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Source: Internal analysis based on project documentation Date: November 2025

Flash Loan Arbitrage vs MEV Attack Bots: A 2025 Strategic Analysis

Executive Summary

This document provides an objective comparison of two dominant DeFi bot strategies in 2025: flash loan arbitrage bots and MEV attack bots (sandwich attacks, front-running). Based on comprehensive research from 70+ documentation files in this repository, this analysis examines profitability, competition, infrastructure requirements, ethical considerations, and regulatory risks.

Key Finding: Neither path is advisable for beginners without significant capital ($50K+), advanced infrastructure, and deep MEV expertise. The easy money is gone, and both strategies face extreme competition from professional operations achieving sub-10ms detection latency.

Table of Contents

  1. Overview of Both Strategies
  2. Profitability Analysis
  3. Competition Landscape
  4. Infrastructure Requirements
  5. Ethical & Legal Considerations
  6. Success Factors
  7. Strategic Recommendations
  8. Alternative Approaches
  9. Reality Check
  10. Conclusion

Overview of Both Strategies

Flash Loan Arbitrage

Definition: Borrowing assets without collateral via flash loans to exploit price differences across DEXs, returning borrowed funds plus fees within the same transaction.

Mechanism:

1. Detect price discrepancy (e.g., USDC cheaper on Uniswap vs Sushiswap)
2. Borrow USDC via flash loan (Aave, dYdX, Balancer)
3. Buy asset on cheaper DEX
4. Sell asset on expensive DEX
5. Repay flash loan + 0.05-0.3% fee
6. Profit = (Price difference - Fees - Gas costs)

Role: Market efficiency - reduces price discrepancies, provides liquidity arbitrage

MEV Attack Bots

Definition: Monitoring the mempool for pending user transactions and extracting value through front-running, sandwich attacks, or back-running.

Primary Types:

  1. Sandwich Attacks (Most Profitable)

    • Front-run: Buy before victim's trade (raises price)
    • Victim: Executes trade at inflated price (suffers slippage)
    • Back-run: Sell after victim's trade (profit from price impact)
    • Harm: Victim loses 0.5-2% per transaction

  2. Front-Running

    • Copy profitable transactions with higher gas
    • Execute before victim
    • Extract value from victim's discovery

  3. Back-Running

    • Execute trades after large transactions
    • Exploit price impact
    • More ethical (doesn't directly harm users)

Role: Value extraction - transfers wealth from users to bot operators

Profitability Analysis

Flash Loan Arbitrage

Theoretical Profit:

Profit = (Sell Price - Buy Price) - Flash Loan Fee - Gas Costs

Example:
- Borrow: 100,000 USDC
- Buy at: $1.00 on Uniswap
- Sell at: $1.002 on Sushiswap
- Revenue: $200
- Flash loan fee (0.09%): $90
- Gas (50 gwei): ~$15
- Net Profit: $95

Reality (2025 Data):

Metric Value Source
Average Opportunity Profit <$50 Reddit discussion
Competition Response Time 3-10ms rusty-sando, Ethereum-MEV-BOT
Success Rate <5% Community reports
Monthly Opportunities (viable) 10-50 Estimated from discussions
Infrastructure Cost $2,000-10,000/mo RPC nodes, indexers, servers
Failed Transaction Cost $10-30 each Gas still charged

Monthly Profitability (Optimistic):

30 successful arbs × $50 profit = $1,500
- Infrastructure: -$5,000
- Failed transactions (100): -$1,500
= Net Loss: -$5,000/month

Breakeven Requirements:

  • Need 100+ successful arbs/month at $50 each
  • OR find higher-value opportunities (rare, dominated by professionals)
  • Must achieve sub-10ms latency to compete

MEV Attack Bots (Sandwich)

Theoretical Profit:

Front-run: Buy X tokens
Victim trade: Raises price by P%
Back-run: Sell X tokens at P% markup
Profit = (X × P%) - Gas Costs

Example:
- Victim swap: $100,000 USDC → ETH
- Price impact: 1.5%
- Your position: $50,000
- Profit: $750 (1.5% of $50,000)
- Gas: $50
- Net: $700

Reality (2025 Data from rusty-sando):

