git-fat

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- mode:python -*-

from __future__ import print_function, with_statement

import sys
import hashlib
import tempfile
import os
import subprocess
import shlex
import shutil
import itertools
import threading
import time
import collections

if not type(sys.version_info) is tuple and sys.version_info.major > 2:
    sys.stderr.write('git-fat does not support Python-3 yet.  Please use python2.\n')
    sys.exit(1)

try:
    from subprocess import check_output
    del check_output
except ImportError:
    def backport_check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
        r"""Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.

        Backported from Python 2.7 as it's implemented as pure python on stdlib.

        >>> check_output(['/usr/bin/python', '--version'])
        Python 2.6.2
        """
        process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
        output, unused_err = process.communicate()
        retcode = process.poll()
        if retcode:
            cmd = kwargs.get("args")
            if cmd is None:
                cmd = popenargs[0]
            error = subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
            error.output = output
            raise error
        return output
    subprocess.check_output = backport_check_output

BLOCK_SIZE = 4096

def which(program):
    def is_exe(fpath):
        return os.path.isfile(fpath) and os.access(fpath, os.X_OK)

    fpath, fname = os.path.split(program)
    if fpath:
        if is_exe(program):
            return program
    else:
        for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep):
            exe_file = os.path.join(path, program)
            if is_exe(exe_file):
                return exe_file

    return None


def verbose_stderr(*args, **kwargs):
    return print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs)
def verbose_ignore(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

def mkdir_p(path):
    import errno
    try:
        os.makedirs(path)
    except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5
        if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
            pass
        else: raise

def umask():
    """Get umask without changing it."""
    old = os.umask(0)
    os.umask(old)
    return old

def readblocks(stream):
    bytes = 0
    while True:
        data = stream.read(BLOCK_SIZE)
        bytes += len(data)
        if not data:
            break
        yield data
def cat_iter(initer, outstream):
    for block in initer:
        outstream.write(block)
def cat(instream, outstream):
    return cat_iter(readblocks(instream), outstream)
def difftreez_reader(input):
    """Incremental reader for git diff-tree -z output

    :oldmode newmode oldsha1 newsha1 modflag\0filename\0:oldmode newmode ...
    """
    buffer = []
    partial = ''
    while True:
        newread = input.read(BLOCK_SIZE)
        if not newread:
            break
        partial += newread
        while True:
            head, sep, partial = partial.partition('\0')
            if not sep:
                partial = head
                break
            buffer.append(head)
            if len(buffer) == 2:
                oldmode, newmode, oldhash, newhash, modflag = buffer[0].split()
                path = buffer[1]
                yield (newhash, modflag, path)
                buffer = []
def gitconfig_get(name, file=None):
    args = ['git', 'config', '--get']
    if file is not None:
        args += ['--file', file]
    args.append(name)
    p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    output = p.communicate()[0].strip()
    if p.returncode and file is None:
        return None
    elif p.returncode:
        return gitconfig_get(name)
    else:
        return output
def gitconfig_set(name, value, file=None):
    args = ['git', 'config']
    if file is not None:
        args += ['--file', file]
    args += [name, value]
    p = subprocess.check_call(args)

