Allow --period filtering by week and quarter

[chairmank]

Using the --period=PERIOD filter, the user can select records in one year or one month. I would like to add the ability to select records in one week. A week period can be decoded from a ISO 8601 week date representation:

klog report --period=2022-W14 @alias

This enhancement would fill a gap in functionality between the shortcut --this-week and --last-week filters and the more general --period period.

I see a potential interaction with https://github.com/jotaen/klog/issues/141.

[jotaen]

👍 Additionally, it should also support quarters (2022-Q1). Even though the quarter notation is not part of ISO, it would be both useful and in line with the other filters.