File tree Expand file tree Collapse file tree
Expand file tree Collapse file tree Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ using Symbolics
111111page = 2 d / (d^ 2 + 1 )
112112asymptotic (page, d, 5 )
113113# Output: 2/d - 2/d^3 + 2/d^5
114- # Leading 2/d → purity approaches 1/d ( maximally mixed)
114+ # Leading 2/d: purity is O( 1/d); maximally mixed would be exactly 1/d
115115```
116116
117117``` julia
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -69,13 +69,15 @@ using IntU, Symbolics
6969page_purity = 2 n / (n^ 2 + 1 )
7070asymptotic (page_purity, n, 5 )
7171# Output: 2/n - 2/n^3 + 2/n^5
72- # Leading term: 2/n → subsystem approaches maximally mixed state
72+ # Leading term: 2/n (same O(1/n) scaling as maximally mixed purity 1/n)
7373```
7474
7575> [ !NOTE]
76- > For large subsystems, the leading term $2/n$ shows the purity approaches
77- > $1/n$ (the maximally mixed value), confirming that Haar-random pure states
78- > are nearly maximally entangled — the core of Page's theorem.
76+ > For large subsystems, the purity is order $1/n$:
77+ > $\mathbb{E}[ \mathrm{tr}(\rho_A^2)] = 2/n + O(1/n^3)$ for equal bipartitions.
78+ > A maximally mixed $n$-dimensional state has purity exactly $1/n$, so this
79+ > result indicates highly mixed (and nearly maximally entangled) subsystems,
80+ > not equality with the maximally mixed value.
7981
8082## See Also
8183
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -864,9 +864,11 @@ \subsection{Asymptotic expansions}
864864# Output: 2/n - 2/n^3 + 2/n^5
865865\end {lstlisting }
866866
867- The leading term $ 2 /n$ shows that the subsystem approaches the maximally mixed
868- state (purity $ 1 /n$ ) as the dimension grows, which is the core of Page's
869- theorem: a random subsystem is nearly maximally entangled. The subleading
867+ The leading term $ 2 /n$ shows that the subsystem purity is of order $ 1 /n$ as the
868+ dimension grows. For comparison, a maximally mixed $ n$ -dimensional state has
869+ purity exactly $ 1 /n$ , so Page's law indicates highly mixed (and thus nearly
870+ maximally entangled) reduced states rather than equality with the maximally
871+ mixed value. The subleading
870872corrections $ -2 /n^3 + \cdots $ quantify the finite-size deviations from
871873maximal entanglement. Such expansions automate the derivation of scaling laws
872874where manual simplification of the underlying Weingarten sums would be
You can’t perform that action at this time.
0 commit comments