class GitFat(object):
    DecodeError = RuntimeError
    def __init__(self):
        self.verbose = verbose_stderr if os.environ.get('GIT_FAT_VERBOSE') else verbose_ignore
        try:
            self.gitroot = subprocess.check_output('git rev-parse --show-toplevel'.split()).strip()
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            sys.exit(1)
        self.gitdir = subprocess.check_output('git rev-parse --git-dir'.split()).strip()
        self.objdir = os.path.join(self.gitdir, 'fat', 'objects')
        if os.environ.get('GIT_FAT_VERSION') == '1':
            self.encode = self.encode_v1
        else:
            self.encode = self.encode_v2
        def magiclen(enc):
            return len(enc(hashlib.sha1('dummy').hexdigest(), 5))
        self.magiclen = magiclen(self.encode) # Current version
        self.magiclens = [magiclen(enc) for enc in [self.encode_v1, self.encode_v2]] # All prior versions
    def setup(self):
        mkdir_p(self.objdir)
    def is_init_done(self):
        return gitconfig_get('filter.fat.clean') or gitconfig_get('filter.fat.smudge')
    def assert_init_done(self):
        if not self.is_init_done():
            sys.stderr.write('fatal: git-fat is not yet configured in this repository.\n')
            sys.stderr.write('Run "git fat init" to configure.\n')
            sys.exit(1)
    def get_rsync(self):
        cfgpath   = os.path.join(self.gitroot,'.gitfat')
        remote    = gitconfig_get('rsync.remote', file=cfgpath)
        ssh_port  = gitconfig_get('rsync.sshport', file=cfgpath)
        ssh_user  = gitconfig_get('rsync.sshuser', file=cfgpath)
        options   = gitconfig_get('rsync.options', file=cfgpath)
        if remote is None:
            raise RuntimeError('No rsync.remote in %s' % cfgpath)
        return remote, ssh_port, ssh_user, options

    def get_aws_cmd(self, push, s3_bucket):
        if not which('aws'):
            sys.stderr.write('Could not find aws cli install.\n')
            sys.exit(1)

        if not s3_bucket.startswith('s3://'):
            s3_bucket = "s3://{}".format(s3_bucket)

        if push:
            cmd = [
                "aws",
                "s3",
                "sync",
                self.objdir + "/",
                s3_bucket + "/"
            ]
        else:
            cmd = [
                "aws",
                "s3",
                "sync",
                s3_bucket + "/",
                self.objdir + "/"
            ]
        return cmd

    def get_rsync_command(self,push):
        cfgpath = os.path.join(self.gitroot,'.gitfat')
        s3_bucket = gitconfig_get('s3.bucket', file=cfgpath)
        if s3_bucket:
            return self.get_aws_cmd(push, s3_bucket)
        (remote, ssh_port, ssh_user, options) = self.get_rsync()
        if push:
            self.verbose('Pushing to %s' % (remote))
        else:
            self.verbose('Pulling from %s' % (remote))

        cmd = ['rsync', '--progress', '--ignore-existing', '--from0', '--files-from=-']
        rshopts = ''
        if ssh_user:
            rshopts += ' -l ' + ssh_user
        if ssh_port:
            rshopts += ' -p ' + ssh_port
        if rshopts:
            cmd.append('--rsh=ssh' + rshopts)
        if options:
            cmd += options.split(' ')
        if push:
            cmd += [self.objdir + '/', remote + '/']
        else:
            cmd += [remote + '/', self.objdir + '/']
        return cmd
    def revparse(self, revname):
        return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', revname]).strip()
    def encode_v1(self, digest, bytes):
        'Produce legacy representation of file to be stored in repository.'
        return '#$# git-fat %s\n' % (digest,)
    def encode_v2(self, digest, bytes):
        'Produce representation of file to be stored in repository. 20 characters can hold 64-bit integers.'
        return '#$# git-fat %s %20d\n' % (digest, bytes)
    def decode(self, string, noraise=False):
        cookie = '#$# git-fat '
        if string.startswith(cookie):
            parts = string[len(cookie):].split()
            digest = parts[0]
            bytes = int(parts[1]) if len(parts) > 1 else None
            return digest, bytes
        elif noraise:
            return None, None
        else:
            raise GitFat.DecodeError('Could not decode %s' % (string))
    def decode_stream(self, stream):
        'Return digest if git-fat cache, otherwise return iterator over entire file contents'
        preamble = stream.read(self.magiclen)
        try:
            return self.decode(preamble)
        except GitFat.DecodeError:
            # Not sure if this is the right behavior
            return itertools.chain([preamble], readblocks(stream)), None
    def decode_file(self, fname):
        # Fast check
        try:
            stat = os.lstat(fname)
        except OSError:
            return False, None
        if stat.st_size != self.magiclen:
            return False, None
        # read file
        try:
            digest, bytes = self.decode_stream(open(fname))
        except IOError:
            return False, None
        if isinstance(digest, str):
            return digest, bytes
        else:
            return None, bytes
    def decode_clean(self, body):
        '''
        Attempt to decode version in working tree. The tree version could be changed to have a more
        useful message than the machine-readable copy that goes into the repository. If the tree
        version decodes successfully, it indicates that the fat data is not currently available in
        this repository.
        '''
        digest, bytes = self.decode(body, noraise=True)
        return digest
    def filter_clean(self, instream, outstreamclean):
        h = hashlib.new('sha1')
        bytes = 0
        fd, tmpname = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=self.objdir)
        try:
            ishanging = False
            cached = False                # changes to True when file is cached
            with os.fdopen(fd, 'w') as cache:
                outstream = cache
                firstblock = True
                for block in readblocks(instream):
                    if firstblock:
                        if len(block) == self.magiclen and self.decode_clean(block[0:self.magiclen]):
                            ishanging = True              # Working tree version is verbatim from repository (not smudged)
                            outstream = outstreamclean
                        firstblock = False
                    h.update(block)
                    bytes += len(block)
                    outstream.write(block)
                outstream.flush()
            digest = h.hexdigest()
            objfile = os.path.join(self.objdir, digest)
            if not ishanging:
                if os.path.exists(objfile):
                    self.verbose('git-fat filter-clean: cache already exists %s' % objfile)
                    os.remove(tmpname)
                else:
                    # Set permissions for the new file using the current umask
                    os.chmod(tmpname, int('444', 8) & ~umask())
                    os.rename(tmpname, objfile)
                    self.verbose('git-fat filter-clean: caching to %s' % objfile)
                cached = True
                outstreamclean.write(self.encode(digest, bytes))
        finally:
            if not cached:
                os.remove(tmpname)

