diff --git a/grobid-trainer/resources/dataset/segmentation/corpus/raw/pub.1160333290.training.segmentation b/grobid-trainer/resources/dataset/segmentation/corpus/raw/pub.1160333290.training.segmentation new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c0cc7ce52 --- /dev/null +++ b/grobid-trainer/resources/dataset/segmentation/corpus/raw/pub.1160333290.training.segmentation @@ -0,0 +1,875 @@ +Creative Commons creative C Cr Cre Crea BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -:- 3 8 1 1 0 0 1 +NonCommercial 4.0 noncommercial N No Non NonC BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .(://.//-/./)-, 15 9 1 1 0 0 1 +distribution of distribution d di dis dist BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 1 1 0 0 1 +(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). ( (h (ht (htt BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (://../-//---). 15 4 1 1 0 0 1 +Journal canadien journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 +https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581231183856 https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581231183856 https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581231183856 h ht htt http BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 ://././ 7 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Canadian Journal canadian C Ca Can Cana BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +and Disease and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 +Volume 10: volume V Vo Vol Volu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 :- 2 5 0 0 0 0 1 +© The © © © © © BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 () 2 6 0 0 0 0 1 +Article reuse article A Ar Art Arti BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 +sagepub.com/journals-permissions sagepub.com/journals-permissions sagepub.com/journals-permissions s sa sag sage BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ./- 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 +DOI: 10.1177/20543581231183856 doi: D DO DOI DOI: BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 :./ 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 +journals.sagepub.com/home/cjk journals.sagepub.com/home/cjk journals.sagepub.com/home/cjk j jo jou jour BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ..// 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Basic Research basic B Ba Bas Basi BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 +1183856C JKXXX10.1177/20543581231183856Canadian 1183856c 1 11 118 1183 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 ./ 2 10 0 1 0 0 0 +research-article20232023 research-article20232023 research-article20232023 r re res rese BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 - 1 10 0 1 0 0 0 +Basic Research basic B Ba Bas Basi BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Sequencing in sequencing S Se Seq Sequ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Hematuria Syndrome: hematuria H He Hem Hema BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Aditi Sharma aditi A Ad Adi Adit BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ,.,,, 5 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Pouneh Dokouhaki pouneh P Po Pou Poun BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ,, 2 6 0 0 0 0 1 +Abstract Abstract abstract A Ab Abs Abst BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Background: Loin background: B Ba Bac Back BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 :() 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 +either unilateral either e ei eit eith BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 +imposes a imposes i im imp impo BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +to an to t to to to BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ,. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +60 years 60 6 60 60 60 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ,. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Objective: To objective: O Ob Obj Obje BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 :. 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 +Methods: In methods: M Me Met Meth BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 :-,- 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 +will be will w wi wil will BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +6000 System 6000 6 60 600 6000 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ( 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +genes in: genes g ge gen gene BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 :[][]),(: 9 9 0 0 0 0 1 +transduction [n transduction t tr tra tran BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 [],[],[],[]). 13 9 0 0 0 0 1 +examine identified examine e ex exa exam BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 -. 2 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Conclusions: This conclusions: C Co Con Conc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +LPHS. LPHS. lphs. L LP LPH LPHS BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Abrégé Abrégé abrégé A Ab Abr Abré BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 no 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 +Contexte: Le contexte: C Co Con Cont BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 :- 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +hématurie et hématurie h hé hém héma BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 ''. 3 10 1 0 0 0 1 +de lombalgie-hématurie de d de de de BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -' 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +de qualité de d de de de BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 ., 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +traitement a traitement t tr tra trai BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 ., 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +sommes au sommes s so som somm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -. 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +Objectif: Décrire objectif: O Ob Obj Obje BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 :''- 4 9 1 0 0 0 1 +hématurie et hématurie h hé hém héma BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 . 1 3 1 0 0 0 1 +Méthodologie: Pour méthodologie: M Mé Mét Méth BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 :, 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +lombalgie-hématurie et lombalgie-hématurie l lo lom lomb BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -.'' 4 9 1 0 0 0 1 +soumis à soumis s so sou soum BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 '. 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +analysé pour analysé a an ana anal BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 '(' 3 9 1 0 0 0 1 +glomérulaire [n glomérulaire g gl glo glom BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 [][]),( 7 9 1 0 0 0 1 +transduction [n transduction t tr tra tran BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 [],[],[][]). 12 9 1 0 0 0 1 +Nous poursuivrons nous N No Nou Nous BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 '- 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +syndrome de syndrome s sy syn synd BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -. 2 4 1 0 0 0 1 +Conclusion: Cette conclusion: C Co Con Conc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 :- 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 +tendent le tendent t te ten tend BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -. 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 +Keywords Keywords keywords K Ke Key Keyw BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 no 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 +loin pain loin l lo loi loin BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 ,,,,, 5 10 1 1 0 0 1 +Received November received R Re Rec Rece BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 ,.,. 4 10 1 1 0 0 1 +2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKSTART PAGESTART SAMEFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 +Canadian Journal canadian C Ca Can Cana BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 1 1 1 0 +What was what W Wh Wha What BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Hematuria in hematuria H He Hem Hema BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +glomerular in glomerular g gl glo glom BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ,. 2 10 0 1 0 0 1 +What this what W Wh Wha What BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +We outline we W We We We BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +in the in i in in in BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 +potential contributors potential p po pot pote BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +will also will w wi wil will BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +ways. 