diff --git a/apps/common/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/store/UpdateHistory.scala b/apps/common/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/store/UpdateHistory.scala
index 1999cd3bc4..35c5abcd86 100644
--- a/apps/common/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/store/UpdateHistory.scala
+++ b/apps/common/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/store/UpdateHistory.scala
@@ -1031,17 +1031,15 @@ class UpdateHistory(
   private def afterFilters(
       afterO: Option[(Long, CantonTimestamp)],
       includeImportUpdates: Boolean,
-      afterIsInclusive: Boolean,
   ): NonEmptyList[SQLActionBuilder] = {
     val gtMin = if (includeImportUpdates) ">=" else ">"
-    val gtAfter = if (afterIsInclusive) ">=" else ">"
     afterO match {
       case None =>
         NonEmptyList.of(sql"migration_id >= 0 and record_time #$gtMin ${CantonTimestamp.MinValue}")
       case Some((afterMigrationId, afterRecordTime)) =>
         // This makes it so that the two queries use updt_hist_tran_hi_mi_rt_di,
         NonEmptyList.of(
-          sql"migration_id = ${afterMigrationId} and record_time #$gtAfter ${afterRecordTime} ",
+          sql"migration_id = ${afterMigrationId} and record_time > ${afterRecordTime} ",
           sql"migration_id > ${afterMigrationId} and record_time #$gtMin ${CantonTimestamp.MinValue}",
         )
     }
@@ -1227,9 +1225,8 @@ class UpdateHistory(
   def getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(
       afterO: Option[(Long, CantonTimestamp)],
       limit: Limit,
-      afterIsInclusive: Boolean,
   )(implicit tc: TraceContext): Future[Seq[TreeUpdateWithMigrationId]] = {
-    val filters = afterFilters(afterO, includeImportUpdates = false, afterIsInclusive)
+    val filters = afterFilters(afterO, includeImportUpdates = false)
     val orderBy = sql"migration_id, record_time, domain_id"
     for {
       txs <- getTxUpdates(filters, orderBy, limit)
@@ -1240,17 +1237,11 @@ class UpdateHistory(
     }
   }
 
-  def getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(
-      afterO: Option[(Long, CantonTimestamp)],
-      limit: Limit,
-  )(implicit tc: TraceContext): Future[Seq[TreeUpdateWithMigrationId]] =
-    getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(afterO, limit, false)
-
   def getAllUpdates(
       afterO: Option[(Long, CantonTimestamp)],
       limit: PageLimit,
   )(implicit tc: TraceContext): Future[Seq[TreeUpdateWithMigrationId]] = {
-    val filters = afterFilters(afterO, includeImportUpdates = true, afterIsInclusive = false)
+    val filters = afterFilters(afterO, includeImportUpdates = true)
     // With import updates, we have to include the update id to get a deterministic order.
     // We don't have an index for this order, but this is only used in test code and deprecated scan endpoints.
     val orderBy = sql"migration_id, record_time, domain_id, update_id"
diff --git a/apps/scan/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/bulk/UpdateHistorySegmentBulkStorage.scala b/apps/scan/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/bulk/UpdateHistorySegmentBulkStorage.scala
index 59b607990b..680d9ebedf 100644
--- a/apps/scan/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/bulk/UpdateHistorySegmentBulkStorage.scala
+++ b/apps/scan/src/main/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/bulk/UpdateHistorySegmentBulkStorage.scala
@@ -112,20 +112,17 @@ class UpdateHistorySegmentBulkStorage(
           updateHistory.getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(
             Some((fromMigrationId, fromTimestamp)),
             HardLimit.tryCreate(config.dbReadChunkSize),
-            afterIsInclusive = true,
           )
         )(after =>
           updateHistory.getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(
             Some((after._1, after._2)),
             HardLimit.tryCreate(config.dbReadChunkSize),
-            afterIsInclusive = false,
           )
         )
 
-      // TODO(#3429): Figure out the < vs <= issue
       updatesInSegment = updates.filter(update =>
         update.migrationId < toMigrationId ||
-          update.migrationId == toMigrationId && update.update.update.recordTime < toTimestamp
+          update.migrationId == toMigrationId && update.update.update.recordTime <= toTimestamp
       )
       _ <-
         if (updatesInSegment.length < updates.length || updates.length == config.dbReadChunkSize) {
diff --git a/apps/scan/src/test/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest.scala b/apps/scan/src/test/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest.scala
index 326f93e4ec..a3878fe5ff 100644
--- a/apps/scan/src/test/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest.scala
+++ b/apps/scan/src/test/scala/org/lfdecentralizedtrust/splice/scan/store/UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest.scala
@@ -47,16 +47,21 @@ class UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest
       withS3Mock {
         val initialStoreSize = 1500
         val segmentSize = 2200L
+        val segmentFromTimestamp = 100L
         val mockStore = new MockUpdateHistoryStore(initialStoreSize)
         val bucketConnection = getS3BucketConnection(loggerFactory)
+        val fromTimestamp =
+          CantonTimestamp.tryFromInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(segmentFromTimestamp))
+        val toTimestamp =
+          CantonTimestamp.tryFromInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(segmentFromTimestamp + segmentSize))
         val segment = new UpdateHistorySegmentBulkStorage(
           bulkStorageTestConfig,
           mockStore.store,
           bucketConnection,
           0,
-          CantonTimestamp.tryFromInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(0)),
+          fromTimestamp,
           0,
-          CantonTimestamp.tryFromInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(segmentSize)),
+          toTimestamp,
           loggerFactory,
         )
         clue(
@@ -85,8 +90,11 @@ class UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest
             .asScala
           allUpdates <- mockStore.store.getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(
             None,
-            HardLimit.tryCreate(segmentSize.toInt, segmentSize.toInt),
-            afterIsInclusive = true,
+            HardLimit.tryCreate(segmentSize.toInt * 2, segmentSize.toInt * 2),
+          )
+          segmentUpdates = allUpdates.filter(update =>
+            update.update.update.recordTime > fromTimestamp &&
+              update.update.update.recordTime <= toTimestamp
           )
         } yield {
           val objectKeys = s3Objects.contents.asScala.sortBy(_.key())
@@ -95,10 +103,11 @@ class UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest
           val allUpdatesFromS3 = objectKeys.flatMap(
             readUncompressAndDecode(bucketConnection, io.circe.parser.decode[UpdateHistoryItemV2])
           )
+          allUpdatesFromS3.length shouldBe segmentUpdates.length
           allUpdatesFromS3
             .map(
               CompactJsonScanHttpEncodingsWithFieldLabels().httpToLapiUpdate
-            ) should contain theSameElementsInOrderAs allUpdates
+            ) should contain theSameElementsInOrderAs segmentUpdates
         }
       }
     }
@@ -120,17 +129,14 @@ class UpdateHistoryBulkStorageTest
         store.getUpdatesWithoutImportUpdates(
           any[Option[(Long, CantonTimestamp)]],
           any[Limit],
-          anyBoolean,
         )(any[TraceContext])
       ).thenAnswer {
         (
             afterO: Option[(Long, CantonTimestamp)],
             limit: Limit,
-            afterIsInclusive: Boolean,
         ) =>
           Future {
-            val afterIdx = afterO.map { case (_, t) => t.toEpochMilli }.getOrElse(0L)
-            val fromIdx = if (afterIsInclusive) afterIdx else afterIdx + 1
+            val fromIdx = afterO.map { case (_, t) => t.toEpochMilli }.getOrElse(0L) + 1
             val remaining = storeSize - fromIdx
             val numElems = math.min(limit.limit.toLong, remaining)
             Seq