    def cmd_filter_clean(self):
        '''
        The clean filter runs when a file is added to the index. It gets the "smudged" (tree)
        version of the file on stdin and produces the "clean" (repository) version on stdout.
        '''
        self.setup()
        self.filter_clean(sys.stdin, sys.stdout)

    def cmd_filter_smudge(self):
        self.setup()
        result, bytes = self.decode_stream(sys.stdin)
        if isinstance(result, str):       # We got a digest
            objfile = os.path.join(self.objdir, result)
            try:
                cat(open(objfile), sys.stdout)
                self.verbose('git-fat filter-smudge: restoring from %s' % objfile)
            except IOError:                 # file not found
                self.verbose('git-fat filter-smudge: fat object missing %s' % objfile)
                sys.stdout.write(self.encode(result, bytes))   # could leave a better notice about how to recover this file
        else:                             # We have an iterable over the original input.
            self.verbose('git-fat filter-smudge: not a managed file')
            cat_iter(result, sys.stdout)
    def catalog_objects(self):
        return set(os.listdir(self.objdir))
    def referenced_objects(self, rev=None, all=False):
        referenced = set()
        if all:
            rev = '--all'
        elif rev is None:
            rev = self.revparse('HEAD')
        # Revision list gives us object names to inspect with cat-file...
        p1 = subprocess.Popen(['git','rev-list','--objects',rev], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        def cut_sha1hash(input, output):
            for line in input:
                output.write(line.split()[0] + '\n')
            output.close()
        # ...`cat-file --batch-check` filters for git-fat object candidates in bulk...
        p2 = subprocess.Popen(['git','cat-file','--batch-check'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        def filter_gitfat_candidates(input, output):
            for line in input:
                objhash, objtype, size = line.split()
                if objtype == 'blob' and int(size) in self.magiclens:
                    output.write(objhash + '\n')
            output.close()
        # ...`cat-file --batch` provides full contents of git-fat candidates in bulk
        p3 = subprocess.Popen(['git','cat-file','--batch'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        # Stream data: p1 | cut_thread | p2 | filter_thread | p3
        cut_thread = threading.Thread(target=cut_sha1hash, args=(p1.stdout, p2.stdin))
        filter_thread = threading.Thread(target=filter_gitfat_candidates, args=(p2.stdout, p3.stdin))
        cut_thread.start()
        filter_thread.start()
        # Process metadata + content format provided by `cat-file --batch`
        while True:
            metadata_line = p3.stdout.readline()
            if not metadata_line:
                break  # EOF
            objhash, objtype, size_str = metadata_line.split()
            size, bytes_read = int(size_str), 0
            # We know from filter that item is a candidate git-fat object and
            # is small enough to read into memory and process
            content = ''
            while bytes_read < size:
                data = p3.stdout.read(size - bytes_read)
                if not data:
                    break  # EOF
                content += data
                bytes_read += len(data)
            try:
                fathash = self.decode(content)[0]
                referenced.add(fathash)
            except GitFat.DecodeError:
                pass
            # Consume LF record delimiter in `cat-file --batch` output
            bytes_read = 0
            while bytes_read < 1:
                data = p3.stdout.read(1)
                if not data:
                    break  # EOF
                bytes_read += len(data)
        # Ensure everything is cleaned up
        cut_thread.join()
        filter_thread.join()
        p1.wait()
        p2.wait()
        p3.wait()
        return referenced

