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Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections

Disease Description

Case definition in GBD 2017

Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections are infections during the neonatal period that advance to a systemic bloodstream infection, the underlying cause of which can be meningitis, gastroenteritis, or other aetiologies. Neonatal pneumonia, however, is not included -- it is captured in the modelling of pneumonia as a separate entity.

.. todo::

   Add more information and references. In particular, find data about differences in global and
   gbd definitions, global prevalence and relation to folic acid during pregnancy.

Modeling Neonatal sepsis and other infections in GBD 2017

It is worth noting that the ICD 10 and ICD 9 codes used in non-fatal and fatal GBD models are different [GBD-2017-YLD-Capstone-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections], [GBD-2017-CoD-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections].

The codes used in both models can be found in the table below:

Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections - ICD codes
Model Type Non-fatal model Fatal model
ICD 10 P36-P36.9, P38-P39.9 P36-P36.9, P38-P39.9
ICD 10 used in Hospital/Claims Analyses K29.0-K29.00, K29.1-K29.20, P36-P36.9, P38-P39.9, P77-P78.1  
ICD 9 771, 771.4-771.89 771.4-771.9
ICD 9 used in Hospital/Claims Analyses 535.0-535.00, 535.3-535.30, 771, 771.4-771.89, 777.5-777.7   
.. todo::

   Add relevant details about neonatal sepsis and other infections modeling process from
   [GBD-2017-YLD-Capstone-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections]_ and from the
   [GBD-2017-CoD-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections]_ Appendix.

Cause Hierarchy

Neonatal sepsis GBD hierarchy diagram

Cause Model Diagram

SI cause model diagram for neonatal sepsis and other infections

Data Description

Definitions
State State Name Definition
S Susceptible Susceptible to neonatal sepsis and other infections
I Infected Infected with neonatal sepsis and other infections
States Data
State Measure Value Notes
S prevalence 1-prevalence_c383  
S birth prevalence 1-birth_prevalence_c383  
S excess mortality rate 0  
S disabilty weights 0  
I prevalence prevalence_c383  
I birth prevalence birth_prevalence_c383  
I excess mortality rate \frac{\text{deaths\_c383}}{\text{population} \times \text{prevalence\_c383}} = (cause-specific mortality rate) / prevalence
I disability weights \displaystyle{\sum_{s\in \text{sequelae\_c383}}} \scriptstyle{\text{disability\_weight}_s \,\times\, \text{prevalence}_s} = average disability weight over all sequelae
ALL cause specific mortality rate \frac{\text{deaths\_c383}}{\text{population}}  
Transition Data
Transition Source Sink Value Notes
i S I incidence_rate_m1594 Incidence rate is estimated in dismod but does not exists in como. It is set to 0 after 27 days as by definition neonatal sepsis must occur within neonatal period (0-27 days) [GBD-2017-YLD-Capstone-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections].
r I R remission_rate_m1594 Remission rate is estimated in dismod based on the average case duration assumption of two weeks [GBD-2017-YLD-Capstone-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections].
Data Sources
Measure Sources Description Notes
prevalence_c383 como Prevalence of cause neonatal sepsis and other infections  
birth_prevalence_c383 como Birth prevalence of cause neonatal sepsis and other infections  
deaths_c383 codcorrect Deaths from cause neonatal sepsis and other infections  
population demography Mid-year population for given age/sex/year/location  
sequelae_c383 gbd_mapping List of 17 sequelae for neonatal sepsis and other infections. The sequela ids are in sequence from 1250 to 1266
incidence_rate_m1594 dismod Incidence rate for modelable entity, neonatal sepsis and other infections  
remission_rate_m1594 dismod Remission rate for modelable entity, neonatal sepsis and other infections  
disability_weight_s{sid} YLD appendix Disability weight of sequela with id sid  
prevalence_s{sid} como Prevalence of sequela with id sid  

Model Assumptions and Limitations

Restrictions

The following table describes any restrictions on the effects of this cause (such as being only fatal or only nonfatal), as well as restrictions on the age and sex of simulants to which different aspects of the cause model apply.

Restrictions
Restriction Type Value Notes
Male only False  
Female only False  
YLL only False  
YLD only False  
YLL age group start Early neonatal GBD age group id 2
YLL age group end Post neonatal GBD age group id 4
YLD age group start Early neonatal GBD age group id 2
YLD age group end 95 plus GBD age group id 235 
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   Add assumptions and limitations.

Validation Criteria

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   Describe tests for model validation.

References

[GBD-2017-YLD-Capstone-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections](1, 2, 3)

Supplement to: GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1789–858 (pp. 286-289)

(Direct links to the YLD Appendix hosted on Lancet.com and ScienceDirect)
[GBD-2017-CoD-Appendix-1-Neonatal-sepsis-and-other-infections]

Supplement to: GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88 (pp. 175-176)

(Direct links to the CoD Appendix hosted on Lancet.com and ScienceDirect)