9. CGI (Common Gateway Interface)</a></li>
<li><a href="#510-wsgi-web-server-gateway-interface">5.10. WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#5101-libraries--frameworks-for-wsgi">5.10.1. Libraries / Frameworks for WSGI</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#511-rack--psgi-perl-web-server-gateway-interface">5.11. Rack / PSGI (Perl Web Server Gateway Interface)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#6-ap-server-application-server">6. AP Server (Application Server)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#61-tomcat">6.1. Tomcat</a></li>
<li><a href="#62-jboss">6.2. JBOSS</a></li>
<li><a href="#63-microsoft-iis">6.3. Microsoft IIS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#7-html-and-css">7. HTML and CSS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#71-html-hypertext-markup-language">7.1. HTML (HyperText Markup Language)</a></li>
<li><a href="#72-dom-document-object-model">7.2. DOM (Document Object Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#73-ogp-open-graph-protocol">7.3. OGP (Open Graph Protocol)</a></li>
<li><a href="#74-css-cascading-style-sheets">7.4. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)</a></li>
<li><a href="#75-alt-css-alternative-css">7.5. Alt CSS (Alternative CSS)</a></li>
<li><a href="#76-css-frameworks">7.6. CSS Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#761-bootstrap">7.6.1. Bootstrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#762-tailwind-css">7.6.2. Tailwind CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="#763-materialize-css">7.6.3. Materialize CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="#764-foundation">7.6.4. Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="#765-reactstrap">7.6.5. Reactstrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#766-material-ui">7.6.6. Material UI</a></li>
<li><a href="#767-chakra-ui">7.6.7. Chakra UI</a></li>
<li><a href="#768-other-css-frameworks">7.6.8. Other CSS Frameworks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#77-post-css">7.7. Post CSS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#771-post-css-tools">7.7.1. Post CSS Tools</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#78-css-in-js">7.8. CSS in JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#781-css-in-js-%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%BB%E3%81%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA">7.8.1. CSS in JS の主なライブラリ</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#79-css-architecture">7.9. CSS Architecture</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#791-bem-block-element-modifier">7.9.1. BEM (Block, Element, Modifier)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#710-web-font">7.10. WEB Font</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#7101-font-awesome">7.10.1. Font Awesome</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#711-image-files">7.11. Image Files</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#7111-svg-scalable-vector-graphics">7.11.1. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#712-responsive-design">7.12. Responsive Design</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#7121-meta-viewport-tag">7.12.1. Meta Viewport Tag</a></li>
<li><a href="#7122-media-query">7.12.2. Media Query</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#713-user-interface-design">7.13. User Interface Design</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#7131-skeuomorphism-design">7.13.1. Skeuomorphism Design</a></li>
<li><a href="#7132-flat-design">7.13.2. Flat Design</a></li>
<li><a href="#7133-material-design">7.13.3. Material Design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#714-cms-contents-management-system">7.14. CMS (Contents Management System)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#7141-wordpress">7.14.1. WordPress</a></li>
<li><a href="#7142-drupal">7.14.2. Drupal</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#715-headless-cms">7.15. Headless CMS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#7151-contentful">7.15.1. Contentful</a></li>
<li><a href="#7152-microcms">7.15.2. MicroCMS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#8--javascript">8. JavaScript</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#81-ecma-script">8.1. ECMA Script</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#811-prototype-based-vs-class-based">8.1.1. Prototype-based VS Class-based</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#82-alt-js--javascript-flavors">8.2. Alt JS / JavaScript Flavors</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#821-coffeescript">8.2.1. CoffeeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="#822-typescript">8.2.2. TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="#823-javascript-flavors-%E3%81%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87">8.2.3. JavaScript Flavors の利用率</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#83-front-end-js-frameworks">8.3. Front-End JS Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#831-react">8.3.1. React</a></li>
