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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.20">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Jenkinson">
<title>cmt: Container Managed Transactions (CMT)</title>
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>cmt: Container Managed Transactions (CMT)</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Tom Jenkinson</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="quoteblock abstract">
<blockquote>
The <code>cmt</code> quickstart demonstrates Container-Managed Transactions (CMT), showing how to use transactions managed by the container.
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_what_is_it">What is it?</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>cmt</code> quickstart demonstrates how to use container-managed transactions (CMT), which are transactions managed by the container in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform. It is a fairly typical scenario of updating a database and sending a JMS message in the same transaction. A simple MDB is provided that prints out the message sent but this is not a transactional MDB and is purely provided for debugging purposes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Aspects touched upon in the code:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>XA transaction control using the container managed transaction annotations</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>XA access to the standard default datasource using the JPA API</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>XA access to a JMS queue</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_are_container_managed_transactions">What are Container Managed Transactions?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Prior to EJB, getting the right incantation to ensure sound transactional operation of the business logic was a highly specialized skill. Although this still holds true to a great extent, EJB has provided a series of improvements to allow simplified transaction demarcation notation that is therefore easier to read and test.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>With CMT, the EJB container sets the boundaries of a transaction. This differs from BMT (bean-managed transactions), where the developer is responsible for initiating and completing a transaction using the <code>begin</code>, <code>commit</code>, and <code>rollback</code> methods on a <code>jakarta.transaction.UserTransaction</code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_makes_this_an_example_of_container_managed_transactions">What Makes This an Example of Container Managed Transactions?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Take a look at <code>org.jboss.as.quickstarts.cmt.ejb.CustomerManagerEJB</code>. You can see that this stateless session bean has been marked up with the <code>@jakarta.ejb.TransactionAttribute</code> annotation.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following options are available for this annotation.</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">Required</dt>
<dd>
<p>As demonstrated in the quickstart. If a transaction does not already exist, this will initiate a transaction and complete it for you, otherwise the business logic will be integrated into the existing transaction.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">RequiresNew</dt>
<dd>
<p>If there is already a transaction running, it will be suspended, the work performed within a new transaction which is completed at exit of the method and then the original transaction resumed.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Mandatory</dt>
<dd>
<p>If there is no transaction running, calling a business method with this annotation will result in an error.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">NotSupported</dt>
<dd>
<p>If there is a transaction running, it will be suspended and no transaction will be initiated for this business method.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Supports</dt>
<dd>
<p>This will run the method within a transaction if a transaction exists, alternatively, if there is no transaction running, the method will not be executed within the scope of a transaction.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Never</dt>
<dd>
<p>If the client has a transaction running and does not suspend it but calls a method annotated with Never then an EJB exception will be raised.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="considerations_for_use_in_a_production_environment">Considerations for Use in a Production Environment</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">H2 Database</dt>
<dd>
<p>This quickstart uses the H2 database included with Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1. It is a lightweight, relational example datasource that is used for examples only. It is not robust or scalable, is not supported, and should NOT be used in a production environment.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="system_requirements">System Requirements</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The application this project produces is designed to be run on Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 or later.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>All you need to build this project is Java SE 17.0 or later, and Maven 3.6.0 or later. See <a href="https://github.com/jboss-developer/jboss-developer-shared-resources/blob/master/guides/CONFIGURE_MAVEN_JBOSS_EAP.adoc#configure_maven_to_build_and_deploy_the_quickstarts">Configure Maven to Build and Deploy the Quickstarts</a> to make sure you are configured correctly for testing the quickstarts.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="use_of_jboss_home_name">Use of the EAP_HOME and QUICKSTART_HOME Variables</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the following instructions, replace <code><em>EAP_HOME</em></code> with the actual path to your JBoss EAP installation. The installation path is described in detail here: <a href="https://github.com/jboss-developer/jboss-developer-shared-resources/blob/master/guides/USE_OF_EAP_HOME.adoc#use_of_product_home_and_jboss_home_variables">Use of <em>EAP_HOME</em> and <em>JBOSS_HOME</em> Variables</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When you see the replaceable variable <em>QUICKSTART_HOME</em>, replace it with the path to the root directory of all of the quickstarts.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="build_and_run_the_quickstart_with_server_dist">Building and running the quickstart application with a JBoss EAP server distribution</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="start_the_eap_standalone_server">Start the JBoss EAP Standalone Server</h3>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Open a terminal and navigate to the root of the JBoss EAP directory.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Start the JBoss EAP server with the full profile by typing the following command.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ <em>EAP_HOME</em>/bin/standalone.sh -c standalone-full.xml</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