Metric Value Source
Daily Industry Extraction $1-5M understanding-sandwich-attacks.md
Average Sandwich Profit $50-500 rusty-sando documentation
Success Rate 15-30% MEV bot analysis
Competition Response Time 3-8ms Professional bots
Capital Required $100,000+ Need size to impact prices
Infrastructure Cost $5,000-20,000/mo Advanced indexers, builders

Monthly Profitability (Realistic for Competitive Bot):

500 successful sandwiches × $150 avg = $75,000
- Infrastructure: -$10,000
- Failed transactions (1000): -$15,000
- Builder fees: -$5,000
= Net Profit: $45,000/month

BUT: Requires $100K+ capital, sub-5ms latency, sophisticated detection

Profitability Verdict

MEV attacks are 10-50x more profitable than arbitrage, but:

  • Require significantly more capital
  • Higher infrastructure costs
  • Ethical and legal concerns
  • Increasing regulatory scrutiny
  • Risk of being honeypotted (salmonella attacks)

Competition Landscape

Flash Loan Arbitrage Competition

Major Players:

  1. Established Firms

    • Jump Trading, Wintermute, other HFT shops
    • Sub-millisecond detection
    • Direct exchange integrations
    • Essentially monopolize profitable opportunities

  2. Professional Bots

    • Examples: da-bao-jian/swap-optimizer (21★), ArbiSearch (19★)
    • 5-10ms detection latency
    • Custom indexers and graph algorithms
    • Capture remaining scraps

  3. Amateur Bots

    • 50-100ms+ latency
    • Rarely profitable
    • Mostly extract educational value

Key Insight: By the time your bot detects an opportunity, professionals have already executed and eliminated the arbitrage.

MEV Attack Competition

Major Players:

  1. Dominant Bots

    • rusty-sando (857★): 3-8ms detection, multi-meat sandwiches
    • Ethereum-MEV-BOT (40★): Graph-based, sub-10ms, handles 10K+ TPS
    • Anonymous professional operations

  2. Capabilities:

    • Bellman-Ford/Dijkstra graph algorithms for optimal paths
    • SIMD optimization (process multiple opportunities simultaneously)
    • Multi-builder integration (Flashbots, Titan, Beaver)
    • Salmonella detection (honeypot avoidance)
    • Sub-5ms mempool → execution pipeline

  3. Market Dominance:

    • Top 10 bots extract 80%+ of MEV opportunities
    • Remainder fought over by hundreds of competitors
    • Arms race requires constant optimization

Competition Verdict: Both markets are extremely competitive. Success requires professional-grade infrastructure and constant innovation.

Infrastructure Requirements

Flash Loan Arbitrage Infrastructure

Minimum Requirements:

  1. Smart Contracts

    • Flash loan integration (Aave V3, dYdX, Balancer)
    • DEX swap logic (Uniswap, Sushiswap, Curve)
    • Gas optimization (<150K gas target)
    • Slippage protection

  2. Detection System

    • WebSocket connections to multiple DEXs
    • Real-time price monitoring
    • Profitability calculator (accounts for fees + gas)
    • Latency: Must be <20ms for any viability

  3. RPC Infrastructure

    • Fast, reliable RPC nodes (not free tier)
    • Archive node access for historical data
    • Websocket support
    • Cost: $500-2,000/month for quality nodes

  4. Execution System

    • Transaction builder
    • Gas price optimizer
    • Flashbots Protect integration (MEV protection)
    • Critical: Your arb transactions can be sandwiched!

Estimated Setup Cost: $10,000-30,000 (development + initial infrastructure)

Monthly Operating Cost: $2,000-5,000

MEV Attack Infrastructure

Minimum Requirements:

  1. Advanced Monitoring

    • Mempool monitoring across multiple builders
    • Graph-based pathfinding (Bellman-Ford, Dijkstra)
    • Custom indexer for state tracking
    • SIMD optimization for parallel processing
    • Latency: Must be <10ms to compete

  2. Smart Contracts

    • Highly optimized sandwich contracts (often Huff or Yul)
    • Gas usage: <100K target
    • Multi-pool compatibility (V2, V3, Curve, Balancer)
    • Salmonella detection logic

  3. Builder Relationships

    • Integration with multiple builders (Flashbots, Titan, Beaver, etc.)
    • Bundle submission optimization
    • Priority fee bidding algorithms
    • MEV-Share participation for profit sharing

  4. Capital

    • $100,000+ in working capital
    • Need size to create meaningful price impact
    • More capital = more opportunities

  5. Risk Management

    • Honeypot detection (salmonella contracts)
    • Gas limit management
    • Position sizing algorithms
    • Circuit breakers

Estimated Setup Cost: $50,000-150,000 (development + capital + infrastructure)

Monthly Operating Cost: $5,000-20,000

Infrastructure Verdict

MEV attacks require 3-5x more infrastructure investment than arbitrage, but ROI is proportionally higher if successful.