    def orphan_files(self, patterns=[]):
        'generator for all orphan placeholders in the working tree'
        if not patterns or patterns == ['']:
            patterns = ['.']
        for fname in subprocess.check_output(['git', 'ls-files', '-z'] + patterns).split('\x00')[:-1]:
            digest = self.decode_file(fname)[0]
            if digest:
                yield (digest, fname)

    def cmd_status(self, args):
        self.setup()
        catalog = self.catalog_objects()
        refargs = dict()
        if '--all' in args:
            refargs['all'] = True
        referenced = self.referenced_objects(**refargs)
        garbage = catalog - referenced
        orphans = referenced - catalog
        if '--all' in args:
            for obj in referenced:
                print(obj)
        if orphans:
            print('Orphan objects:')
            for orph in orphans:
                print('    ' + orph)
        if garbage:
            print('Garbage objects:')
            for g in garbage:
                print('    ' + g)
    def is_dirty(self):
        return subprocess.call(['git', 'diff-index', '--quiet', 'HEAD']) == 0
    def cmd_push(self, args):
        'Push anything that I have stored and referenced'
        self.setup()
        # Default to push only those objects referenced by current HEAD
        # (includes history). Finer-grained pushing would be useful.
        pushall = '--all' in args
        files = self.referenced_objects(all=pushall) & self.catalog_objects()
        cmd = self.get_rsync_command(push=True)
        self.verbose('Executing: %s' % ' '.join(cmd))
        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.communicate(input='\x00'.join(files))
        if p.returncode:
            sys.exit(p.returncode)
    def checkout(self, show_orphans=False):
        'Update any stale files in the present working tree'
        self.assert_init_done()
        for digest, fname in self.orphan_files():
            objpath = os.path.join(self.objdir, digest)
            if os.access(objpath, os.R_OK):
                print('Restoring %s -> %s' % (digest, fname))
                # The output of our smudge filter depends on the existence of
                # the file in .git/fat/objects, but git caches the file stat
                # from the previous time the file was smudged, therefore it
                # won't try to re-smudge. I don't know a git command that
                # specifically invalidates that cache, but changing the mtime
                # on the file will invalidate the cache.
                # Here we set the mtime to mtime + 1. This is an improvement
                # over touching the file as it catches the edgecase where a
                # git-checkout happens within the same second as a git fat
                # checkout.
                stat = os.lstat(fname)
                os.utime(fname, (stat.st_atime, stat.st_mtime + 1))
                # This re-smudge is essentially a copy that restores
                # permissions.
                subprocess.check_call(
                    ['git', 'checkout-index', '--index', '--force', fname])
            elif show_orphans:
                print('Data unavailable: %s %s' % (digest,fname))
    def cmd_pull(self, args):
        'Pull anything that I have referenced, but not stored'
        self.setup()
        refargs = dict()
        if '--all' in args:
            refargs['all'] = True
        for arg in args:
            if arg.startswith('-') or len(arg) != 40:
                continue
            rev = self.revparse(arg)
            if rev:
                refargs['rev'] = rev
        files = self.filter_objects(refargs, self.parse_pull_patterns(args))
        cmd = self.get_rsync_command(push=False)
        self.verbose('Executing: %s' % ' '.join(cmd))
        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.communicate(input='\x00'.join(files))
        if p.returncode:
            sys.exit(p.returncode)
        self.checkout()

