Enhance LaTeX conversion and cleanup of unused assets

- Updated `build_book.sh` to improve LaTeX compatibility with additional character replacements and chapter handling for workshops and talks.
- Removed multiple unused image assets from the documentation to streamline the project.
- Added new Mermaid diagram support with a Lua filter and configuration for better diagram rendering in LaTeX.
- Improved markdown files by removing outdated examples and ensuring clarity in workshop content.

Author: jxnl