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<meta name="description" content="转载，英文原文链接 网上很多人宣称可以给windows系统提供一个通用adb驱动，但他们通常只是重新打包一下Google提供给亲儿子Nexus设备的USB驱动包，通过修改android_winusb_inf文件，添加大量USB的Vendor ID和Product ID进去。为什么这样还做不到真正的通用呢？因为如果你设备的ID信息没有添加进去，这样的驱动并不能驱动你的设备。然而微软的系统提供一种实现">
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如何制作一个windows下真正通用的adb驱动
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<p>转载，英文原文<a href="http://ktnr74.blogspot.com/2014/11/how-to-make-truly-universal-adb-and.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="How to make the truly universal adb and fastboot drivers for Windows">链接</a> 网上很多人宣称可以给windows系统提供一个通用adb驱动，但他们通常只是重新打包一下Google提供给亲儿子Nexus设备的USB驱动包，通过修改<code>android_winusb_inf</code>文件，添加大量USB的<code>Vendor ID</code>和<code>Product ID</code>进去。为什么这样还做不到真正的通用呢？因为如果你设备的ID信息没有添加进去，这样的驱动并不能驱动你的设备。<br>然而微软的系统提供一种实现通用的驱动的方法。给一个设备寻找相应驱动的时候，windows系统可以通过硬件ID（例如：USB的<code>Vendor ID</code>和<code>Product ID</code>），也可以通过兼容ID(例如：<code>InterfaceClassClassID</code>，<code>InterfaceSubClassID和InterfaceProtocolID</code>)。幸运的是，所有安卓adb驱动的接口ID都是一样的。<br>在几年前，我曾经做了一个这样的adb驱动，并已经在很多不同的安卓设备上试验成功。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>如下面步骤所述，你也可以自己制作一个安卓的adb驱动：</p>
<ol>
<li>通过官网下载最新的<a href="https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/repository/latest_usb_driver_windows.zip" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google USB driver</a>。</li>
<li>解压到<code>usb_driver</code>文件夹</li>
<li>使用文档编辑器（例如Notepad++）打开<code>usb_driver\\android_winusb.inf</code>文件</li>
<li>把<code>[Google.Ntx86]</code>和<code>[Google.NTamd64]</code>的内容修改成如下所示：<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Google.NTx86]</span><br><span class="line">%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_01</span><br><span class="line">%SingleBootLoaderInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_03</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Google.NTamd64]</span><br><span class="line">%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_01</span><br><span class="line">%SingleBootLoaderInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_03</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>保存文件，这样你就有了一个真正的通用adb驱动。 如果需要的话，不要忘了更新文件<code>.android\\adb_usb.ini</code>。 在安装完这个驱动的时候，可以通过一下命令测试驱动是否在运行，可以顺便测试一下是否加载到之前的驱动。<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">powershell "gwmi Win32_USBControllerDevice | %{[wmi]($_.Dependent)} | </span><br><span class="line">?{$_.CompatibleID -like \"USB\Class_ff^&SubClass_42^&Prot_0?\"} | fl Name,DeviceID,Service"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
修改后的inf文件如下所示：<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">;</span><br><span class="line">; Android WinUsb driver installation.</span><br><span class="line">;</span><br><span class="line">[Version]</span><br><span class="line">Signature = "$Windows NT$"</span><br><span class="line">Class = AndroidUsbDeviceClass</span><br><span class="line">ClassGuid = {3F966BD9-FA04-4ec5-991C-D326973B5128}</span><br><span class="line">Provider = %ProviderName%</span><br><span class="line">DriverVer = 08/28/2014,11.0.0000.00000</span><br><span class="line">CatalogFile.NTx86 = androidwinusb86.cat</span><br><span class="line">CatalogFile.NTamd64 = androidwinusba64.cat</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[ClassInstall32]</span><br><span class="line">Addreg = AndroidWinUsbClassReg</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[AndroidWinUsbClassReg]</span><br><span class="line">HKR,,,0,%ClassName%</span><br><span class="line">HKR,,Icon,,-1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Manufacturer]</span><br><span class="line">%ProviderName% = Google, NTx86, NTamd64</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Google.NTx86]</span><br><span class="line">%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_01</span><br><span class="line">%SingleBootLoaderInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_03</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Google.NTamd64]</span><br><span class="line">%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_01</span><br><span class="line">%SingleBootLoaderInterface% = USB_Install, USB\Class_ff&SubClass_42&Prot_03</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[USB_Install]</span><br><span class="line">Include = winusb.inf</span><br><span class="line">Needs = WINUSB.NT</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[USB_Install.Services]</span><br><span class="line">Include = winusb.inf</span><br><span class="line">AddService = WinUSB,0x00000002,WinUSB_ServiceInstall</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[WinUSB_ServiceInstall]</span><br><span class="line">DisplayName = %WinUSB_SvcDesc%</span><br><span class="line">ServiceType = 1</span><br><span class="line">StartType = 3</span><br><span class="line">ErrorControl = 1</span><br><span class="line">ServiceBinary = %12%\WinUSB.sys</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[USB_Install.Wdf]</span><br><span class="line">KmdfService = WINUSB, WinUSB_Install</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[WinUSB_Install]</span><br><span class="line">KmdfLibraryVersion = 1.9</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[USB_Install.HW]</span><br><span class="line">AddReg = Dev_AddReg</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Dev_AddReg]</span><br><span class="line">HKR,,DeviceInterfaceGUIDs,0x10000,"{F72FE0D4-CBCB-407d-8814-9ED673D0DD6B}"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[USB_Install.CoInstallers]</span><br><span class="line">AddReg = CoInstallers_AddReg</span><br><span class="line">CopyFiles = CoInstallers_CopyFiles</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[CoInstallers_AddReg]</span><br><span class="line">HKR,,CoInstallers32,0x00010000,"WdfCoInstaller01009.dll,WdfCoInstaller","WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[CoInstallers_CopyFiles]</span><br><span class="line">WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll</span><br><span class="line">WdfCoInstaller01009.dll</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[DestinationDirs]</span><br><span class="line">CoInstallers_CopyFiles=11</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[SourceDisksNames]</span><br><span class="line">1 = %DISK_NAME%,,,\i386</span><br><span class="line">2 = %DISK_NAME%,,,\amd64</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[SourceDisksFiles.x86]</span><br><span class="line">WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll = 1</span><br><span class="line">WdfCoInstaller01009.dll = 1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[SourceDisksFiles.amd64]</span><br><span class="line">WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll = 2</span><br><span class="line">WdfCoInstaller01009.dll = 2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Strings]</span><br><span class="line">ProviderName = "Google, Inc."</span><br><span class="line">SingleAdbInterface = "Android ADB Interface"</span><br><span class="line">CompositeAdbInterface = "Android Composite ADB Interface"</span><br><span class="line">SingleBootLoaderInterface = "Android Bootloader Interface"</span><br><span class="line">WinUSB_SvcDesc = "Android USB Driver"</span><br><span class="line">DISK_NAME = "Android WinUsb installation disk"</span><br><span class="line">ClassName = "Android Device"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<p>全文已经翻译完了，后面是彩蛋。 经过初步验证，大部分机型的确都是能够进行adb shell来连接，但是好像某些机型还是不行的，但是查看设备管理器可以看出加载了<code>android adb driver</code>。但是adb连接时就显示<code>error: device not found</code>，初步推断应该不关驱动的事，看了原文前几几篇博客，发现原文把这类问题叫做<code>ADB connection trouble-shooting</code>，解决的关键是修改<code>adb_usb.ini</code>，把设备的<code>USB Vendor ID</code>添加到<code>adb_usb.ini</code>中。<br>然后问题来了，<code>adb_usb.ini</code>在哪里呢，原文说默认路径是<code>%USERPROFILE%\\.android\\adb_usb.ini</code>，是在用户目录下的。但是如果设置了<code>ANDROID_SDK_HOME</code>，路径应该是在<code>%ANDROID_SDK_HOME%\\.android\\adb_usb.ini</code>下，然后我就保险起见，全部都添加了<code>Vendor ID</code>，但是还是不行。<br>在网上看到一个说法，是要在Android SDK的目录下，tools文件夹里运行一句命令：</p>
<p><code>Android update adb</code></p>
<p>这样自动生成<code>adb_usb.ini</code>，生成的<code>adb_usb.ini</code>有如下内容</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># ANDROID 3RD PARTY USB VENDOR ID LIST -- DO NOT EDIT.</span><br><span class="line"># USE 'android update adb' TO GENERATE.</span><br><span class="line"># 1 USB VENDOR ID PER LINE.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后就在里面添加<code>Vendor ID</code>，如<code>0xFFFF</code>。有时候<code>.android</code>自动生成在用户目录，有时候生成在SDK的目录下。 然后问题来了，为什么某些手机厂商在adb连接时要手动添加<code>Vendor ID</code>呢？看了<a href="http://developer.android.com/tools/device.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Using Hardware Devices">Using Hardware Devices</a>这个页面就知道了，很多大厂商都向Google申请一个<code>Vendor ID</code>，然后这些厂商的ID就集成到adb驱动中，不用再手动添加到<code>adb_usb.ini</code>中。例如某些手机厂家，如魅族，TCL，并没有像Google申请一个ID号，所以就算驱动能够识别，adb都连接不上这些<code>Vendor ID</code>的手机，除非在<code>adb_usb.ini</code>中添加上ID号。以上是个人猜测，因为试了很多手机，发现魅族连接不上，而且Google官网没有其<code>Vendor ID</code>，要在<code>adb_usb.ini</code>中添加<code>Vendor ID</code>号才能够连接。 如果需要写脚本自动获取设备的<code>Vendor ID</code>到<code>adb_usb.ini</code>中，原文提供了一个<code>powershell</code>命令，在cmd中执行以下就行了。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">powershell "gwmi Win32_USBControllerDevice | %{[wmi]($_.Dependent)} | </span><br><span class="line">?{$_.CompatibleID -like \"USB\Class_ff^&SubClass_42^&Prot_0?\"} | </span><br><span class="line">%{write \"0x$([regex]::match($_.deviceid.tolower(), 'vid_(\w+)').groups[1].value)\"} | </span><br><span class="line">sort -u" >> %ANDROID_SDK_HOME%\.android\adb_usb.ini</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>记得设相应的环境变量，如果<code>powershell</code>命令找不到的可以输入：</p>
<p><code>%SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe</code></p>
<p>搞定收工。</p>
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