    def parse_pull_patterns(self, args):
        if '--' not in args:
            return ['']
        else:
            idx = args.index('--')
            patterns  = args[idx+1:] #we don't care about '--'
            return patterns

    def filter_objects(self, refargs, patterns):
        files = self.referenced_objects(**refargs) - self.catalog_objects()
        if refargs.get('all'): # Currently ignores patterns; can we efficiently do both?
            return files
        orphans_matched = list(self.orphan_files(patterns))
        orphans_objects = set(map(lambda x: x[0], orphans_matched))
        return files & orphans_objects

    def cmd_checkout(self, args):
        self.checkout(show_orphans=True)

    def cmd_gc(self):
        garbage = self.catalog_objects() - self.referenced_objects()
        print('Unreferenced objects to remove: %d' % len(garbage))
        for obj in garbage:
            fname = os.path.join(self.objdir, obj)
            print('%10d %s' % (os.stat(fname).st_size, obj))
            os.remove(fname)

    def cmd_verify(self):
        """Print details of git-fat objects with incorrect data hash"""
        corrupted_objects = []
        for obj in self.catalog_objects():
            fname = os.path.join(self.objdir, obj)
            h = hashlib.new('sha1')
            for block in readblocks(open(fname)):
                h.update(block)
            data_hash = h.hexdigest()
            if obj != data_hash:
                corrupted_objects.append((obj, data_hash))
        if corrupted_objects:
            print('Corrupted objects: %d' % len(corrupted_objects))
            for obj, data_hash in corrupted_objects:
                print('%s data hash is %s' % (obj, data_hash))
            sys.exit(1)