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10 0 0 0 0 1 +We plan we W We We We BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 -, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +of decoding of o of of of BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Figure 1. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 .. 2 10 1 1 0 0 1 +4 4 4 4 4 4 4 BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 +Canadian Journal canadian C Ca Can Cana BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 10 0 1 1 0 0 +Table 1. table T Ta Tab Tabl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .. 2 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Gene name gene G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 +Chromosome number chromosome C Ch Chr Chro BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Inheritance a inheritance I In Inh Inhe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 7 0 1 0 0 1 +Gene annotation gene G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 +Glomerular basement glomerular G Gl Glo Glom BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +LAMB2 LAMB2 lamb2 L LA LAM LAMB BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr3 chr3 chr3 c ch chr chr3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Laminin subunit laminin L La Lam Lami BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +LAMA5 LAMA5 lama5 L LA LAM LAMA BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr20 chr20 chr20 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Laminin subunit laminin L La Lam Lami BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +ITGA3 ITGA3 itga3 I IT ITG ITGA BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr17 chr17 chr17 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Integrin subunit integrin I In Int Inte BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +COL4A3/4/5 COL4A3/4/5 col4a3/4/5 C CO COL COL4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 // 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 +chr2/chr2/chrX chr2/chr2/chrX chr2/chr2/chrx c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 // 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD/AR, ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 ,/,/ 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 +Collagen type collagen C Co Col Coll BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 // 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 +GPC5 GPC5 gpc5 G GP GPC GPC5 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr13 chr13 chr13 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Glypican 5 glypican G Gl Gly Glyp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 +CD151 CD151 cd151 C CD CD1 CD15 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr11 chr11 chr11 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +CD151 molecule cd151 C CD CD1 CD15 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 - 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Endothelial cells endothelial E En End Endo BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +CFH CFH cfh C CF CFH CFH BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Complement factor complement C Co Com Comp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +CFB CFB cfb C CF CFB CFB BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr6 chr6 chr6 c ch chr chr6 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD, ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 ,, 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 +Complement factor complement C Co Com Comp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +CFI CFI cfi C CF CFI CFI BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr4 chr4 chr4 c ch chr chr4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Complement factor complement C Co Com Comp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +C3 C3 c3 C C3 C3 C3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr19 chr19 chr19 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Complement C3 complement C Co Com Comp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 +MCP MCP mcp M MC MCP MCP BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Membrane cofactor membrane M Me Mem Memb BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +THBD THBD thbd T TH THB THBD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr20 chr20 chr20 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin thrombomodulin T Th Thr Thro BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 +PLG PLG plg P PL PLG PLG BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr6 chr6 chr6 c ch chr chr6 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Plasminogen Plasminogen plasminogen P Pl Pla Plas BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 +DGKE DGKE dgke D DG DGK DGKE BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr17 chr17 chr17 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Diacylglycerol kinase diacylglycerol D Di Dia Diac BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 +INF2 INF2 inf2 I IN INF INF2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr14 chr14 chr14 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Inverted formin inverted I In Inv Inve BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +MMACHC MMACHC mmachc M MM MMA MMAC BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Metabolism of metabolism M Me Met Meta BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 +a a a a a a a BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Inheritance based inheritance I In Inh Inhe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 :,;,;,;,;,;, 12 10 0 0 0 0 1 +X linked x X X X X BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 ;, 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 +Table 2. table T Ta Tab Tabl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 .. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Gene name gene G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +Chromosome number chromosome C Ch Chr Chro BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Inheritance a inheritance I In Inh Inhe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 +Gene annotation gene G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Pain transduction pain P Pa Pai Pain BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 +TRPV1/2/3/4 TRPV1/2/3/4 trpv1/2/3/4 T TR TRP TRPV BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 /// 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 +chr17/chr17/chr17/chr12 TRPV3/4: chr17/chr17/chr17/chr12 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 ////: 5 6 0 0 0 0 1 +Transient receptor transient T Tr Tra Tran BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +V member v V V V V BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 /// 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 +P2RX3 P2RX3 p2rx3 P P2 P2R P2RX BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr11 chr11 chr11 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +P2X purinergic p2x P P2 P2X P2X BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +TRPM8 TRPM8 trpm8 T TR TRP TRPM BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr2 chr2 chr2 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Transient receptor transient T Tr Tra Tran BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +M member m M M M M BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 +TRPA1 TRPA1 trpa1 T TR TRP TRPA BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr8 chr8 chr8 c ch chr chr8 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Transient receptor transient T Tr Tra Tran BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +A member a A A A A BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 +P2RY12 P2RY12 p2ry12 P P2 P2R P2RY BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr3 chr3 chr3 c ch chr chr3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Purinergic receptor purinergic P Pu Pur Puri BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +BDKRB1/2 BDKRB1/2 bdkrb1/2 B BD BDK BDKR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr14/chr14 chr14/chr14 chr14/chr14 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 +Bradykinin receptor bradykinin B Br Bra Brad BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 +HTR3a HTR3a htr3a H HT HTR HTR3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr11 chr11 chr11 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine 5 5- 5-H 5-Hy BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 +ACCN1/2 ACCN1/2 accn1/2 A AC ACC ACCN BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr17/chr12 chr17/chr12 chr17/chr12 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 +Acid sensing acid A Ac Aci Acid BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 +TRPC/P TRPC/P trpc/p T TR TRP TRPC BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr13 chr13 chr13 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Transient