For Windows, use the <code><em>EAP_HOME</em>\bin\standalone.bat</code> script.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="build_and_deploy_the_quickstart">Build and Deploy the Quickstart</h3>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Make sure JBoss EAP server is started.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Open a terminal and navigate to the root directory of this quickstart.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Type the following command to build the quickstart.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn clean package</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Type the following command to deploy the quickstart.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn wildfly:deploy</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This deploys the <code>cmt/target/cmt.war</code> to the running instance of the server.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You should see a message in the server log indicating that the archive deployed successfully.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_access_the_application">Access the Application</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The application will be running at the following URL: <a href="http://localhost:8080/cmt/" class="bare">http://localhost:8080/cmt/</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You are presented with a simple form for adding customers to a database.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>After a customer is successfully added to the database, a message is produced containing the details of the customer. An example MDB dequeues this message and print the following contents.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>Received Message: Created invoice for customer named: Jack</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If an existing customer name is provided, no JMS message is sent. Instead of the above message, a duplicate warning is displayed.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The customer name should match: letter & '-', otherwise an error is given. This is to show that a <code>LogMessage</code> entity is still stored in the database. That is because the <code>logCreateCustomer</code> method in the <code>LogMessageManagerEJB</code> EJB is decorated with the <code>@TransactionAttribute(TransactionAttributeType.REQUIRES_NEW)</code> annotation.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="run_the_integration_tests_with_server_distribution">Run the Integration Tests</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This quickstart includes integration tests, which are located under the <code>src/test/</code> directory. The integration tests verify that the quickstart runs correctly when deployed on the server.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Follow these steps to run the integration tests.</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Make sure JBoss EAP server is started.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Make sure the quickstart is deployed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Type the following command to run the <code>verify</code> goal with the <code>integration-testing</code> profile activated.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn verify -Pintegration-testing </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="undeploy_the_quickstart">Undeploy the Quickstart</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When you are finished testing the quickstart, follow these steps to undeploy the archive.</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Make sure JBoss EAP server is started.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Open a terminal and navigate to the root directory of this quickstart.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Type this command to undeploy the archive:</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn wildfly:undeploy</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="build_and_run_the_quickstart_with_provisioned_server">Building and running the quickstart application with provisioned JBoss EAP server</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instead of using a standard JBoss EAP server distribution, you can alternatively provision a JBoss EAP server to deploy and run the quickstart. The functionality is provided by the WildFly Maven Plugin, and you may find its configuration in the quickstart <code>pom.xml</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><profile>
<id>provisioned-server</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jboss.eap.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>eap-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
...
<feature-packs>
<feature-pack>
<location>org.jboss.eap:wildfly-ee-galleon-pack</location>
</feature-pack>
...
</feature-packs>
<layers>...</layers>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>package</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
...
</plugins>
</build>
</profile></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When built, the provisioned JBoss EAP server can be found in the <code>target/server</code> directory, and its usage is similar to a standard server distribution, with the simplification that there is never the need to specify the server configuration to be started.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Follow these steps to run the quickstart using the provisioned server.</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<div class="title">Procedure</div>
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Make sure the server is provisioned.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn clean package</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Start the JBoss EAP provisioned server, using the WildFly Maven Plugin <code>start</code> goal.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn wildfly:start </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Type the following command to run the integration tests.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn verify -Pintegration-testing </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Shut down the JBoss EAP provisioned server.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn wildfly:shutdown</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="build_and_run_the_quickstart_on_openshift">Building and running the quickstart application with OpenShift</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="build-the-quickstart-for-openshift">Build the JBoss EAP Source-to-Image (S2I) Quickstart to OpenShift with Helm Charts</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>On OpenShift, the S2I build with Apache Maven uses an <code>openshift</code> Maven profile to provision a JBoss EAP server, deploy and run the quickstart in OpenShift environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The server provisioning functionality is provided by the EAP Maven Plugin, and you may find its configuration in the quickstart <code>pom.xml</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><profile>
<id>openshift</id>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jboss.eap.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>eap-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
...