    def cmd_init(self):
        self.setup()
        if self.is_init_done():
            print('Git fat already configured, check configuration in .git/config')
        else:
            gitconfig_set('filter.fat.clean', 'git-fat filter-clean')
            gitconfig_set('filter.fat.smudge', 'git-fat filter-smudge')
            print('Initialized git fat')
    def gen_large_blobs(self, revs, threshsize):
        """Build dict of all blobs"""
        time0 = time.time()
        def hash_only(input, output):
            """The output of git rev-list --objects shows extra info for blobs, subdirectory trees, and tags.
            This truncates to one hash per line.
            """
            for line in input:
                output.write(line[:40] + '\n')
            output.close()
        revlist = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'rev-list', '--all', '--objects'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=-1)
        objcheck = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'cat-file', '--batch-check'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=-1)
        hashonly = threading.Thread(target=hash_only, args=(revlist.stdout, objcheck.stdin))
        hashonly.start()
        numblobs = 0; numlarge = 1
        # Build dict with the sizes of all large blobs
        for line in objcheck.stdout:
            objhash, blob, size = line.split()
            if blob != 'blob':
                continue
            size = int(size)
            numblobs += 1
            if size > threshsize:
                numlarge += 1
                yield objhash, size
        revlist.wait()
        objcheck.wait()
        hashonly.join()
        time1 = time.time()
        self.verbose('%d of %d blobs are >= %d bytes [elapsed %.3fs]' % (numlarge, numblobs, threshsize, time1-time0))
    def cmd_find(self, args):
        maxsize = int(args[0])
        blobsizes = dict(self.gen_large_blobs('--all', maxsize))
        time0 = time.time()
        # Find all names assumed by large blobs (those in blobsizes)
        pathsizes = collections.defaultdict(lambda:set())
        revlist = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'rev-list', '--all'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=-1)
        difftree = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'diff-tree', '--root', '--no-renames', '--no-commit-id', '--diff-filter=AMCR', '-r', '--stdin', '-z'],
                                    stdin=revlist.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        for newblob, modflag, path in difftreez_reader(difftree.stdout):
            bsize = blobsizes.get(newblob)
            if bsize:                     # We care about this blob
                pathsizes[path].add(bsize)
        time1 = time.time()
        self.verbose('Found %d paths in %.3f s' % (len(pathsizes), time1-time0))
        maxlen = max(map(len,pathsizes)) if pathsizes else 0
        for path, sizes in sorted(pathsizes.items(), key=lambda ps: max(ps[1]), reverse=True):
            print('%-*s filter=fat -text # %10d %d' % (maxlen, path,max(sizes),len(sizes)))
        revlist.wait()
        difftree.wait()
    def cmd_index_filter(self, args):
        manage_gitattributes = '--manage-gitattributes' in args
        filelist = set(f.strip() for f in open(args[0]).readlines())
        lsfiles = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'ls-files', '-s'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        updateindex = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'update-index', '--index-info'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        for line in lsfiles.stdout:
            mode, sep, tail = line.partition(' ')
            blobhash, sep, tail = tail.partition(' ')
            stageno, sep, tail = tail.partition('\t')
            filename = tail.strip()
            if filename not in filelist:
                continue
            if mode == "120000":
                # skip symbolic links
                continue
            # This file will contain the hash of the cleaned object
            hashfile = os.path.join(self.gitdir, 'fat', 'index-filter', blobhash)
            try:
                cleanedobj = open(hashfile).read().rstrip()
            except IOError:
                catfile = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'cat-file', 'blob', blobhash], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                hashobject = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'hash-object', '-w', '--stdin'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                def dofilter():
                    self.filter_clean(catfile.stdout, hashobject.stdin)
                    hashobject.stdin.close()
                filterclean = threading.Thread(target=dofilter)
                filterclean.start()
                cleanedobj = hashobject.stdout.read().rstrip()
                catfile.wait()
                hashobject.wait()
                filterclean.join()
                mkdir_p(os.path.dirname(hashfile))
                open(hashfile, 'w').write(cleanedobj + '\n')
            updateindex.stdin.write('%s %s %s\t%s\n' % (mode, cleanedobj, stageno, filename))
        if manage_gitattributes:
            try:
                mode, blobsha1, stageno, filename = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'ls-files', '-s', '.gitattributes']).split()
                gitattributes_lines = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'cat-file', 'blob', blobsha1]).splitlines()
            except ValueError:  # Nothing to unpack, thus no file
                mode, stageno = '100644', '0'
                gitattributes_lines = []
            gitattributes_extra = ['%s filter=fat -text' % line.split()[0] for line in filelist]
            hashobject = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'hash-object', '-w', '--stdin'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            stdout, stderr = hashobject.communicate('\n'.join(gitattributes_lines + gitattributes_extra) + '\n')
            updateindex.stdin.write('%s %s %s\t%s\n' % (mode, stdout.strip(), stageno, '.gitattributes'))
        updateindex.stdin.close()
        lsfiles.wait()
        updateindex.wait()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    fat = GitFat()
    cmd = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else ''
    if cmd == 'filter-clean':
        fat.cmd_filter_clean()
    elif cmd == 'filter-smudge':
        fat.cmd_filter_smudge()
    elif cmd == 'init':
        fat.cmd_init()
    elif cmd == 'status':
        fat.cmd_status(sys.argv[2:])
    elif cmd == 'push':
        fat.cmd_push(sys.argv[2:])
    elif cmd == 'pull':
        fat.cmd_pull(sys.argv[2:])
    elif cmd == 'gc':
        fat.cmd_gc()
    elif cmd == 'verify':
        fat.cmd_verify()
    elif cmd == 'checkout':
        fat.cmd_checkout(sys.argv[2:])
    elif cmd == 'find':
        fat.cmd_find(sys.argv[2:])
    elif cmd == 'index-filter':
        fat.cmd_index_filter(sys.argv[2:])
    else:
        print('Usage: git fat [init|status|push|pull|gc|verify|checkout|find|index-filter]', file=sys.stderr)