Ethical & Legal Considerations

Flash Loan Arbitrage

Ethical Status: ✅ Generally Acceptable

Positive Aspects:

  • Improves market efficiency
  • Reduces price discrepancies
  • Provides liquidity arbitrage
  • No direct harm to users
  • Considered beneficial to DeFi ecosystem

Neutral Aspects:

  • Extracts value from inefficient markets
  • Competes with other arbitrageurs
  • Benefits from user trades (provides exit liquidity)

Community Perception: Positive - seen as market makers providing efficiency

Legal Risk: ⬇️ Low

  • Not considered market manipulation
  • No regulatory scrutiny
  • Defensible as market efficiency mechanism

MEV Attack Bots

Ethical Status: ⚠️ Highly Controversial

Negative Aspects:

  1. Direct User Harm

    • Sandwich attacks extract 0.5-2% from victims
    • Users receive worse prices than expected
    • Disproportionately affects retail users

  2. Information Asymmetry

    • Exploit mempool visibility
    • Users can't easily protect themselves
    • Sophisticated extractors vs regular users

  3. Market Manipulation

    • Artificial price manipulation (front-run raises price)
    • Could be classified as manipulation in traditional markets

  4. Parasitic Behavior

    • Adds no value to ecosystem
    • Pure extraction without benefit
    • Increases trading costs for everyone

Positive Counterarguments:

  • "Open information" - mempool is public
  • "Market efficiency" - exploits poor slippage settings
  • "Incentivizes privacy solutions" - drives innovation (Flashbots, private RPCs)

Community Perception: ⚠️ Strongly Negative

  • Called "toxic MEV" by Flashbots and Ethereum Foundation
  • Community actively building defenses (CoW Swap, MEV-Share, etc.)
  • Seen as harmful to Ethereum's long-term adoption

Legal Risk: ⚠️ Medium to High (Increasing)

  1. Regulatory Scrutiny (2024-2025):

    • SEC examining MEV as potential market manipulation
    • EU regulators investigating DeFi MEV
    • Could be classified similar to front-running in traditional markets

  2. Potential Violations:

    • Wire fraud (if victim crosses state lines)
    • Computer fraud (unauthorized extraction)
    • Market manipulation (artificial price movement)

  3. Increasing Enforcement:

    • First MEV-related investigations opened in 2024
    • Regulatory clarity coming (likely unfavorable)

Legal Verdict: Regulatory environment moving against MEV extraction. Operating sandwich bots in 2025+ carries increasing legal risk.

Success Factors

What You Need to Succeed in Flash Loan Arbitrage

Technical Requirements:

  1. ✅ Strong Solidity development skills
  2. ✅ Understanding of AMM mathematics
  3. ✅ Gas optimization expertise
  4. ✅ WebSocket/real-time data handling
  5. ✅ Graph algorithms (pathfinding)

Infrastructure Requirements:

  1. ⚠️ Fast RPC nodes (<50ms latency)
  2. ⚠️ Custom indexer or expensive service (Alchemy, Infura premium)
  3. ⚠️ High-performance servers (low-latency execution)
  4. ⚠️ Monitoring and alerting systems

Capital Requirements:

  1. 💰 $10,000-30,000 setup cost
  2. 💰 $2,000-5,000/month operating cost
  3. 💰 $5,000-10,000 working capital (gas, testing, failed txs)

Time Investment:

  • 3-6 months full-time development
  • Ongoing optimization and maintenance
  • Constant monitoring required

Competitive Advantages Needed:

  • Sub-10ms detection (very difficult)
  • Unique opportunities (private order flow)
  • Advanced algorithms (multi-hop, complex paths)

Realistic Assessment: ⚠️ Extremely difficult without professional infrastructure

What You Need to Succeed in MEV Attacks

Technical Requirements:

  1. ✅ Expert Solidity/Huff/Yul (ultra-low-level optimization)
  2. ✅ Advanced MEV knowledge (sandwich mechanics, salmonella detection)
  3. ✅ Graph algorithms (Bellman-Ford, Dijkstra)
  4. ✅ SIMD optimization
  5. ✅ Multi-builder integration

Infrastructure Requirements:

  1. ⚠️ Custom mempool monitoring (sub-5ms detection)
  2. ⚠️ State tracking and simulation
  3. ⚠️ Multiple builder relationships
  4. ⚠️ High-performance compute (SIMD, parallel processing)

Capital Requirements:

  1. 💰 $50,000-150,000 setup cost
  2. 💰 $5,000-20,000/month operating cost
  3. 💰 $100,000+ working capital (need size for impact)

Time Investment:

  • 6-12 months full-time development
  • Constant optimization (arms race)
  • 24/7 monitoring required

Competitive Advantages Needed:

  • Sub-5ms detection (extremely difficult)
  • Advanced salmonella detection
  • Multi-meat sandwich capability
  • Optimal builder selection

Ethical Flexibility:

  • ⚠️ Must be comfortable harming users
  • ⚠️ Must accept reputational damage
  • ⚠️ Must navigate legal uncertainty

Realistic Assessment: ⚠️ Extremely difficult AND ethically problematic

Strategic Recommendations

If You're Determined to Build a Bot

Recommendation 1: Start with Defensive Arbitrage

Strategy: Flash loan arbitrage with MEV protection

Why:

  • Ethically defensible
  • Lower regulatory risk
  • Good learning experience
  • Can pivot to other strategies

How:

  1. Build flash loan bot with Aave V3
  2. Use Flashbots Protect RPC - prevents your transactions from being sandwiched
  3. Use MEV-Share - share profits with validators to get priority
  4. Focus on L2s - Arbitrum, Optimism, Base (lower competition)
  5. Target stablecoins - Uniswap V3 0.01% fee tier, smaller margins but more opportunities
  6. Use private RPCs - Avoid public mempool entirely

Expected Outcome:

  • Likely break-even or small profit
  • Valuable learning experience
  • Foundation for more advanced strategies

Recommendation 2: Ethical MEV Strategies

Instead of harmful sandwich attacks, consider:

  1. Back-Running (Ethical)

    • Execute trades AFTER large transactions
    • Exploit price impact without harming users
    • Still profitable, less competition
    • No ethical concerns

  2. Liquidation Protection

    • Monitor positions close to liquidation
    • Front-run liquidation bots with user-friendly liquidation
    • User pays you instead of liquidation penalty
    • Provides genuine service

  3. JIT Liquidity

    • Provide liquidity right before large trades
    • Remove liquidity after
    • Earn fees without permanent capital lock
    • Benefits traders (better prices)

  4. MEV-Share Participation

    • Use Flashbots MEV-Share
    • Share profits with users
    • Get priority access
    • Community-approved approach

Expected Outcome:

  • Lower but sustainable profits
  • Ethical and legal clarity
  • Positive community reputation

Recommendation 3: L2 and Alternative Chains

Target less competitive environments:

  1. L2 Networks

    • Arbitrum, Optimism, Base
    • Lower gas costs
    • Less competition
    • Growing TVL

  2. Alternative L1s

    • Sui, Aptos (Move language)
    • Avalanche, Fantom
    • First-mover advantage in new ecosystems

  3. Niche DEXs

    • Curve (stablecoin-focused)
    • Balancer (weighted pools)
    • Maverick (directional liquidity)

Expected Outcome:

  • Higher success probability
  • Lower infrastructure costs (L2 gas)
  • Opportunity to establish early presence

If You're Considering MEV Attacks

Honest Assessment: I cannot recommend this path for the following reasons:

  1. Ethical Concerns: Directly harms users who didn't consent to being extracted from

  2. Regulatory Risk: Increasing scrutiny, potential legal consequences in 2025+

  3. Reputation Damage: DeFi community strongly opposes sandwich attacks

  4. Competition: Dominated by professional operations (rusty-sando, Ethereum-MEV-BOT)

  5. Sustainability: Defenses improving (CoW Swap, private RPCs, MEV-Share)

If you proceed anyway:

  • Understand legal risks in your jurisdiction
  • Budget for potential regulatory action
  • Expect community backlash if identified
  • Focus on salmonella detection (honeypots will target you)
  • Be prepared for arms race (constant optimization required)

Alternative Approaches

Beyond Arbitrage and MEV

If your goal is sustainable DeFi income, consider these alternatives:

1. Liquidity Provision (LP)

Concept: Provide liquidity to DEXs, earn trading fees

Pros:

  • Passive income
  • No competition (you're providing service)
  • Ethically clear
  • Lower technical complexity

Cons:

  • Impermanent loss risk
  • Capital required
  • Lower ROI than successful MEV

Expected APY: 10-50% depending on pool

2. Yield Optimization

Concept: Auto-compound yields, find optimal strategies

Examples:

  • Yearn Finance strategies
  • Convex/Curve optimization
  • Cross-chain yield farming

Pros:

  • Less competitive than MEV
  • Provides value to users
  • Sustainable business model

Cons:

  • Smart contract risk
  • Market risk
  • Lower margins than MEV

3. DeFi Infrastructure Services

Concept: Build tools for DeFi users

Examples:

  • MEV protection services (like Flashbots Protect)
  • Gas optimization services
  • Transaction simulation APIs
  • Monitoring and alerting

Pros:

  • Sustainable revenue (subscriptions)
  • Positive community impact
  • Less competitive
  • Ethical clarity

Cons:

  • Longer time to revenue
  • Requires different skills
  • Marketing/sales needed

4. Research and Education

Concept: Analyze and explain DeFi/MEV

Examples:

  • MEV research papers
  • Strategy analysis threads
  • Educational content
  • Consulting services

Pros:

  • Build reputation
  • Network with professionals
  • Lower capital requirements
  • Flexible schedule

Cons:

  • Indirect monetization
  • Lower income potential
  • Requires strong communication skills

Reality Check

What the Documentation Actually Shows

Based on analysis of 70+ files in this repository:

From Reddit Discussion (reddit-flashloan-viability-discussion.md):

Community Consensus:

  • "Not beginner-friendly"
  • "Infrastructure requirements are massive"
  • "Failed transactions still cost gas"
  • "Competition from sophisticated MEV bots"
  • Most telling: "Don't quit your day job"

From rusty-sando (857 ⭐ sandwich bot):

Technical Reality:

  • 3-8ms detection latency (state of the art)
  • Multi-meat sandwiches (attack multiple victims per block)
  • Salmonella detection (avoid honeypots)
  • Written in Rust + Huff (extreme optimization)
  • Implication: This is what you're competing against

From Ethereum-MEV-BOT (40 ⭐ advanced MEV):

Competitive Landscape:

  • Graph-based detection (Bellman-Ford/Dijkstra)
  • Sub-10ms detection (3-8ms in practice)
  • 10,000+ TPS processing capability
  • SIMD optimization
  • Multi-builder integration
  • Implication: Professional operations dominate

From understanding-sandwich-attacks.md (1500+ lines):

Market Impact:

  • $1-5M extracted DAILY by sandwich bots
  • 0.5-2% extracted per victim
  • Growing defenses: Flashbots Protect, CoW Swap, MEV-Share
  • Trend: Ecosystem moving to protect users

From preventing-front-running-attacks.md (850+ lines):

Defense Evolution:

  • Private RPCs widely adopted
  • Slippage protection standard
  • Time-weighted mechanisms
  • Implication: Easier opportunities disappearing

The Uncomfortable Truth

For Flash Loan Arbitrage:

  • Profitable opportunities are ~5-10% of what they were in 2020-2021
  • Competition is 100x more sophisticated
  • Infrastructure costs have increased 5x
  • Realistic outcome: Educational experience, not profitable

For MEV Attacks:

  • Still profitable BUT...
  • Requires $100K+ capital
  • Ethical concerns significant
  • Regulatory risk increasing
  • Competition extreme (dominated by pros)
  • Realistic outcome: Possible profit, but at what cost?

Conclusion

The Direct Answer

Which is wiser in 2025?

Neither, for most people.

