Locale_Cache.swift

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2022 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
internal import _ForSwiftFoundation
import CoreFoundation
internal import CoreFoundation_Private.CFNotificationCenter
internal import os
#endif

internal import _FoundationCShims

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK && canImport(_FoundationICU)
// Here, we always have access to _LocaleICU
internal func _localeICUClass() -> _LocaleProtocol.Type {
    _LocaleICU.self
}
#else
dynamic package func _localeICUClass() -> _LocaleProtocol.Type {
    // Return _LocaleUnlocalized if FoundationInternationalization isn't loaded. The `Locale` initializers are not failable, so we just fall back to the unlocalized type when needed without failure.
    _LocaleUnlocalized.self
}
#endif

/// Singleton which listens for notifications about preference changes for Locale and holds cached singletons.
struct LocaleCache : Sendable, ~Copyable {
    // MARK: - State

    struct State {

        init() {
#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
            // For Foundation.framework, we listen for system notifications about the system Locale changing from the Darwin notification center.
            _CFNotificationCenterInitializeDependentNotificationIfNecessary(CFNotificationName.cfLocaleCurrentLocaleDidChange!.rawValue)
#endif
        }

        private var cachedFixedLocales: [String : any _LocaleProtocol] = [:]
        private var cachedFixedComponentsLocales: [String /*ICU identifier*/: any _LocaleProtocol] = [:]

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
        private var cachedFixedIdentifierToNSLocales: [String : _NSSwiftLocale] = [:]

        struct IdentifierAndPrefs : Hashable {
            let identifier: String
            let prefs: LocalePreferences?
        }

        private var cachedFixedLocaleToNSLocales: [IdentifierAndPrefs : _NSSwiftLocale] = [:]
#endif

        mutating func fixed(_ id: String) -> any _LocaleProtocol {
            // Note: Even if the currentLocale's identifier is the same, currentLocale may have preference overrides which are not reflected in the identifier itself.
            if let locale = cachedFixedLocales[id] {
                return locale
            } else {
                let locale = _localeICUClass().init(identifier: id, prefs: nil)
                cachedFixedLocales[id] = locale
                return locale
            }
        }

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
        mutating func fixedNSLocale(identifier id: String) -> _NSSwiftLocale {
            if let locale = cachedFixedIdentifierToNSLocales[id] {
                return locale
            } else {
                let inner = Locale(inner: fixed(id))
                let locale = _NSSwiftLocale(inner)
                // We have found ObjC clients that rely upon an immortal lifetime for these `Locale`s, so we do not clear this cache.
                cachedFixedIdentifierToNSLocales[id] = locale
                return locale
            }
        }

#if canImport(_FoundationICU)
        mutating func fixedNSLocale(_ locale: _LocaleICU) -> _NSSwiftLocale {
            let id = IdentifierAndPrefs(identifier: locale.identifier, prefs: locale.prefs)
            if let locale = cachedFixedLocaleToNSLocales[id] {
                return locale
            } else {
                let inner = Locale(inner: locale)
                let nsLocale = _NSSwiftLocale(inner)
                // We have found ObjC clients that rely upon an immortal lifetime for these `Locale`s, so we do not clear this cache.
                cachedFixedLocaleToNSLocales[id] = nsLocale
                return nsLocale
            }
        }
#endif

#endif // FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK

        mutating func fixedComponentsWithCache(_ comps: Locale.Components) -> any _LocaleProtocol {
            let identifier = comps.icuIdentifier
            if let l = cachedFixedComponentsLocales[identifier] {
                return l
            } else {
                let new = _localeICUClass().init(components: comps)

                cachedFixedComponentsLocales[identifier] = new
                return new
            }
        }
    }

    let lock: LockedState<State>

    static let cache = LocaleCache()
    private let _currentCache = LockedState<(any _LocaleProtocol)?>(initialState: nil)

