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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>BCS 152 Tutorial</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tutorial.css">
</head>
<body class="bckgrnd">
<nav id="nav" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top"></nav>
<div>
<div class="jumbotron spr top">
<h1>Self Paced Reading Example: How to make Good Filler Items</h1>
<p>
A few consequences follow from these two central purposes of
filler items, in order to distract from critical items:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
Filler items need to be <em>similar</em> to critical items. For
example, you generally wouldn't want all filler items to be much shorter or
longer or more/less complex than the critical items. At the same
time, of course, you typically can't use exactly the same structures
in the filler and critical items. After all, you're trying to learn
something about the conditions that are manipulated in the critical
items. Since that typically requires careful counter-balancing of
the properties that we aim to manipulate in the critical items, we
typically don't want to destroy that counter-balancing by having fillers
that add to the frequency of one of, for example, only a subset of
the condition.
</li>
<li>
Filler items need to form groups/clusters just like the critical items.
Imagine
seeing 10 of 40 items with a certain lexical property (e.g. a
certain verb) because one of four conditions of an experiment
requires that lexical property. In that case, groups of fillers of
similar size (10ish) should be created—for example, repeating some
of their lexical material—thereby distracting from the
repeated property of the critical items that would otherwise stand out.
</li>
<li>
There has to be a sufficiently large number of filler items. The
specific number depends on your design. As a rule
of thumb, it is common to use twice as many filler items as critical
items in self-paced reading experiments.
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="jumbotron">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="col-md-12"><div><a class="btn btn-primary" href="Fillers.html">←Filler Items</a></div></td>
<td class="col-md-12"><div><a class="btn btn-warning" href="SPRComprehension.html">SPR Example: Comprehension Questions →</a></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="jumbotron">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-block btn-lg btn-danger" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#demo">Test Your Understanding</button>
<div id="demo" class="collapse">
<p>Coming soon...</p>
<!-- <p class="question">1. Which of the following is the best
pseudo-random order?</p>
<ul class="answers">
<li><input name="q1" value="a" id="q1a" type="radio"><label for="q1a">test,
test, filler, test, test, filler, test, test<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q1" value="b" id="q1b" type="radio"><label for="q1b">filler,
test, filler, filler, test, filler, filler, test<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q1" value="c" id="q1c" type="radio"><label for="q1c">test,
filler, test, test, filler, test, filler, filler<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q1" value="d" id="q1d" type="radio"><label for="q1d">filler,
test, filler, test, filler, test, filler, test <br>
</label></li>
</ul>
<p class="question">2. Why should you use pseudo-randomization?</p>
<ul class="answers">
<li><input name="q2" value="a" id="q2a" type="radio"><label for="q2a">to
ensure that not there aren't too many test trials in a row<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q2" value="b" id="q2b" type="radio"><label for="q2b">to
ensure that participants don't pick up on patterns<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q2" value="c" id="q2c" type="radio"><label for="q2c">to
prevent participants from predicting the next trial<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q2" value="d" id="q2d" type="radio"><label for="q2d">all
of the above<br>
</label></li>
</ul>
<p class="question">3. What is one reason for using fillers?</p>
<ul class="answers">
<li><input name="q3" value="a" id="q3a" type="radio"><label for="q3a">to
distract participants from figuring out what you are studying<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q3" value="b" id="q3b" type="radio"><label for="q3b">to
make the task longer to get more data from each participant<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q3" value="c" id="q3c" type="radio"><label for="q3c">to
use a full Latin square design<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q3" value="d" id="q3d" type="radio"><label for="q3d">none
of the above<br>
</label></li>
</ul>
<p class="question">4. What should fillers look like?</p>
<ul class="answers">
<li><input name="q4" value="a" id="q4a" type="radio"><label for="q4a">they
should be different from the test questions<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q4" value="b" id="q4b" type="radio"><label for="q4b">they
should always be complex<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q4" value="c" id="q4c" type="radio"><label for="q4c">they
should look and pattern like the test questions<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q4" value="d" id="q4d" type="radio"><label for="q4d">they
should appear in blocks<br>
</label></li>
</ul>
<p class="question">5. Why would we use fillers to counter-balance
aspects of the design?</p>
<ul class="answers">
<li><input name="q5" value="a" id="q5a" type="radio"><label for="q5a">to
fill out the Latin square design<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q5" value="b" id="q5b" type="radio"><label for="q5b">to
deceive participants into thinking that we are interested in
something else<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q5" value="c" id="q5c" type="radio"><label for="q5c">to
make the task longer to get more data from each participant<br>
</label></li>
<li><input name="q5" value="d" id="q5d" type="radio"><label for="q5d">to
make sure that participants can't subconsciously learn the
distribution of the stimuli<br>
</label></li>
</ul>
<div id="results">
Check
</div>
<div id="alerts">--></div>
</div>
</div>
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<![endif]-->
<!--[if gte IE 9]><!-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/underscore.js/1.8.3/underscore-min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="testnav.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="quiz-1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$('li#createstim').addClass('active');
$('li#sprfill').addClass('active');
});
</script>
</body>
</html>