<li><a href="#832-vuejs">8.3.2. Vue.js</a></li>
<li><a href="#833-svelte">8.3.3. Svelte</a></li>
<li><a href="#834-angular">8.3.4. Angular</a></li>
<li><a href="#835-front-end-js-frameworks-%E3%81%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E3%82%84%E6%BA%80%E8%B6%B3%E5%BA%A6">8.3.5. Front-End JS Frameworks の利用率や満足度</a></li>
<li><a href="#836-other-alt-js">8.3.6. Other Alt JS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#84-runtime-for-javascript-and-typescript">8.4. Runtime for JavaScript (and TypeScript)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#841-nodejs">8.4.1. Node.js</a></li>
<li><a href="#842-deno%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E">8.4.2. Deno（ディーノ）</a></li>
<li><a href="#843-npm-node-package-manager">8.4.3. npm (Node Package Manager)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#85-back-end-js-frameworks">8.5. Back-End JS Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#851-expressjs">8.5.1. Express.js</a></li>
<li><a href="#852-nextjs">8.5.2. Next.js</a></li>
<li><a href="#853-nuxtjs">8.5.3. Nuxt.js</a></li>
<li><a href="#854-sapper">8.5.4. Sapper</a></li>
<li><a href="#855-sveltekit">8.5.5. SvelteKit</a></li>
<li><a href="#856-blitzjs">8.5.6. Blitz.js</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#86-build-tool--bandler-for-alt-js">8.6. Build Tool / Bandler for Alt JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#861-webpack">8.6.1. Webpack</a></li>
<li><a href="#862-rollupjs">8.6.2. Rollup.js</a></li>
<li><a href="#863-vite">8.6.3. Vite</a></li>
<li><a href="#864-stenciljs">8.6.4. Stencil.js</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#87-transcompiler-for-alt-js">8.7. Transcompiler for Alt JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#871-babeljs">8.7.1. Babel.js</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#88-cli-for-alt-js-a-command-line-interface">8.8. CLI for Alt JS (a Command-Line Interface)</a></li>
<li><a href="#89-state-container-for-js">8.9. State Container for JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#891-redux">8.9.1. Redux</a></li>
<li><a href="#892-flux">8.9.2. Flux</a></li>
<li><a href="#893-mobx">8.9.3. MobX</a></li>
<li><a href="#894-jotai">8.9.4. Jotai</a></li>
<li><a href="#895-vuex">8.9.5. Vuex</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#810-virtual-dom">8.10. Virtual DOM</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#8101-shadow-dom">8.10.1. Shadow DOM</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#811-source-map">8.11. Source Map</a></li>
<li><a href="#812-data-format">8.12. Data Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#8121-json-javascript-object-notation">8.12.1. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)</a></li>
<li><a href="#8122-xml-extensible-markup-language">8.12.2. XML (Extensible Markup Language)</a></li>
<li><a href="#8123-bson-binary-json">8.12.3. BSON (Binary JSON)</a></li>
<li><a href="#8124-yaml-yaml-aint-markup-language">8.12.4. YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#813-ajax-asynchronous-javascript-and-xml">8.13. Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#8131-google-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B-ajax-%E3%81%AE%E5%85%88%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BE%8B">8.13.1. Google による Ajax の先行事例</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#814-animation">8.14. Animation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#8141-gsap-greensock-animation-platform">8.14.1. GSAP (GreenSock Animation Platform)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#815-%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%96%E3%81%AE-javascript--react-%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E3%82%84%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD">8.15. その他の JavaScript / React の概念や機能</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#8151-event-bubbling">8.15.1. Event Bubbling</a></li>
<li><a href="#8152-scope">8.15.2. Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#8153-strict-mode">8.15.3. Strict Mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#8154-fast-refresh">8.15.4. Fast Refresh</a></li>
<li><a href="#8155-jsx">8.15.5. JSX</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#9-wasm-web-assembly">9. WASM (Web Assembly)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#91-wasm%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E9%80%9F%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B">9.1. WASMはどのくらい速いのか</a></li>
<li><a href="#92-rust">9.2. Rust</a></li>
<li><a href="#93-wasi-webassembly-system-interface">9.3. WASI (WebAssembly System Interface)</a></li>
<li><a href="#94-wasm-runtime">9.4. WASM Runtime</a></li>
<li><a href="#95-rust-web-frameworks">9.5. Rust Web Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#951-rocket">9.5.1. Rocket</a></li>
<li><a href="#952-actix-web">9.5.2. Actix-web</a></li>
<li><a href="#953-warp">9.5.3. Warp</a></li>
