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# Fire and Smoke Detection in EV using Arduino
## 1. Introduction
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming the backbone of modern transportation because of their eco-friendly nature and reduced dependency on fossil fuels.
Despite these advantages, EVs face critical safety challenges such as battery overheating, short circuits, and cabin smoke. Fire accidents in EVs have been reported worldwide, raising concerns about passenger safety.
This project proposes a **low-cost Arduino-based fire and smoke detection system** for EVs. By using sensors like MQ-2 (smoke) and DHT11 (temperature), the system continuously monitors the environment inside the vehicle and triggers an alarm when dangerous conditions are detected.
---
## 2. Objectives
- Detect smoke concentration inside EV cabins using MQ-2 sensor.
- Monitor temperature levels to identify overheating using DHT11 sensor.
- Trigger buzzer/alarm when thresholds are exceeded.
- Provide real-time monitoring via Arduino Serial Monitor.
- Enhance EV passenger safety with minimal cost and easy integration.
---
## 3. Components Required
- Arduino Uno (Microcontroller)
- MQ-2 Smoke Sensor
- DHT11 Temperature Sensor
- Buzzer
- Breadboard
- Jumper Wires
- Power Supply
---
## 4. Circuit Diagram
- MQ-2 sensor → Analog pin A0
- DHT11 sensor → Analog pin A1
- Buzzer → Digital pin D8
- Arduino powered via USB/external supply
---
## 5. Working Principle
1. MQ-2 sensor detects smoke concentration.
2. DHT11 sensor measures temperature.
3. Arduino continuously reads sensor values.
4. If smoke > 300 OR temperature > 400 (analog value):
- Buzzer is activated.
- Alert message displayed on Serial Monitor.
5. Otherwise, system remains in monitoring mode.
---
## 6. Testing
- Simulated smoke using incense stick near MQ-2 sensor.
- Increased temperature using heat source near DHT11.
- Verified buzzer activation and Serial Monitor alerts.
---
## 7. Results
- Smoke levels above 300 units trigger alarm.
- Temperature above 400 analog value trigger alarm.
- System successfully alerts passengers in real-time.
---
## 8. Advantages
- Low-cost implementation.
- Easy to integrate with EV systems.
- Real-time monitoring.
- Expandable for IoT integration.
---
## 9. Limitations
- Limited to cabin-level detection.
- Threshold values may vary with environment.
- Requires calibration for accuracy.
---
## 10. Applications
- EV cabin monitoring.
- Battery compartment safety.
- Public transport EVs.
- Smart fire safety systems.
---
## 11. Future Scope
- IoT integration for remote alerts via mobile app.
- Automatic fire suppression system.
- Cloud-based monitoring dashboard.
- Integration with EV battery management system.
---
## 12. Conclusion
This project enhances EV safety by providing real-time fire and smoke detection.
It is a simple, low-cost solution that can save lives and prevent accidents.
Future improvements like IoT integration and automatic suppression will make the system even more powerful and reliable.
---
## 13. References
- Arduino Documentation
- MQ-2 Sensor Datasheet
- DHT11 Sensor Datasheet
- Research papers on EV fire safety