receptor transient T Tr Tra Tran BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 +Pain conduction pain P Pa Pai Pain BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 +SCN10A SCN10A scn10a S SC SCN SCN1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr3 chr3 chr3 c ch chr chr3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Sodium voltage-gated sodium S So Sod Sodi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +SCN11A SCN11A scn11a S SC SCN SCN1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr3 chr3 chr3 c ch chr chr3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Sodium voltage-gated sodium S So Sod Sodi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +SCN1,3,8A SCN1,3,8A scn1,3,8a S SC SCN SCN1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 ,, 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr2/chr2/chr12 chr2/chr2/chr12 chr2/chr2/chr12 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 // 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 +AD/AD/AD AD/AD/AD ad/ad/ad A AD AD/ AD/A BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 // 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Sodium channel sodium S So Sod Sodi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 // 2 6 0 0 0 0 1 +SCN9A SCN9A scn9a S SC SCN SCN9 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr2 chr2 chr2 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Sodium voltage-gated sodium S So Sod Sodi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +KCNQ KCNQ kcnq K KC KCN KCNQ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr11 chr11 chr11 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Potassium voltage-gated potassium P Po Pot Pota BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Pain synaptic pain P Pa Pai Pain BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +NR1, 2 nr1, N NR NR1 NR1, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr9/ chr9/ chr9/ c ch chr chr9 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Nuclear receptor nuclear N Nu Nuc Nucl BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 +GRIA1-4 GRIA1-4 gria1-4 G GR GRI GRIA BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr5/chr4/chrX/chr11 chr5/chr4/chrX/chr11 chr5/chr4/chrx/chr11 c ch chr chr5 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 /// 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 +AR, AD/ ar, A AR AR, AR, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 ,/// 4 3 0 0 0 0 1 +AMPA receptor ampa A AM AMP AMPA BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 - 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 +NK1R NK1R nk1r N NK NK1 NK1R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr2 chr2 chr2 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Tachykinin receptor tachykinin T Ta Tac Tach BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +CACNA1A-I, S cacna1a-i, C CA CAC CACN BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 -, 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 +chr19/chr9/chr12/chr3/ chr19/chr9/chr12/chr3/ chr19/chr9/chr12/chr3/ c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 //// 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1/chrX/chr17/chr16/ chr1/chrX/chr17/chr16/ chr1/chrx/chr17/chr16/ c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 //// 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 +chr22/chr1 chr22/chr1 chr22/chr1 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 / 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 +AD/ AR/ ad/ A AD AD/ AD/ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 ///,// 6 10 0 1 0 0 1 +XL, XLR/ xl, X XL XL, XL, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 ,//// 5 9 0 1 0 0 1 +R, AD r, R R, R, R, BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 , 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 +Calcium voltage-gated calcium C Ca Cal Calc BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 -- 2 10 0 1 0 0 1 +CACNA2D1 CACNA2D1 cacna2d1 C CA CAC CACN BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 +chr7 chr7 chr7 c ch chr chr7 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 +Calcium voltage-gated calcium C Ca Cal Calc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 - 1 10 0 1 0 0 1 +delta 1 delta d de del delt BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 +(continued) (continued) (continued) ( (c (co (con BLOCKSTART PAGEEND SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 () 2 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Sharma et sharma S Sh Sha Shar BLOCKSTART PAGESTART SAMEFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 10 0 1 1 0 0 +5 5 5 5 5 5 5 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 +Gene name gene G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 +Chromosome number chromosome C Ch Chr Chro BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Inheritance a inheritance I In Inh Inhe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 7 0 1 0 0 1 +Gene annotation gene G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 +Pain modulation pain P Pa Pai Pain BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +BDNF BDNF bdnf B BD BDN BDNF BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr11 chr11 chr11 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Brain-derived neurotrophic brain-derived B Br Bra Brai BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +OPRD1/M1/K1 OPRD1/M1/K1 oprd1/m1/k1 O OP OPR OPRD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 // 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1/ chr6/ chr1/ c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 // 2 4 0 0 0 0 1 +Opioid receptor opioid O Op Opi Opio BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 // 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +CNR1 CNR1 cnr1 C CN CNR CNR1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr6 chr6 chr6 c ch chr chr6 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Cannabinoid receptor cannabinoid C Ca Can Cann BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 +GABRs (GABRD/E/ gabrs G GA GAB GABR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 (// 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 +P/Q/A1-A6/BR1- P/Q/A1-A6/BR1- p/q/a1-a6/br1- P P/ P/Q P/Q/ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 //-/- 5 3 0 0 0 0 1 +BR3/G1-G3/R1-R3 BR3/G1-G3/R1-R3 br3/g1-g3/r1-r3 B BR BR3 BR3/ BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 /-/- 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1/chrX/chr5/chrX/chr5/ chr1/chrX/chr5/chrX/chr5/ chr1/chrx/chr5/chrx/chr5/ c ch chr chr1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 ///// 5 10 0 0 0 0 1 +chr4/chrX/chr4/chr15/ chr4/chrX/chr4/chr15/ chr4/chrx/chr4/chr15/ c ch chr chr4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 //// 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 +chr5/chr4/chr5/chr15/ chr5/chr4/chr5/chr15/ chr5/chr4/chr5/chr15/ c ch chr chr5 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 //// 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 +chr4/chr5/chr15/chr6/ chr4/chr5/chr15/chr6/ chr4/chr5/chr15/chr6/ c ch chr chr4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 //// 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 +chr6/chr3 chr6/chr3 chr6/chr3 c ch chr chr6 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 / 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 +AD/ M/ ad/ A AD AD/ AD/ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 /////,/ 7 10 0 0 0 0 1 +XL/ M/ xl/ X XL XL/ XL/ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 ////// 6 8 0 0 0 0 1 +AD/ M/ ad/ A AD AD/ AD/ BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 ////// 6 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-aminobutyric G Ga Gam Gamm BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 - 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 +TNF TNF tnf T TN TNF TNF BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr6 chr6 chr6 c ch chr chr6 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Tumor necrosis tumor T Tu Tum Tumo BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +PLA2G2A PLA2G2A pla2g2a P PL PLA PLA2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AD, SMu ad, A AD AD, AD, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Phospholipase A2 phospholipase P Ph Pho Phos BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 +IL1/6/12/18 IL1/6/12/18 il1/6/12/18 I IL IL1 IL1/ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 /// 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 +chr2/chr7/chr3/chr11 chr2/chr7/chr3/chr11 chr2/chr7/chr3/chr11 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 /// 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 +M/ Mu, m/ M M/ M/ M/ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 /,,,///// 9 10 0 0 0 0 1 +COX2 COX2 cox2 C CO COX COX2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chrMT chrMT chrmt c ch chr chrM BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Cytochrome C cytochrome C Cy Cyt Cyto BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 +NTRK1 NTRK1 ntrk1 N NT NTR NTRK BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +High affinity high H Hi Hig High BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +NGF NGF ngf N NG NGF NGF BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AR AR ar A AR AR AR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Beta-nerve growth beta-nerve B Be Bet Beta BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 - 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 +GDNF GDNF gdnf G GD GDN GDNF BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr5 chr5 chr5 c ch chr chr5 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Glial cell glial G Gl Gli Glia BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +LIF LIF lif L LI LIF LIF BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +chr22 chr22 chr22 c ch chr chr2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +AD AD ad A AD AD AD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +Leukemia inhibitory leukemia L Le Leu Leuk BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +CCL2 CCL2 ccl2 C CC CCL CCL2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr17 chr17 chr17 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +C-C motif c-c C C- C-C C-C BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 - 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 +CNR2 CNR2 cnr2 C CN CNR CNR2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr1 chr1 chr1 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Cannabinoid receptor cannabinoid C Ca Can Cann BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 +TLR2/4 TLR2/4 tlr2/4 T TL TLR TLR2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr4/chr9 chr4/chr9 chr4/chr9 c ch chr chr4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 / 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 +AD, SMu/ ad, A AD AD, AD, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 ,/ 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 +Toll-like receptor toll-like T To Tol Toll BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 -/ 2 4 0 0 0 0 1 +P2RX4/7 P2RX4/7 p2rx4/7 P P2 P2R P2RX BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr12/chr12 chr12/chr12 chr12/chr12 c ch chr chr1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 / 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 +P2X purinoceptor p2x P P2 P2X P2X BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 / 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 +CX3CR1 CX3CR1 cx3cr1 C CX CX3 CX3C BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +chr3 chr3 chr3 c ch chr chr3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +CX3C chemokine cx3c C CX CX3 CX3C BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +a a a a a a a BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Inheritance based inheritance I In Inh Inhe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 :,;,;,;,;,;, 12 10 0 1 0 0 1 +X linked x X X X X BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 ;,. 3 4 0 1 0 0 1 +Table 2. table T Ta Tab Tabl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 .() 3 10 0 1 0 0 1 +been approved been b be bee been BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Research Ethics research R Re Res Rese BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 (--). 5 6 0 1 0 0 1 +Design Design design D De Des Desi BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 no 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 +Number of number N Nu Num Numb BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Twenty-four LPHS twenty-four T Tw Twe Twen BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +(run by (run ( (r (ru (run BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 () 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +study coordinator, study s st stu stud BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +study. Recruitment study. s st stu stud BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +(parents/siblings/cousins/children) is (parents/siblings/cousins/children) ( (p (pa (par BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 (///). 6 9 0 0 0 0 1 +first study first f fi fir firs BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 (, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +17) with 17) 1 17 17) 17) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 )(). 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 +addition, 6 addition, a ad add addi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 ,(:,,,,,) 9 10 0 0 0 0 1 +had a had h ha had had BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +(Figure 2). (figure ( (F (Fi (Fig BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 (). 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 +Duration of duration D Du Dur Dura BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +The study the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 (-). 4 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Participant Selection participant P Pa Par Part BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +The LPHS the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 () 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +and FG and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 (),- 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 +teria defined teria t te ter teri BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +bers that bers b be ber bers BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +the written the t th the the BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 - 1 10 0 1 0 0 1 +tion (detailed tion t ti tio tion BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 (). 3 3 0 1 0 0 1 +Inclusion criteria inclusion I In Inc Incl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 no 0 6 0 1 0 0 1 +• • • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 • 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 +• ≥18 • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 • 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 +• • • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 • 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 +• Patients • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 •(/ 3 10 0 1 0 0 1 +or urologist). or o or or or BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 ). 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 +Exclusion criteria exclusion E Ex Exc Excl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 +• • • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 • 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 +• Urological • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 • 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +(obstructive uropathy, (obstructive ( (o (ob (obs BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 (,,, 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 +polycystic kidney polycystic p po pol poly BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 ,, 2 8 0 0 0 0 1 +renal artery renal r re ren rena BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 ,, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +vein thrombosis, vein v ve vei vein BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 ,[- 3 8 0 0 0 0 1 +cracker syndrome], cracker c cr cra crac BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 ],,). 5 8 0 0 0 0 1 +• • • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 • 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 +• Additional • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 •/ 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +by kidney by b by by by BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 . 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 +Inclusion/exclusion criteria inclusion/exclusion I In Inc Incl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 / 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 +• • • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 • 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 +• Only • • • • • BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 •(/// 5 10 0 0 0 0 1 +cousin) of cousin) c co cou cous BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 ). 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Data Collection, data D Da Dat Data BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 ,, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +and Exome and a an and and BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 +Demographic Data demographic D De Dem Demo BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Data related data D Da Dat Data BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 ,,,-/- 6 10 0 0 0 0 1 +ity, occupation, ity, i it ity ity, BLOCKEND PAGEEND SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 ,,,,, 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 +6 6 6 6 6 6 6 BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 no 0 10 1 1 0 0 0 +Canadian Journal canadian C Ca Can Cana BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 no 0 10 1 1 1 0 0 +Figure 2. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 .(). 4 10 1 1 0 0 1 +generations of generations g ge gen gene BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 +Note. Proband note. N No Not Note BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 ..:,;,. 7 10 1 1 0 0 1 +comorbidities, family comorbidities, c co com como BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 ,(,, 4 9 1 1 0 0 1 +isolated hematuria, isolated i is iso isol BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 ,,,, 4 9 1 1 0 0 1 +fatigue syndrome, fatigue f fa fat fati BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 ,,,), 5 9 1 1 0 0 1 +the location the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 (), 3 10 1 1 0 0 1 +frequency of frequency f fr fre freq BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 , 1 9 1 1 0 0 1 +pain inventory pain p pa pai pain BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 no 0 9 1 1 0 0 1 +collected for collected c co col coll BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 . 1 5 1 1 0 0 1 +Laboratory Data laboratory L La Lab Labo BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Complete blood complete C Co Com Comp BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 ,, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +creatinine, albumin creatinine, c cr cre crea BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 ,,. 3 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Genetic Data genetic G Ge Gen Gene BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Rare variants rare R Ra Rar Rare BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 () 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +and in and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 (),(),- 7 10 0 0 0 0 1 +aptic transmission aptic a ap apt apti BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 (),(). 6 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Hierarchical Clustering hierarchical H Hi Hie Hier BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 no 0 10 1 1 0 0 1 +Patients will patients P Pa Pat Pati BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 ,- 2 9 1 1 0 0 1 +tory, and tory, t to tor tory BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 ,- 2 9 1 1 0 0 1 +tering (Ward's tering t te ter teri BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 ('). 4 10 1 1 0 0 1 +will be will w wi wil will BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 . 1 7 1 1 0 0 1 +Sample Collection, sample S Sa Sam Samp BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 ,, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +Venous blood venous V Ve Ven Veno BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 +and participating and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Tubes (Qiagen, tubes T Tu Tub Tube BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 (,,). 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 +from PAXgene from f fr fro from BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 +Biolabs Monarch biolabs B Bi Bio Biol BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +protocol by protocol p pr pro prot BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 .- 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 +structed using structed s st str stru BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Tagmentation kit tagmentation T Ta Tag Tagm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +with xGen with w wi wit with BLOCKEND PAGEEND SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 8 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Sharma et sharma S Sh Sha Shar BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 10 1 1 1 0 0 +7 7 7 7 7 7 7 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 10 1 1 0 0 0 +barcodes. 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Little 1. 1 1. 1. 1. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,,. 4 10 0 0 0 0 1 +and haematuria and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 +arteries. Q arteries. a ar art arte BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 ..;():- 7 6 0 0 0 0 1 +2. Vakili 2. 2 2. 2. 2. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,,.- 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 +drome. Am drome. d dr dro drom BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 ..;():-.:./. 12 9 0 0 0 0 1 +ajkd.2014.01.439 ajkd.2014.01.439 ajkd.2014.01.439 a aj ajk ajkd BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 5 ... 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 +3. Aber 3. 3 3. 3. 3. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 +the loin the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 /..;():- 8 9 0 0 0 0 1 +615. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13607.x 615. 6 61 615 615. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .:./.-... 9 6 0 0 0 0 1 +4. Spetie 4. 4 4. 4. 4. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,,,.- 6 9 0 0 0 0 1 +esis of esis e es esi esis BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 -. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Dis. 2006;47(3):419-427. dis. D Di Dis Dis. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .;():-.:./.... 14 8 0 0 0 0 1 +5. Cox 5. 5 5. 5. 5. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,,-,. 6 9 0 0 0 0 1 +genetic variants genetic g ge gen gene BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +all act all a al all all BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 -.. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 +2017;281(2):189-205. doi:10.1111/joim.12565 2017;281(2):189-205. 2 20 201 2017 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 5 ;():-.:./. 10 6 0 0 0 0 1 +6. Warejko 6. 6 6. 6. 6. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,,,. 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 +of patients of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 -. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Am Soc am A Am Am Am BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .;():-.:./. 11 8 0 0 0 0 1 +7. Daga 7. 7 7. 7. 7. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,,,. 5 8 0 0 0 0 1 +sequencing frequently sequencing s se seq sequ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 +onset nephrolithiasis onset o on ons onse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .. 2 8 0 0 0 0 1 +2018;93(1):204-213. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2017.06.025 2018;93(1):204-213. 2 20 201 2018 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 5 ;():-.:./.... 13 7 0 0 0 0 1 +8. Connaughton 8. 8 8. 8. 8. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .,. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 +chronic kidney chronic c ch chr chro BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 +Nephrol Dial nephrol N Ne Nep Neph BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 .;():.:.// 10 8 0 0 0 0 1 +gfz028 gfz028 gfz028 g gf gfz gfz0 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 +9. Schrezenmeier 9. 9 9. 9. 9. 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Journal canadien de la santé et de la maladie rénale https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581231183856 Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease Volume 10: 1 -10 © The Author(s) 2023 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/20543581231183856 journals.sagepub.com/home/cjk Basic Research Protocol 1183856C JKXXX10.1177/20543581231183856Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and DiseaseSharma et al research-article20232023 Basic Research Protocol: Exome Sequencing in Adults With Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome: A Pilot Study Aditi Sharma 1 , Matthew B. Lanktree 2,3 , Sarah Liskowich 4 , Pouneh Dokouhaki 5 , and Bhanu Prasad 6,7 Abstract Background: Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a poorly understood clinical syndrome characterized by hematuria and either unilateral or bilateral severe kidney pain in the absence of identifiable urological disease. Loin pain hematuria syndrome imposes a significant health and economic impact with a loss of productivity and quality of life in a young population. Owing to an incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology, treatment has been limited to nonspecific pain management. Nearly 60 years after its initial description, we are no further ahead in understanding the molecular pathways involved in LPHS. Objective: To outline the study design for exome sequencing in adults with LPHS and their families. Methods: In this single-center case series, 24 patients with LPHS and 2 additional first-degree family members per