<li><a href="#954-tide">9.5.4. Tide</a></li>
<li><a href="#955-gotham">9.5.5. Gotham</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#10--server-side-script">10. Server Side Script</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#101-python-frameworks">10.1. Python Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1011-flask">10.1.1. Flask</a></li>
<li><a href="#1012-django">10.1.2. Django</a></li>
<li><a href="#1013-fast-api">10.1.3. Fast API</a></li>
<li><a href="#1014-tornado">10.1.4. Tornado</a></li>
<li><a href="#1015-web2py">10.1.5. Web2py</a></li>
<li><a href="#1016-pyramid">10.1.6. Pyramid</a></li>
<li><a href="#1017-mako">10.1.7. Mako</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#102-php-frameworks">10.2. PHP Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1021-laravel">10.2.1. Laravel</a></li>
<li><a href="#1022-symfony">10.2.2. Symfony</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#103-java-frameworks">10.3. Java Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1031-spring">10.3.1. Spring</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#104-async-technologies-for-python--django">10.4. Async Technologies for Python / Django</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1041-asgi-asynchronous-server-gateway-interface">10.4.1. ASGI (Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface)</a></li>
<li><a href="#1042-anyio">10.4.2. AnyIO</a></li>
<li><a href="#1043-asgiref">10.4.3. asgiref</a></li>
<li><a href="#1044-asyncio">10.4.4. asyncio</a></li>
<li><a href="#1045-channels">10.4.5. Channels</a></li>
<li><a href="#1046-curio">10.4.6. Curio</a></li>
<li><a href="#1047-daphne">10.4.7. Daphne</a></li>
<li><a href="#1048-quart">10.4.8. Quart</a></li>
<li><a href="#1049-responder">10.4.9. Responder</a></li>
<li><a href="#10410-sanic">10.4.10. Sanic</a></li>
<li><a href="#10411-starlette">10.4.11. Starlette</a></li>
<li><a href="#10412-trio">10.4.12. trio</a></li>
<li><a href="#10413-uvicorn">10.4.13. Uvicorn</a></li>
<li><a href="#10414-hypercorn">10.4.14. Hypercorn</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#11-web-api-application-programming-interface">11. Web API (Application Programming Interface)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#111-restful-api">11.1. RESTful API</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1111-restful-api-%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E4%BE%8B">11.1.1. RESTful API のデータ例</a></li>
<li><a href="#1112-postman">11.1.2. Postman</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#112-graphql">11.2. GraphQL</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1121-graphql-%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E4%BE%8B">11.2.1. GraphQL のデータ例</a></li>
<li><a href="#1122-hasura">11.2.2. Hasura</a></li>
<li><a href="#1123-apollo-graphql">11.2.3. Apollo GraphQL</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#113-webhook">11.3. Webhook</a></li>
<li><a href="#114-soap-api-simple-object-access-protocol">11.4. SOAP API (Simple Object Access Protocol)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#12-web-application">12. WEB Application</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#121-spa-single-page-application">12.1. SPA (Single Page Application)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1211-spa-%E3%81%A8-seo">12.1.1. SPA と SEO</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#122-ssr-server-side-rendering">12.2. SSR (Server-Side Rendering)</a></li>
<li><a href="#123-ssg-static-site-generator">12.3. SSG (Static Site Generator)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1231-hugo">12.3.1. Hugo</a></li>
<li><a href="#1232-jekyll">12.3.2. Jekyll</a></li>
<li><a href="#1233-aspnet">12.3.3. ASP.NET</a></li>
<li><a href="#1234-aspnet-core">12.3.4. ASP.NET Core</a></li>
<li><a href="#1235-gatsbyjs">12.3.5. Gatsby.js</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#124-pwa-progressive-web-apps">12.4. PWA (Progressive Web Apps)</a></li>
<li><a href="#125-hybrid-application">12.5. Hybrid Application</a></li>
<li><a href="#126-hybrid-app-frameworks">12.6. Hybrid App Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1261-react-native">12.6.1. React Native</a></li>
<li><a href="#1262-flutter">12.6.2. Flutter</a></li>
<li><a href="#1263-ionic">12.6.3. Ionic</a></li>
<li><a href="#1264-dart">12.6.4. DART</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#127-ria-rich-internet-application">12.7. RIA (Rich Internet Application)</a></li>
<li><a href="#128-bff-backends-for-frontend">12.8. BFF (Backends For Frontend)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1281-bff-%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88">12.8.1. BFF のメリット</a></li>
<li><a href="#1282-bff-%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88">12.8.2. BFF のデメリット</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#129-microservices">12.9. Microservices</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1291-istio">12.9.1. Istio</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#1210-mvc-model-view-controller">12.10. MVC (Model-View-Controller)</a></li>
