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nes2usb

NES controller to USB HID gamepad.

Overview

Reads a native NES controller via PIO-based shift register protocol and outputs as a USB HID gamepad. 60Hz polling with fractional timing correction for accurate cadence. Automatic connect/disconnect detection with 500ms debounce and stuck-button prevention.

Input

NES Input -- PIO shift register protocol at 1MHz instruction clock. CLK (GPIO 5), LATCH (GPIO 6), DATA (GPIO 8).

Output

USB Device Output -- USB HID gamepad with multiple emulation modes.

Core Configuration

Setting Value
Routing mode SIMPLE (1:1)
Player slots 1 (fixed)
Polling rate 60Hz (fractional correction for accuracy)
Profile system None

Key Features

  • Auto-detection -- Controller connected/disconnected detected via DATA line state.
  • USB output modes -- SInput, XInput, PS3, PS4, Switch, Keyboard/Mouse. Double-click button to cycle, triple-click to reset.
  • Web config -- config.joypad.ai.

Supported Boards

Board Build Command
KB2040 make nes2usb_kb2040
Pico W make nes2usb_pico_w

Build and Flash

make nes2usb_kb2040
make flash-nes2usb_kb2040

Troubleshooting

Controller not detected:

  • Check NES port wiring, especially GND and VCC.
  • Verify CLK, LATCH, and DATA pin assignments match your board.
  • Ensure the NES controller is fully seated in the connector.

No response from buttons:

  • Confirm the adapter is powered (NeoPixel LED should be lit).
  • Try a different NES controller to rule out a faulty controller.
  • Check that the DATA line has continuity from the controller port to GPIO 8.

Wrong buttons or garbled input:

  • Verify CLK and LATCH are not swapped.
  • Check for cold solder joints on signal lines.
  • Use config.joypad.ai input monitor to view raw input state.

USB not recognized by host:

  • Double-click the board button to cycle USB output mode.
  • Triple-click to reset to SInput (default HID mode).
  • Try a different USB cable or port.