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Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and birth trauma

Disease Description

Case definition in GBD 2017

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) due to birth asphyxia and birth trauma, also called hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, is defined as injury to the brain in the first few moments or days of life in an infant born at term. NE has multiple aetiologies and is defined more by its symptoms -- abnormal neurological function, including reduced level of consciousness, seizures, depression of tone and reflexes, or difficulty maintaining respiration -- than its origin. NE can occur when an infant is deprived of oxygen during delivery or sustains physical trauma to the head, among other causes.

.. todo::

   Add more information about neonatal encephalopathy. Here are some informative
   links, found by googling "neonatal encephalopathy":

   - https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/neonatal-encephalopathy
   - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-neonatal-encephalopathy
   - https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/133/5/e1482
   - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_encephalopathy

Modeling neonatal encephalopathy in GBD 2017

.. todo::
   Describe GBD modeling process.

Cause Hierarchy

Cause Model Diagram

There are two possible states for this cause, with-condition, and free-of-condition:

There is no transition between the states. Thus, incidence and remission rates are zero.

Data Description

State and Transition Data Tables

State Definitions
State State Name Definition
C With Condition Infant developed encephalopathy
F Free of Condition Infant did not develop encephalopathy
State Data
State Measure Value Notes
C prevalence prevalence_c382  
C birth prevalence birth_prevalence_c382  
C excess mortality rate \frac{\text{deaths\_c382}}{\text{population} \,\times\, \text{prevalence\_c382}} = (cause-specific mortality rate) / prevalence
C disability weight \displaystyle{\sum_{s\in \text{sequelae\_c382}}} \scriptstyle{\text{disability\_weight}_s \,\times\, \text{prevalence}_s} = average disability weight over all sequelae
F prevalence 1 -- prevalence_c382  
F birth prevalence 1 -- birth_prevalence_c382  
F excess mortality rate 0  
F disability weight 0  
All cause-specific mortality rate \frac{\text{deaths\_c382}}{\text{population}}  
Transition Data
Transition Source State Sink State Value Notes
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Data Sources and Definitions
Value Source Description Notes
prevalence_c382 como Prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy  
birth_prevalence_c382 como Birth prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy age_group_id = 164 (at birth) and measure = 6 (incidence)
deaths_c382 codcorrect Deaths from neonatal encephalopathy  
population demography Mid-year population for given age/sex/year/location  
sequelae_c382 gbd_mapping List of 17 sequelae for neonatal encephalopathy  
prevalence_s{sid} como Prevalence of sequela with id sid  
disability_weight_s{sid} YLD Appendix Disability weight of sequela with id sid   
.. todo::

   Finalize heading structure and titles, once we have several sufficiently
   complete cause documents. E.g. should the title of this section be "Data
   Description" or "State and Transition Data Tables" since that's more
   descriptive? Will there be other subsections here?

Model Assumptions and Limitations

Restrictions

The following table describes any restrictions in GBD 2017 on the effects of this cause (such as being only fatal or only nonfatal), as well as restrictions on the ages and sexes to which the cause applies.

GBD 2017 Cause Restrictions
Restriction Type Value Notes
Male only False  
Female only False  
YLL only False  
YLD only False  
YLL age group start Early Neonatal [0, 7 days), age_group_id=2
YLL age group end Post Neonatal [28 days, 1 year), age_group_id=4
YLD age group start Early Neonatal [0, 7 days), age_group_id=2
YLD age group end 95 plus [95, 125 years), age_group_id=235

Scope

.. todo::

  Describe assumptions and limitations of the model.

Validation Criteria

.. todo::

  Describe tests for model validation.

References