I am running Manjaro (Arch) Linux with 4.18.0-1 kernel. I tried setting my environment vars and ./configure to use gcc, g++, and cpp 8.1.1+20180531-1 and 7.3.1+20180406-2 and with both I got the same errors mentioned here. I also tried 5.4.1-1 but got a different error, I didn't save the logs in that case.
The 8.1.1 and 7.3.1 errors occur during the pass 2 core C gcc compile step. They all seem to be with the wide-int.h header file for gcc-5.2.0. Errors include, but are not limited to:
error: too many template-parameter-lists
error: invalid use of incomplete type 'struct wi::int_traits<generic_wide_int >'
error: no type named 'result_type' in 'struct wi::unary_traits<generic_wide_int<wide_int_storage> >'
error: incomplete type 'wi::int_traits<generic_wide_int<trailing_wide_int_storage> >' used in nested name specifier
...and other similar errors.
I turned debug logging on with verbosity at the highest possible level - the build.log is attached in a .zip file. It expands to just over 10MB. This is from host gcc version 7.3.1.
esp32-crosstoolng-build-debugenabled.zip