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
    private var _currentNSCache = LockedState<_NSSwiftLocale?>(initialState: nil)
#endif

    fileprivate init() {
        lock = LockedState(initialState: State())
    }


    /// For testing of `autoupdatingCurrent` only. If you want to test `current`, create a custom `Locale` with the appropriate settings using `localeAsIfCurrent(name:overrides:disableBundleMatching:)` and use that instead.
    /// This mutates global state of the current locale, so it is not safe to use in concurrent testing.
    func resetCurrent(to preferences: LocalePreferences) {
        // Disable bundle matching so we can emulate a non-English main bundle during test
        let newLocale = _localeICUClass().init(name: nil, prefs: preferences, disableBundleMatching: true)
        _currentCache.withLock {
            $0 = newLocale
        }
#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
        _currentNSCache.withLock { $0 = nil }
#endif
    }

    func reset() {
        _currentCache.withLock { $0 = nil }
#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
        _currentNSCache.withLock { $0 = nil }
#endif
    }

    var current: any _LocaleProtocol {
        return _currentAndCache.locale
    }

    fileprivate var _currentAndCache: (locale: any _LocaleProtocol, doCache: Bool) {
        if let result = _currentCache.withLock({ $0 }) {
            return (result, true)
        }

        // We need to fetch prefs and try again
        let (preferences, doCache) = preferences()
        let locale = _localeICUClass().init(name: nil, prefs: preferences, disableBundleMatching: false)

        // It's possible this was an 'incomplete locale', in which case we will want to calculate it again later.
        if doCache {
            return _currentCache.withLock {
                if let current = $0 {
                    // Someone beat us to setting it - use existing one
                    return (current, true)
                } else {
                    $0 = locale
                    return (locale, true)
                }
            }
        } else {
            return (locale, false)
        }
    }

    // MARK: Singletons

    // This value is immutable, so we can share one instance for the whole process.
    static let unlocalized = _LocaleUnlocalized(identifier: "en_001")

    // This value is immutable, so we can share one instance for the whole process.
    static let autoupdatingCurrent = _LocaleAutoupdating()

    static let system : any _LocaleProtocol = {
        _localeICUClass().init(identifier: "", prefs: nil)
    }()

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
    static let autoupdatingCurrentNSLocale : _NSSwiftLocale = {
        _NSSwiftLocale(Locale(inner: autoupdatingCurrent))
    }()

    static let systemNSLocale : _NSSwiftLocale = {
        _NSSwiftLocale(Locale(inner: system))
    }()
#endif

    // MARK: -

    func fixed(_ id: String) -> any _LocaleProtocol {
        lock.withLock {
            $0.fixed(id)
        }
    }

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
    func fixedNSLocale(identifier id: String) -> _NSSwiftLocale {
        lock.withLock { $0.fixedNSLocale(identifier: id) }
    }

#if canImport(_FoundationICU)
    func fixedNSLocale(_ locale: _LocaleICU) -> _NSSwiftLocale {
        lock.withLock { $0.fixedNSLocale(locale) }
    }
#endif

    func currentNSLocale() -> _NSSwiftLocale {
        if let result = _currentNSCache.withLock({ $0 }) {
            return result
        }

        // Create the current _NSSwiftLocale, based on the current Swift Locale.
        // n.b. do not call just `current` here; instead, use `_currentAndCache`
        // so that the caching status is honored
        let (current, doCache) = _currentAndCache
        let nsLocale = _NSSwiftLocale(Locale(inner: current))

        if doCache {
            return _currentNSCache.withLock {
                if let current = $0 {
                    // Someone beat us to setting it, use that one
                    return current
                } else {
                    $0 = nsLocale
                    return nsLocale
                }
            }
        } else {
            return nsLocale
        }
    }

#endif // FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK

    func fixedComponents(_ comps: Locale.Components) -> any _LocaleProtocol {
        lock.withLock { $0.fixedComponentsWithCache(comps) }
    }