<li><a href="#1211-mvvm-model-view-viewmodel">12.11. MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#12111-model">12.11.1. Model</a></li>
<li><a href="#12112-view">12.11.2. View</a></li>
<li><a href="#12113-viewmodel">12.11.3. ViewModel</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#1212-accessibility-a11y">12.12. Accessibility (a11y)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#13--rdbms-relational-database-management-system">13. RDBMS (Relational DataBase Management System)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#131-rdbms%E3%81%AE%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E">13.1. RDBMSの種類</a></li>
<li><a href="#132-db%E3%81%AE%E5%86%97%E9%95%B7%E5%8C%96">13.2. DBの冗長化</a></li>
<li><a href="#133-query-cache">13.3. Query Cache</a></li>
<li><a href="#134-orm-object-relational-mapper">13.4. ORM (Object-Relational Mapper)</a></li>
<li><a href="#135-sql-antipatterns">13.5. SQL Antipatterns</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1351-mentor-your-indexes">13.5.1. MENTOR Your Indexes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#136-dump">13.6. Dump</a></li>
<li><a href="#137-erd-entity-relationship-diagram">13.7. ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1371-conceptual-data-model">13.7.1. Conceptual Data Model</a></li>
<li><a href="#1372-logical-data-model">13.7.2. Logical Data Model</a></li>
<li><a href="#1373-physical-data-model">13.7.3. Physical Data Model</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#138-eerd-enhanced--extended-erd">13.8. EERD (Enhanced / Extended ERD)</a></li>
<li><a href="#139-drawing-tools">13.9. Drawing Tools</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1391-drawio">13.9.1. Draw.io</a></li>
<li><a href="#1392-lucidchart">13.9.2. Lucidchart</a></li>
<li><a href="#1393-cacoo">13.9.3. Cacoo</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#14--nosql-db-not-only-sql-database">14. NoSQL DB (Not Only SQL DataBase)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#141-nosql-db-%E3%81%AE%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E">14.1. NoSQL DB の種類</a></li>
<li><a href="#142-kvs-key-value-store">14.2. KVS (Key-Value Store)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1421-redis">14.2.1. Redis</a></li>
<li><a href="#1422-memcached">14.2.2. Memcached</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#143-column-oriented-db%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91db">14.3. Column-Oriented DB（カラム指向DB）</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1431-apache-cassandra">14.3.1. Apache Cassandra</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#144-document-oriented-db%E3%83%89%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91db">14.4. Document-Oriented DB（ドキュメント指向DB）</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1441-mongodb">14.4.1. MongoDB</a></li>
<li><a href="#1442-robomongo">14.4.2. Robomongo</a></li>
<li><a href="#1443-apache-couch-db">14.4.3. Apache Couch DB</a></li>
<li><a href="#1444-realm">14.4.4. Realm</a></li>
<li><a href="#1445-firestore">14.4.5. Firestore</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#145-multi-model-db">14.5. Multi-Model DB</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1451-arangodb">14.5.1. ArangoDB</a></li>
<li><a href="#1452-azure-cosmos-db">14.5.2. Azure Cosmos DB</a></li>
<li><a href="#1453-crateio">14.5.3. CrateIO</a></li>
<li><a href="#1454-marklogic">14.5.4. MarkLogic</a></li>
<li><a href="#1455-orientdb">14.5.5. OrientDB</a></li>
<li><a href="#1456-virtuoso">14.5.6. Virtuoso</a></li>
<li><a href="#1457-fauna-db">14.5.7. Fauna DB</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#15-version-control-system">15. Version Control System</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#151-github">15.1. GitHub</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1511-github-actions">15.1.1. GitHub Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#1512-github-webhooks">15.1.2. GitHub Webhooks</a></li>
<li><a href="#1513-github-marketplace">15.1.3. GitHub Marketplace</a></li>
<li><a href="#1514-github-enterprise">15.1.4. GitHub Enterprise</a></li>
<li><a href="#1515-github-copilot">15.1.5. GitHub Copilot</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#152-git-command">15.2. Git Command</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#16-cicd-continuous-integration-and-continuous-delivery">16. CI/CD (Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#161-cicd-tools">16.1. CI/CD Tools</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1611-circleci">16.1.1. CircleCI</a></li>
<li><a href="#1612-travis-ci">16.1.2. Travis CI</a></li>
<li><a href="#1613-jenkins">16.1.3. Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#1614-github-actions">16.1.4. GitHub Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#1615-other-cicd">16.1.5. Other CI/CD</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#162-devops-software-development-and-it-operations">16.2. DevOps (Software Development and IT Operations)</a></li>