participant will be recruited. DNA extracted from venous blood samples will undergo exome sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System at 100× depth and will be assessed for pathogenic variants in genes associated with hematuria (number of genes in: glomerular endothelium [n = 10] and basement membrane [n = 8]), and pain pathways (number of genes in: pain transduction [n = 17], conduction [n = 8], synaptic transmission [n = 37], and modulation [n = 27]). We will further examine identified potentially pathogenic variants that co-segregate with LPHS features among affected families. Conclusions: This pilot study may identify new directions for an investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying LPHS. Abrégé Contexte: Le syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie est un syndrome clinique encore mal compris qui se caractérise par une hématurie et une forte douleur rénale unilatérale ou bilatérale en l'absence d'une maladie urologique identifiable. Le syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie a une incidence importante sur la santé et l'économie en entraînant une perte de productivité et de qualité de vie dans une population jeune. La compréhension de la physiopathologie de ce syndrome étant incomplète, le traitement a été limité à la gestion non spécifique de la douleur. Près de soixante ans après sa description initiale, nous en sommes au même point dans la compréhension des voies moléculaires impliquées dans le syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie. Objectif: Décrire le plan de l'étude pour le séquençage de l'exome chez les adultes atteints du syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie et des membres de leur famille. Méthodologie: Pour cette série de cas menée dans un seul center, nous recruterons 24 patients atteints du syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie et deux membres au premier degré de leur famille. L'ADN extrait d'échantillons de sang veineux sera soumis à un séquençage de l'exome sur le système Ilumina NovaSeq 6000 réglé à 100X de profondeur. Il sera également analysé pour la présence de variants pathogènes dans les gènes associés à l'hématurie (nombre de gènes dans l'endothélium glomérulaire [n = 10] et la membrane basale [n = 8]), et aux voies de transmission de la douleur (nombre de gènes dans la transduction [n = 17], la conduction [n = 8], la transmission synaptique [n = 37] et la modulation [n = 27] de la douleur). Nous poursuivrons l'examen des variants potentiellement pathogènes identifiés qui co-ségrègent avec les caractéristiques du syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie parmi les familles touchées. Conclusion: Cette étude pilote pourrait révéler de nouveaux axes de recherche sur les mécanismes moléculaires qui sous-tendent le syndrome de lombalgie-hématurie. Keywords loin pain hematuria syndrome, exome sequencing, rare disease, eGFR, hematuria, chronic pain Received November 9, 2022. Accepted for publication May 18, 2023. + + 2 + + Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease + + What was known before Hematuria in patients with loin pain hematuria syndrome is glomerular in origin, but the source of pain is a mystery. What this adds We outline our study protocol to investigate genetic variants in the glomerular endothelium and basement membrane as potential contributors to glomerular hematuria in LPHS. We will also evaluate variants in candidate genes in pain path-ways. We anticipate that the results from this study will iden-tify new directions for an investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying LPHS pathophysiology. Introduction Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) remains a poorly understood chronic pain disorder since its first description in 1967. 1 With a reported prevalence of .012%, 2 it typically affects young women in their late 20s or early 30s. Patients with LPHS experience debilitating flank (loin) pain, which can be unilateral or bilateral, along with gross or microscopic hematuria. 2,3 In 1996, Hebert et al proposed glomerular hematuria as the instigating event, sequentially leading to tubular obstruction, back leak of glomerular filtrate, and local parenchymal edema promoting compression of adja-cent tubules and subsequent capsular stretch leading to pain. 4 However, the absence of pain in other clinical conditions that include red blood cell and cellular cast formation including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), pyelonephritis, IgA nephropa-thy (Henoch Schoenlein Syndrome), vasculitis, and antiglo-merular basement membrane disease argues against the validity of this mechanism. We believe LPHS likely repre-sents a heterogeneous collection of cases that present with shared phenotypic features of glomerular hematuria and pain originating from the kidneys but with different pathogenesis and natural history. Glomerular hematuria in the absence of proteinuria is typically associated with defects in the glomerular filtration barrier, as most forms of podocyte injury lead to some degree of proteinuria. The remaining structural components of the filtration barrier include the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the specialized fenestrated glomerular endothe-lial cells (GEC). Glomerular basement membrane plays a key role in keeping the cellular elements of blood from tres-passing into the urinary space. The best technique to evaluate GBM structure is electron microscopy of a kidney biopsy. However, electron microscopy has not revealed structural deficits in the GBM structure of most patient's with LPHS. 4 There is a real need for an enhanced understanding of LPHS pathogenesis using advanced cellular and molecular technologies to explicate, detect, and diagnose both its pres-ence and probable outcome to treatment. Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies over the last 2 decades have enabled the extensive unbiased interrogation of the exome, with patient/parent trio being a successful approach for identifying candidates and de novo variants. Specifically, the trio exome analysis has added crucial insights for diseases with complex pathogenesis and a heter-ogenous rate of progressions, such as IgA nephropathy, 5 ste-roid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, 6 nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. 7 In addition, for diseases like chronic kid-ney disease (CKD) of unknown cause, where renal ultra-sounds and kidney biopsies are uninformative and are unable to distinguish between multiple diseases, exome sequencing has led to the identification of 500 monogenic causes of CKD, 8,9 which in turn led to an increased diagnosis rate. 10 Similarly, a phenotypic spectrum of GBM abnormalities has been reported in patients with rare pathogenic variants in type IV collagen genes (COL4A3/4/5), classically associated with Alport syndrome, ranging from severe abnormalities in GBM thickness to no visible abnormalities at all. The identi-fication of more than 1000 mutations in the COL43/4/5 genes 11,12 that encode for the type IV collagen A3A4A5 het-erotrimer (a major component of the GBM), has led to the reclassification of Alport syndrome and benign familial hematuria/thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) as type IV collagen nephropathies, 13 promoting genetic test-ing as the gold standard in understanding the prognosis of the phenotype. Therefore, we believe that the next logical step will be to interrogate the genes that encode the filtration bar-rier in patients with LPHS. There are 8 genes that encode GBM and receptors and 10 genes that code for endothelial cells that we know of to date. 14 While hematuria is believed to be glomerular in origin, the genesis of the pain remains an unsolved issue. The transmis-sion of pain from the viscera to the brain involves a pathway that is controlled by a series of genes that code for transduc-tion, conduction, synaptic transduction, and modulation. Specialized receptors, expressed in the peripheral termini of these neurons, allow noxious stimuli to be transduced into electrical impulses. The local membrane depolarization gen-erated by stimulus transduction is transmitted along the axon by specific channels, some of which are expressed + + 1 Dr. T. Bhanu Prasad Med Prof Corp, Regina, SK, Canada 2 Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada 3 Division of Nephrology, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada 4 Department of Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada 5 Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada 6 Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Regina General Hospital, SK, Canada 7 College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada Corresponding Author: Bhanu Prasad, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Regina General Hospital, 1440, 14th Avenue, Regina, SK S4P 0W5, Canada. Email: bprasad@sasktel.net + + Sharma et al + + 