<feature-packs>
<feature-pack>
<location>org.jboss.eap:wildfly-ee-galleon-pack</location>
</feature-pack>
<feature-pack>
<location>org.jboss.eap.cloud:eap-cloud-galleon-pack</location>
</feature-pack>
</feature-packs>
<layers>...</layers>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>package</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
...
</plugins>
</build>
</profile></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You may note that it uses the cloud feature pack which enables a configuration tuned for the OpenShift environment.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="getting_started_with_helm">Getting Started with JBoss EAP for OpenShift and Helm Charts</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This section contains the basic instructions to build and deploy this quickstart to JBoss EAP for OpenShift or JBoss EAP for OpenShift Online using Helm Charts.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="prerequisites_helm_openshift">Prerequisites</h4>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>You must be logged in OpenShift and have an <code>oc</code> client to connect to OpenShift</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://helm.sh">Helm</a> must be installed to deploy the backend on OpenShift.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Once you have installed Helm, you need to add the repository that provides Helm Charts for JBoss EAP.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ helm repo add jboss-eap https://jbossas.github.io/eap-charts/
"jboss-eap" has been added to your repositories
$ helm search repo jboss-eap
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
jboss-eap/eap81 ... ... A Helm chart to build and deploy EAP 8.1 applications</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="deploy_helm">Deploy the JBoss EAP Source-to-Image (S2I) Quickstart to OpenShift with Helm Charts</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Log in to your OpenShift instance using the <code>oc login</code> command.
The backend will be built and deployed on OpenShift with a Helm Chart for JBoss EAP.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Navigate to the root directory of this quickstart and run the following command:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ helm install cmt -f charts/helm.yaml jboss-eap/eap81 --wait --timeout=10m0s
NAME: cmt
...
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This command will return once the application has successfully deployed. In case of a timeout, you can check the status of the application with the following command in another terminal:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>oc get deployment cmt</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Helm Chart for this quickstart contains all the information to build an image from the source code using S2I on Java 17:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">build:
uri: https://github.com/jboss-developer/jboss-eap-quickstarts.git
ref: 8.1.x
contextDir: cmt
deploy:
replicas: 1</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This will create a new deployment on OpenShift and deploy the application.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you want to see all the configuration elements to customize your deployment you can use the following command:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ helm show readme jboss-eap/eap81</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Get the URL of the route to the deployment.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ oc get route cmt -o jsonpath="{.spec.host}"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Access the application in your web browser using the displayed URL.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="run_the_integration_tests_with_openshift">Run the Integration Tests with OpenShift</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The integration tests included with this quickstart, which verify that the quickstart runs correctly, may also be run with the quickstart running on OpenShift.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The integration tests expect a deployed application, so make sure you have deployed the quickstart on OpenShift before you begin.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Run the integration tests using the following command to run the <code>verify</code> goal with the <code>integration-testing</code> profile activated and the proper URL:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ mvn verify -Pintegration-testing -Dserver.host=https://$(oc get route cmt --template='{{ .spec.host }}') </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The tests are using SSL to connect to the quickstart running on OpenShift. So you need the certificates to be trusted by the machine the tests are run from.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="undeploy_helm">Undeploy the JBoss EAP Source-to-Image (S2I) Quickstart from OpenShift with Helm Charts</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight nowrap"><code>$ helm uninstall cmt</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2025-08-05 09:29:21 UTC
</div>