<li><a href="#163-sre-site-reliability-engineering">16.3. SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#17-text-editor">17. Text Editor</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#171-vscode-visual-studio-code">17.1. VSCode (Visual Studio Code)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1711-vscode-extensions">17.1.1. VSCode Extensions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#172-atom">17.2. Atom</a></li>
<li><a href="#173-eclipse-ide">17.3. Eclipse IDE</a></li>
<li><a href="#174-web-storm">17.4. Web Storm</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#18-static-code-analysis">18. Static Code Analysis</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#181-coding-standards-for-c">18.1. Coding Standards for C</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1811-misra-c">18.1.1. MISRA-C</a></li>
<li><a href="#1812-cert-c">18.1.2. CERT-C</a></li>
<li><a href="#1813-coding-standards-for-js">18.1.3. Coding Standards for JS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#19-code-formatter">19. Code Formatter</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#191-code-formatter-%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E4%BE%8B">19.1. Code Formatter のサービス例</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1911-prettier-for-js">19.1.1. Prettier (for JS)</a></li>
<li><a href="#1912-autopep8-for-python">19.1.2. autopep8 (for Python)</a></li>
<li><a href="#1913-black-for-python">19.1.3. Black (for Python)</a></li>
<li><a href="#1914-isort-for-python">19.1.4. isort (for Python)</a></li>
<li><a href="#1915-yapf-for-python">19.1.5. YAPF (for Python)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#20--code-linter">20. Code Linter</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#201-code-linter-for-js">20.1. Code Linter for JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2011-eslint">20.1.1. ESLint</a></li>
<li><a href="#2012-jshint">20.1.2. JSHint</a></li>
<li><a href="#2013-jslint">20.1.3. JSLint</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#202-code-linter-for-css">20.2. Code Linter for CSS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2021-stylelint">20.2.1. Stylelint</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#203-code-linter-for-java">20.3. Code Linter for Java</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2031-spotbugs">20.3.1. SpotBugs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#204-code-linter-for-multi-languages">20.4. Code Linter for Multi-Languages</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2041-coverity">20.4.1. Coverity</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#21-test-frameworks">21. Test Frameworks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#211-test-frameworks-for-js">21.1. Test Frameworks for JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2111-jest">21.1.1. Jest</a></li>
<li><a href="#2112-mocha">21.1.2. Mocha</a></li>
<li><a href="#2113-selenium">21.1.3. Selenium</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#22-development-methods">22. Development Methods</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#221-waterfall">22.1. Waterfall</a></li>
<li><a href="#222-prototype">22.2. Prototype</a></li>
<li><a href="#223-agile">22.3. Agile</a></li>
<li><a href="#224-spiral">22.4. Spiral</a></li>
<li><a href="#225-other-development-methods">22.5. Other Development Methods</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2251-dry-dont-repeat-your-self">22.5.1. DRY (Don’t Repeat Your Self)</a></li>
<li><a href="#2252-oaoo-once-and-only-once">22.5.2. OAOO (Once And Only Once)</a></li>
<li><a href="#2253-solid">22.5.3. SOLID</a></li>
<li><a href="#2254-kiss-keep-it-simple-stupid">22.5.4. KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid)</a></li>
<li><a href="#2255-yagni-you-arent-going-to-need-it">22.5.5. YAGNI (You Aren't Going to Need it.)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#23-agile-development-practices">23. Agile Development Practices</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#231-tdd-test-driven-development">23.1. TDD (Test Driven Development)</a></li>
<li><a href="#232-bdd-behavior-driven-development">23.2. BDD (Behavior Driven Development)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2321-bdd-tools-and-frameworks">23.2.1. BDD Tools and Frameworks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#233-ddd-domain-driven-design">23.3. DDD (Domain Driven Design)</a></li>
<li><a href="#234-atdd-acceptance-test-driven-development">23.4. ATDD (Acceptance Test Driven Development)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2341-atdd-tools-and-frameworks">23.4.1. ATDD Tools and Frameworks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#235-add-attribute-driven-design">23.5. ADD (Attribute Driven Design)</a></li>
<li><a href="#236-fdd-feature-driven-development">23.6. FDD (Feature Driven Development)</a></li>