3 + + specifically in nociceptors. Transmission is modulated by specific channels, which generally act to reduce excitability. Nociceptors terminate in the spinal cord dorsal horn, forming synapses with nociceptive-specific spinal projection neurons. From the spinal cord, information is transmitted to the brain stem and then processed by a pain matrix in multiple brain regions. Descending input from the brain to the spinal cord back to the periphery can both inhibit and facilitate the trans-mission of information in nociceptive circuits. We believe that LPHS patients have either gain-of-function mutation of the pain pathways and/or a loss-of-function mutation in the pain dampening pathways. We hypothesize that rare variants identified in this study will help delineate disease pathways from a syndrome driven by clinically ascertained phenotype as a diagnosis of exclusion into one based on the molecular basis of disease that leads to hematuria and physically inca-pacitating pain (Figure 1). To improve the sensitivity and specificity to identify a responsible variant over singleton analysis, we decided to perform a family-based analysis. Exome sequencing will be performed in LPHS-affected pro-bands and participating first-degree family members, to effectively detect de novo and compound heterozygous vari-ants. In the absence of parents, analysis will be performed on the other family members such as siblings or cousins. Systematic Review of Observational Studies We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify published studies on LPHS (search term: "loin pain hematuria" OR "Loin pain-hematuria" OR "loin pain/haematuria" OR "loin pain haematuria"). The search was generated in September 2021, with no date limits set. A total of 110 articles were identified. Studies with no abstracts or articles were excluded (n = 6). Upon review of 104 LPHS articles included, encompassing 610 LPHS patients, with 68% of the articles and 87% of patients reported from the United States and United Kingdom alone. With all articles published so far focusing on symptomatic pain management using oral narcotic therapy and/or interventional management strategies such as intra-ureteric infusions, 15-17 surgical renal denervation, 18-20 radiofrequency ablation, 21-23 neuromodula-tion, 24-26 and auto-transplantation, 27-31 we did not identify any studies looking at (A) evidence of familial clustering of LPHS or its components, variability in prevalence across different ancestries, or antecedent exposures or condition, or (B) vari-ants in genes coding for proteins that are involved in GEC, GBM, or the pain pathways. Research Objectives The specific objectives of the study are as follows: Objective 1: Identify potentially pathogenic variants in 18 genes associated with hematuria 14 (Table 1). Objective 2: Identify potentially pathogenic variants in 89 genes associated with pain syndromes 32 (Table 2). Methods We plan to conduct a single-center, pilot study with the aim of decoding the molecular basis of LPHS. The study has Figure 1. Study design. + + 4 + + Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease + + Table 1. Candidate Genes to be Investigated for Contributing to Hematuria in LPHS. Gene name Chromosome number Inheritance a Gene annotation Glomerular basement membrane and receptors LAMB2 chr3 AR Laminin subunit beta 2 LAMA5 chr20 AR Laminin subunit alpha 5 ITGA3 chr17 AR Integrin subunit alpha 3 COL4A3/4/5 chr2/chr2/chrX AR, AD/AR, AD/XLD Collagen type IV alpha 3/4/5 chain GPC5 chr13 Glypican 5 CD151 chr11 CD151 molecule -transmembrane 4 superfamily Endothelial cells CFH chr1 AR, AD Complement factor H CFB chr6 AR, AD, DD Complement factor B CFI chr4 AR, AD Complement factor I C3 chr19 AR, AD Complement C3 MCP chr1 AR, AD Membrane cofactor protein THBD chr20 AD Thrombomodulin PLG chr6 AR, AD Plasminogen DGKE chr17 AR Diacylglycerol kinase epsilon INF2 chr14 AD Inverted formin 2 MMACHC chr1 AR Metabolism of cobalamin associated C a Inheritance based on OMIM database: AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive; Mu, multifactorial; SMu, somatic mutation; XL, X linked; XLR, X linked recessive; XLD, X linked dominant Table 2. Candidate Genes to be Investigated for Understanding Pain in LPHS Patients. Gene name Chromosome number Inheritance a Gene annotation Pain transduction TRPV1/2/3/4 chr17/chr17/chr17/chr12 TRPV3/4: AD Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1/2/3/4 P2RX3 chr11 P2X purinergic receptor TRPM8 chr2 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 TRPA1 chr8 AD Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 P2RY12 chr3 AR Purinergic receptor P2y12 BDKRB1/2 chr14/chr14 Bradykinin receptor B1/2 HTR3a chr11 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 3a ACCN1/2 chr17/chr12 Acid sensing ion channel subunit 1/2 TRPC/P chr13 Transient receptor potential canonical Pain conduction SCN10A chr3 AD Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 SCN11A chr3 AD Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 SCN1,3,8A chr2/chr2/chr12 AD/AD/AD Sodium channel protein type 1/3/8A SCN9A chr2 AR, AD Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 KCNQ chr11 AR, AD Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q Pain synaptic transmission NR1, 2 chr9/ AR, AD Nuclear receptor subfamily 1/2 GRIA1-4 chr5/chr4/chrX/chr11 AR, AD/ AD/ XLR/ AD AMPA receptor 1-4 NK1R chr2 Tachykinin receptor 1 CACNA1A-I, S chr19/chr9/chr12/chr3/ chr1/chrX/chr17/chr16/ chr22/chr1 AD/ AR/ AD/ AR, AD/ AD/ XL, XLR/ AD/ AD/ AD/ A R, AD Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A-S CACNA2D1 chr7 AR Calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2 delta 1 (continued) + + Sharma et al + + 5 + + Gene name Chromosome number Inheritance a Gene annotation Pain modulation BDNF chr11 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor OPRD1/M1/K1 chr1/ chr6/ chr8 Opioid receptor delta 1/Mu1/kappa 1 CNR1 chr6 Cannabinoid receptor 1 GABRs (GABRD/E/ P/Q/A1-A6/BR1-BR3/G1-G3/R1-R3 chr1/chrX/chr5/chrX/chr5/ chr4/chrX/chr4/chr15/ chr5/chr4/chr5/chr15/ chr4/chr5/chr15/chr6/ chr6/chr3 AD/ M/ M/ M/ AD/ AD, Mu/ XL/ M/ AD/ M/ AD/AD/ AD/ M/ AD/ M/ M/ M/ M Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors TNF chr6 AD Tumor necrosis factor PLA2G2A chr1 AD, SMu Phospholipase A2 IL1/6/12/18 chr2/chr7/chr3/chr11 M/ Mu, SMu, AR, AD/ M/ M Interleukin 1/6/12/18 COX2 chrMT Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 2 NTRK1 chr1 AR High affinity nerve growth factor receptor NGF chr1 AR Beta-nerve growth factor GDNF chr5 AD Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor LIF chr22 AD Leukemia inhibitory factor CCL2 chr17 C-C motif chemokine 2 CNR2 chr1 Cannabinoid receptor 2 TLR2/4 chr4/chr9 AD, SMu/ M Toll-like receptor 2/4 P2RX4/7 chr12/chr12 P2X purinoceptor 4/7 CX3CR1 chr3 CX3C chemokine receptor 1 a Inheritance based on OMIM database: AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive; Mu, multifactorial; SMu, somatic mutation; XL, X linked; XLR, X linked recessive; M, missing or no information in OMIM database. Table 2. (continued) been approved by the Saskatchewan Health Authority Research Ethics Board (REB-22-66). Design Number of Subjects Twenty-four LPHS patients referred to the nephrology clinic (run by the corresponding author) were approached by the study coordinator, and all 24 agreed to participate in the study. Recruitment of 2 family members of the LPHS patient (parents/siblings/cousins/children) is ongoing. We are the first study to identify and report 2 patients with LPHS (12, 17) with a positive family history of LPHS (Figure 2). In addition, 6 LPHS patients (LPHS: 01, 02, 04, 05, 11, and 21) had a positive family history of intermittent hematuria (Figure 2). Duration of Study Period The study period extended for about 3 years (2022-2025). Participant Selection and Informed Consent The LPHS patients have been identified by BP (Nephrologist) and FG (Urologist), based on the inclusion and exclusion cri-teria defined by Spetie et al 4 All patients and family mem-bers that meet the eligibility criteria will need to complete the written consent forms followed by baseline data collec-tion (detailed below). Inclusion criteria for LPHS patient • ≥18 years of age • Patients diagnosed with LPHS (by nephrologist and/ or urologist). Exclusion criteria for LPHS patient • Urological causes of flank pain and hematuria (obstructive uropathy, nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, renal artery embolism, renal artery dissection, renal papillary necrosis, renal vein thrombosis, left renal vein entrapment [nut-cracker syndrome], renal trauma, or renal tumor). • Additional functional/structural reason for hematuria by kidney biopsy or other interventions. Inclusion/exclusion criteria for family members • Only family members (parents/siblings/children/first cousin) of the patient who provide informed consent. Data Collection, Sample Collection, and Exome Analysis Demographic Data Data related to age, sex, gender, self-reported race/ethnic-ity, occupation, socioeconomic status, weight, height, + + 6 + + Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease + + Figure 2. Pedigree of LPHS patients with a family history of LPHS or isolated hematuria (IH). Roman numbers represent the generations of the family. Note. Proband is indicated by arrow. Abbreviations: k, kidney stones; m, migraine. comorbidities, family history of diseases (eg, kidney stones, isolated hematuria, LPHS, diabetes, hypertension, chronic fatigue syndrome, mood disorders, asthma, and allergies), the location of pain (bilateral or unilateral), the number and frequency of pain medications, and pain score using the brief pain inventory form and PainDetect questionnaire will be collected for the LPHS patients. Laboratory Data Complete blood count, serum electrolytes, serum urea and creatinine, albumin creatinine ratio, and urine analysis. Genetic Data Rare variants in genes associated with hematuria (n = 18) and in pain transduction (n = 17), conduction (n = 8), syn-aptic transmission (n = 37), and pain modulation (n = 27). Hierarchical Clustering of Patient Phenotype Data Patients will be grouped based on their demographic, labora-tory, and genetic data using unsupervised hierarchical clus-tering (Ward's method with Euclidean distances). 