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK && !NO_CFPREFERENCES
    func preferences() -> (LocalePreferences, Bool) {
        // On Darwin, we check the current user preferences for Locale values
        var wouldDeadlock: DarwinBoolean = false
        let cfPrefs = __CFXPreferencesCopyCurrentApplicationStateWithDeadlockAvoidance(&wouldDeadlock).takeRetainedValue()

        var prefs = LocalePreferences()
        prefs.apply(cfPrefs)

        if wouldDeadlock.boolValue {
            // Don't cache a locale built with incomplete prefs
            return (prefs, false)
        } else {
            return (prefs, true)
        }
    }

    func preferredLanguages(forCurrentUser: Bool) -> [String] {
        var languages: [String] = []
        if forCurrentUser {
            languages = CFPreferencesCopyValue("AppleLanguages" as CFString, kCFPreferencesAnyApplication, kCFPreferencesCurrentUser, kCFPreferencesAnyHost) as? [String] ?? []
        } else {
            languages = CFPreferencesCopyAppValue("AppleLanguages" as CFString, kCFPreferencesCurrentApplication) as? [String] ?? []
        }

        return languages.compactMap {
            Locale.canonicalLanguageIdentifier(from: $0)
        }
    }

    func preferredLocale() -> String? {
        guard let preferredLocaleID = CFPreferencesCopyAppValue("AppleLocale" as CFString, kCFPreferencesCurrentApplication) as? String else {
            return nil
        }
        return preferredLocaleID
    }
#else
    func preferences() -> (LocalePreferences, Bool) {
        var prefs = LocalePreferences()
        prefs.locale = "en_001"
        prefs.languages = ["en-001"]
        return (prefs, true)
    }

    func preferredLanguages(forCurrentUser: Bool) -> [String] {
        [Locale.canonicalLanguageIdentifier(from: "en-001")]
    }

    func preferredLocale() -> String? {
        "en_001"
    }
#endif

#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK && !NO_CFPREFERENCES
    /// This returns an instance of `Locale` that's set up exactly like it would be if the user changed the current locale to that identifier, set the preferences keys in the overrides dictionary, then called `current`.
    func localeAsIfCurrent(name: String?, cfOverrides: CFDictionary? = nil, disableBundleMatching: Bool = false) -> Locale {

        var (prefs, _) = preferences()
        if let cfOverrides { prefs.apply(cfOverrides) }

        let inner = _LocaleICU(name: name, prefs: prefs, disableBundleMatching: disableBundleMatching)
        return Locale(inner: inner)
    }
#endif

    /// This returns an instance of `Locale` that's set up exactly like it would be if the user changed the current locale to that identifier, set the preferences keys in the overrides dictionary, then called `current`.
    func localeAsIfCurrent(name: String?, overrides: LocalePreferences? = nil, disableBundleMatching: Bool = false) -> Locale {
        var (prefs, _) = preferences()
        if let overrides { prefs.apply(overrides) }

        let inner = _localeICUClass().init(name: name, prefs: prefs, disableBundleMatching: disableBundleMatching)
        return Locale(inner: inner)
    }

    func localeWithPreferences(identifier: String, prefs: LocalePreferences?) -> Locale {
        if let prefs {
            let inner = _localeICUClass().init(identifier: identifier, prefs: prefs)
            return Locale(inner: inner)
        } else {
            return Locale(inner: LocaleCache.cache.fixed(identifier))
        }
    }

    func localeAsIfCurrentWithBundleLocalizations(_ availableLocalizations: [String], allowsMixedLocalizations: Bool) -> Locale? {
#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK && canImport(_FoundationICU)
        guard !allowsMixedLocalizations else {
            let (prefs, _) = preferences()
            let inner = _LocaleICU(name: nil, prefs: prefs, disableBundleMatching: true)
            return Locale(inner: inner)
        }

        let preferredLanguages = preferredLanguages(forCurrentUser: false)
        guard let preferredLocaleID = preferredLocale() else { return nil }

        let canonicalizedLocalizations = availableLocalizations.compactMap { Locale.canonicalLanguageIdentifier(from: $0) }
        let identifier = Locale.localeIdentifierForCanonicalizedLocalizations(canonicalizedLocalizations, preferredLanguages: preferredLanguages, preferredLocaleID: preferredLocaleID)
        guard let identifier else {
            return nil
        }

        let (prefs, _) = preferences()
        let inner = _LocaleICU(identifier: identifier, prefs: prefs)
        return Locale(inner: inner)
#else
        // No way to canonicalize on this platform
        return nil
#endif
    }
}