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| 1 | +# Chanx: Stop fighting WebSocket boilerplate in FastAPI (and Django) |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +After years of building WebSocket apps, I got tired of the same pain points: endless if-else chains, manual validation, missing type safety, and zero documentation. So I built **Chanx** - a batteries-included WebSocket framework that makes FastAPI (and Django Channels) WebSocket development actually enjoyable. |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +## The Problem |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +**Without Chanx**, your FastAPI WebSocket code probably looks like this: |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +```python |
| 10 | +@app.websocket("/ws") |
| 11 | +async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket): |
| 12 | + await websocket.accept() |
| 13 | + while True: |
| 14 | + data = await websocket.receive_json() |
| 15 | + action = data.get("action") |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | + if action == "chat": |
| 18 | + if "message" not in data.get("payload", {}): |
| 19 | + await websocket.send_json({"error": "Missing message"}) |
| 20 | + continue |
| 21 | + # No broadcasting, must manually track connections |
| 22 | + # No type safety, no validation, no documentation |
| 23 | + elif action == "ping": |
| 24 | + await websocket.send_json({"action": "pong"}) |
| 25 | + # ... more manual handling |
| 26 | +``` |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +You're stuck with: |
| 29 | +- Manual if-else routing hell |
| 30 | +- Hand-written validation code |
| 31 | +- No type safety (runtime surprises!) |
| 32 | +- Zero API documentation |
| 33 | +- No broadcasting/groups out of the box |
| 34 | +- Painful testing setup |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +## The Solution |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +**With Chanx**, the same code becomes: |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +```python |
| 41 | +@channel(name="chat", description="Real-time chat API") |
| 42 | +class ChatConsumer(AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer): |
| 43 | + groups = ["chat_room"] # Auto-join on connect |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + @ws_handler( |
| 46 | + summary="Handle chat messages", |
| 47 | + output_type=ChatNotificationMessage |
| 48 | + ) |
| 49 | + async def handle_chat(self, message: ChatMessage) -> None: |
| 50 | + # Automatically routed, validated, and type-safe |
| 51 | + await self.broadcast_message( |
| 52 | + ChatNotificationMessage( |
| 53 | + payload=ChatPayload(message=f"User: {message.payload.message}") |
| 54 | + ) |
| 55 | + ) |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | + @ws_handler |
| 58 | + async def handle_ping(self, message: PingMessage) -> PongMessage: |
| 59 | + return PongMessage() # Auto-documented in AsyncAPI |
| 60 | +``` |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +## What You Get |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +### **Performance & Structure** |
| 65 | +- **Automatic routing** via Pydantic discriminated unions (no if-else chains!) |
| 66 | +- **Type-safe broadcasting** with channel layer integration |
| 67 | +- **Async/await** throughout for maximum performance |
| 68 | +- **Zero overhead** - decorators compile to efficient handlers |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | +### **Offload the Boring Stuff** |
| 71 | +- **Auto-validation** with Pydantic models |
| 72 | +- **AsyncAPI 3.0 docs** generated automatically (like Swagger for WebSockets!) |
| 73 | +- **Type-safe client generator** - generates Python clients from your API |
| 74 | +- **Built-in testing utilities** for both FastAPI and Django |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +### **Consistency & Type Safety** |
| 77 | +- **mypy/pyright compatible** - catch errors at dev time, not runtime |
| 78 | +- **Single codebase** works with both FastAPI and Django Channels |
| 79 | +- **Enforced patterns** via decorators (no more inconsistent implementations) |
| 80 | +- **Structured logging** with automatic request/response tracing |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +### **Developer Experience** |
| 83 | +- **Self-documenting code** - AsyncAPI spec is the single source of truth |
| 84 | +- **Clean code reviews** - declarative handlers instead of nested logic |
| 85 | +- **Fast onboarding** - newcomers read the AsyncAPI docs and they're good to go |
| 86 | +- **Framework agnostic** - switch between Django/FastAPI with zero refactoring |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +## Real-World Impact |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +What Chanx eliminates in your daily workflow: |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +**Technical Pain:** |
| 93 | +- Writing manual routing logic |
| 94 | +- Hand-crafting validation code |
| 95 | +- Debugging runtime type errors |
| 96 | +- Writing API documentation |
| 97 | +- Setting up WebSocket test infrastructure |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +**Team Collaboration:** |
| 100 | +- Inconsistent WebSocket implementations across the team |
| 101 | +- Painful code reviews of nested if-else chains |
| 102 | +- Slow onboarding (no API contract for frontend teams) |
| 103 | +- Debugging hell with unstructured logs |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +## Quick Example |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +**1. Define typed messages:** |
| 108 | +```python |
| 109 | +class ChatMessage(BaseMessage): |
| 110 | + action: Literal["chat"] = "chat" |
| 111 | + payload: ChatPayload |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +class ChatNotificationMessage(BaseMessage): |
| 114 | + action: Literal["chat_notification"] = "chat_notification" |
| 115 | + payload: ChatPayload |
| 116 | +``` |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | +**2. Create consumer:** |
| 119 | +```python |
| 120 | +@channel(name="chat") |
| 121 | +class ChatConsumer(AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer): |
| 122 | + groups = ["chat_room"] |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | + @ws_handler(output_type=ChatNotificationMessage) |
| 125 | + async def handle_chat(self, message: ChatMessage) -> None: |
| 126 | + await self.broadcast_message( |
| 127 | + ChatNotificationMessage(payload=message.payload) |
| 128 | + ) |
| 129 | +``` |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +**3. Setup routing (FastAPI):** |
| 132 | +```python |
| 133 | +app = FastAPI() |
| 134 | +ws_router = FastAPI() |
| 135 | +ws_router.add_websocket_route("/chat", ChatConsumer.as_asgi()) |
| 136 | +app.mount("/ws", ws_router) |
| 137 | +``` |
| 138 | + |
| 139 | +**4. Visit `/asyncapi/` for interactive documentation** |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +## Advanced Features |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +- **Built-in auth** with DRF permission support (+ extensible for custom flows) |
| 144 | +- **Testing utilities** - framework-specific WebSocket communicators |
| 145 | +- **Structured logging** with automatic tracing |
| 146 | +- **Flexible config** - Django settings or class-level attributes |
| 147 | +- **Client generator CLI** - `chanx generate-client --schema http://localhost:8000/asyncapi.json` |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +## Installation |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +```bash |
| 152 | +# For FastAPI |
| 153 | +pip install "chanx[fast_channels]" |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | +# For Django Channels |
| 156 | +pip install "chanx[channels]" |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | +# For client generator |
| 159 | +pip install "chanx[cli]" |
| 160 | +``` |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +## Why I Built This |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +I spent years building real-time features for production apps, and every project had the same problems: |
| 165 | +- Junior devs writing fragile if-else chains |
| 166 | +- No one documenting the WebSocket API |
| 167 | +- Frontend teams guessing message formats |
| 168 | +- Tests breaking on every refactor |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +Chanx solves all of this by providing **proven patterns** that help teams ship faster, maintain cleaner code, and actually enjoy working with WebSockets. |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +--- |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +**Links:** |
| 175 | +- PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/chanx/ |
| 176 | +- Docs: https://chanx.readthedocs.io/ |
| 177 | +- GitHub: https://github.com/huynguyengl99/chanx |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +Built for the FastAPI and Django communities. Open to feedback and contributions! |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +--- |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | +*Works with Python 3.11+, FastAPI, and Django Channels. Full type safety with mypy/pyright. 100% test coverage.* |
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