Why:

  1. Competition is Extreme

    • Both require sub-10ms detection
    • Professionals dominate both spaces
    • Arms race requires constant optimization

  2. Infrastructure Costs are High

    • $10K-150K setup depending on strategy
    • $2K-20K/month operating costs
    • High failure rate for beginners

  3. Profitability is Uncertain

    • Arbitrage: Likely unprofitable for newcomers
    • MEV attacks: Potentially profitable but ethically/legally problematic

  4. Better Alternatives Exist

    • Liquidity provision (passive income)
    • Yield optimization (sustainable)
    • Infrastructure services (scalable)
    • Education/consulting (relationship-building)

If You Must Choose One

Prioritize: Flash Loan Arbitrage + MEV Protection

Why:

  1. ✅ Ethically defensible
  2. ✅ Legal clarity
  3. ✅ Community support
  4. ✅ Valuable learning
  5. ✅ Foundation for other strategies
  6. ⚠️ Likely unprofitable but educational

Avoid: Sandwich Attacks / Front-Running

Why:

  1. ❌ Harms users
  2. ❌ Regulatory uncertainty
  3. ❌ Community opposition
  4. ❌ Reputational damage
  5. ⚠️ More profitable but at significant cost

The Real Recommendation

Rather than asking "Which MEV strategy?", ask:

  1. "What can I build that provides value?"

    • Infrastructure tools
    • User protection services
    • Yield optimization
    • Education

  2. "What's sustainable long-term?"

    • Subscription services
    • Liquidity provision
    • Consulting
    • Research

  3. "What aligns with my values?"

    • If you value efficiency: Arbitrage
    • If you value service: LP or infrastructure
    • If you value education: Content/consulting
    • If you value profit above ethics: Reconsider

Final Thoughts

The DeFi space is evolving toward protecting users from MEV, not enabling more extraction. Strategies that align with this trend (MEV protection, ethical MEV, user-focused services) are more likely to succeed long-term.

The wisest path in 2025: Build something that protects users from MEV rather than extracting from them.

Additional Resources

For Further Research

Essential Reading (from this repository):

  1. Understanding Competition:

    • examples/github-mouseless0x-rusty-sando.md (857★)
    • examples/github-insionCEO-Ethereum-MEV-BOT.md (40★)

  2. Understanding Threats:

    • tutorials/understanding-sandwich-attacks.md (1500+ lines)
    • tutorials/preventing-front-running-attacks.md (850+ lines)

  3. Technical Implementation:

    • core/aave-flash-loans-documentation.md
    • core/flashbots-documentation.md

  4. Reality Check:

    • discussions/reddit-flashloan-viability-discussion.md

External Resources

Ethical MEV:

Learning:

Community:

  • Flashbots Discord
  • Ethereum R&D Discord
  • r/defi and r/ethdev subreddits

Appendix: Decision Matrix

Quick Reference Table

Factor Flash Loan Arbitrage MEV Attacks (Sandwich)
Profitability ⬇️ Low ($0-1K/mo) ⬆️ High ($10K-100K/mo)
Competition ⚠️ Extreme ⚠️ Extreme
Capital Required 💰 $10-30K 💰💰 $100K+
Monthly Costs 💰 $2-5K 💰💰 $5-20K
Technical Difficulty ⚠️⚠️ Very High ⚠️⚠️⚠️ Extreme
Time to Profitability ⏱️ 6-12+ months ⏱️ 6-12+ months
Ethical Clarity ✅ Clear (positive) ❌ Clear (negative)
Legal Risk ✅ Low ⚠️ Medium-High
Community Support ✅ Positive ❌ Negative
Sustainability ⚠️ Questionable ⚠️ Decreasing
Learning Value ✅✅ High ✅ Moderate
Reputation Impact ✅ Positive ❌ Negative

Recommendation by Profile

Your Profile Recommendation Strategy
Beginner Developer ⚠️ Neither Start with simpler DeFi projects
Experienced Dev, Limited Capital Flash Loan Arb (L2) Focus on L2s, educational value
Experienced Dev, High Capital Ethical MEV Back-running, JIT liquidity
Professional Firm Either (with caution) Full infrastructure, legal counsel
Value-Driven Infrastructure Build protection tools
Profit-Maximizing Reconsider Both are highly competitive, risky

Document Version: 1.0 Last Updated: November 2025 Related Files: All 70 files in context/ directory, especially MEV attack/defense guides Recommended Next Steps: Read tutorials/understanding-sandwich-attacks.md and tutorials/preventing-front-running-attacks.md for deep MEV knowledge