33 The data will be presented as clustered dendrograms. Sample Collection, Storage, and Preparation Venous blood samples will be collected for study probands and participating family members in PAXgene Blood RNA Tubes (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). DNA will be extracted from PAXgene Blood RNA Tube using the New England Biolabs Monarch Genomic DNA Purification Kit as per the protocol by Kruhøffer et al. 34 DNA libraries will be con-structed using the Illumina DNA Prep with Enrichment, Tagmentation kit and IDT xGen Exome Research Panel v2 with xGen Universal Blockers-NXT Mix and dual unique + + Sharma et al + + 7 + + barcodes. Paired-end sequencing (2 × 150 bps) on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System at 100× depth for exome sequencing. Library preparation and sequencing will be per-formed for all family members at the same time to minimize potential artifactual differences due to sample preparation. DNA samples will be stored at -80° centigrade to allow for future verification studies. Exome Analysis As depicted in Figure 3, raw fastq files will be processed to remove adapter sequences using cutadapt (v1.11). 35 Reads with quality score of ≥30 will be retained for analysis. Contaminating reads will be removed after aligning of the processed reads to the human genome using BWA 36 and Samtools. 37 The reads will be preprocessed using the Genomic Analysis Tool Kit (GATK), as per the recommen-dations in the Best Practices Workflow by the GATK 38 for all positions with ≥20× coverage, genotype quality ≥20, and minor read ratio ≥0.2 for indel alignment, base quality score recalibration, base alignment quality scoring, and variant calling (single-nucleotide variants [SNVs], indels, short tan-dem repeats [STRs], structural variant [SV]). Variant allele frequency (VAF) will be calculated as the percentage of sequence reads observed for the alternative allele compared to all coverage of that nucleotide. Exome data will first be evaluated for genes associated with isolated hematuria and pain (as listed in Tables 1 and 2). The variants will be further filtered and prioritized using VarSeq software (Golden Helix, Bozeman, MT, USA) and variant effect predictor. Benign variants with MAF (minor allele frequency) >1% in any ancestry will be eliminated using the 1000 Genomes Project, 39 dbSNP, 40 gnomAD 41 and National Institutes of Health (NIH)'s All of Us. 42 In silico bioinformatic prediction of pathogenicity of variants will be performed using the fol-lowing prediction algorithms: scale-invariant feature trans-form (SIFT), 43 PolyPhen2, 44 Mutation Taster, 45 CADD, 46 VEST, 47 and FATHMM. 48 Finally, the candidate variants will be checked against the human gene mutation database (HGMD) 41 , LOVD, 12 Clinvar, 49 and Alport database. 50 A multidisciplinary team will then review each variant for evi-dence of pathogenicity and contribution to the phenotype and classify them according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. 51 Possible pathogenic loci will be screened according to 3 heredity models, namely autoso-mal recessive (AR) inheritance, autosomal dominant (AD), and X-linked inheritance. Sanger sequencing will be carried out to validate potentially pathogenic variants identified through high-throughput exome sequencing. Special atten-tion will be paid to de novo variants, not present in parents, as well as variants with variant allele frequencies suggestive of potential somatic variation. Finally, we will also assess for the presence of copy number variation using CoNIFER, 52 cn.MOPS, 53 and CNVkit. 54 To evaluate the pathogenicity of a rare variant, we will look at the segregation of variants among all sequenced family members using (A) probability-based models by Helbig et al 55 and Jarvik et al, 56 and (B) gene-based segregation methods. 57 Potential Risks to the Participants In Canada, people are protected from being required to provide the results of a genetic test by the Genetic Non-Discrimination Act. 58 The genetic results will not be Figure 3. Pipeline for exome data analysis. + + 8 + + Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease + + disclosed to any third party such as employers, insurance companies, or educational institutions. The confidentiality of the participant will be respected. All collected samples will be assigned a unique study number, with no reference to indi-vidual identifiers. As this research involves looking at genetic information, it carries the risk of identifying an underlying genetic change(s) which are unrelated to this study and have the potential of affecting the participant. However, this research is being conducted for the scientific purpose of understanding only the cause of pain and hematuria in LPHS patients. In addition, the results of this research project will not be placed in the participant's medical record. All efforts will be made to safeguard participants' privacy. + +
Author Contributions BP conceived and designed the study. AS wrote the initial draft. ML and SL assisted with the drafts. ML provided advice regarding genetic study design. BP edited the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: BP has received speaker and advisory fees from Bayer, Otsuka and Astra Zeneca. MBL has received speaker and advisory fees from Otsuka, Reata, Bayer, and Sanofi Genzyme.
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Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The author(s) received financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article from the Hospitals of Regina Foundation. MBL has funding support from CIHR project grant (grant no. 201909-PJT). The funding sources had no role in the design, conduct, and analysis of the study or in the decision to sub-mit the manuscript for publication.
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Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate The study will be conducted in accordance with the second edition of the Tri-Council Policy Statement-Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans-TCPS 2. We have received REB certificate of approval for the study (REB-22-66). Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants in the study. Consent for Publication Not applicable as there is no patient identifying information in this article.
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Availability of Data and Materials The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
+ + ORCID iDs Matthew B. Lanktree https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-6286 Bhanu Prasad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-4821 + + References 1. Little PJ, Sloper JS, de Wardener HE. A syndrome of loin pain and haematuria associated with disease of peripheral renal arteries. Q J Med. 1967;36(142):253-259 2. Vakili STT, Alam T, Sollinger H. Loin pain hematuria syn-drome. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;64(3):460-472. doi:10.1053/j. ajkd.2014.01.439 3. Aber GM, Higgins PM. The natural history and management of the loin pain/haematuria syndrome. Br J Urol. 1982;54(6):613-615. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13607.x 4. Spetie DN, Nadasdy T, Nadasdy G, et al. Proposed pathogen-esis of idiopathic loin pain-hematuria syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47(3):419-427. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.11.029 5. Cox SN, Pesce F, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, et al. Multiple rare genetic variants co-segregating with familial IgA nephropathy all act within a single immune-related network. 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