module_paths_extended_info.tsv

module	path_id	path_name	name	class	description	compounds
1	M00001_C00022	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
2	M00001_C00022	hsa00010	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, D-Glucose, Acetate, Oxaloacetate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Acetaldehyde, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, (S)-Lactate, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, beta-D-Glucose, 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, alpha-D-Glucose, D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Ethanol, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Salicin, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Arbutin, Arbutin 6-phosphate, Salicin 6-phosphate, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
3	M00002_C00022	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
4	M00002_C00022	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
5	M00002_C00022	hsa00010	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, D-Glucose, Acetate, Oxaloacetate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Acetaldehyde, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, (S)-Lactate, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, beta-D-Glucose, 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, alpha-D-Glucose, D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Ethanol, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Salicin, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Arbutin, Arbutin 6-phosphate, Salicin 6-phosphate, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
6	M00003_C05345	hsa00010	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, D-Glucose, Acetate, Oxaloacetate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Acetaldehyde, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, (S)-Lactate, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, beta-D-Glucose, 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, alpha-D-Glucose, D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Ethanol, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Salicin, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Arbutin, Arbutin 6-phosphate, Salicin 6-phosphate, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
7	M00003_C05345	hsa00020	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The cycle starts with acetyl-CoA, the activated form of acetate, derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. In a series of reactions two carbons in citrate are oxidized to CO2 and the reaction pathway supplies NADH for use in the oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic processes. The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. At the end of the cycle the remaining four-carbon part is transformed back to oxaloacetate. According to the genome sequence data, many organisms seem to lack genes for the full cycle [MD:M00009], but contain genes for specific segments [MD:M00010 M00011].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, 2-Oxoglutarate, Oxaloacetate, Succinate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Succinyl-CoA, Fumarate, (S)-Malate, Citrate, Isocitrate, cis-Aconitate, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Oxalosuccinate, 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
8	M00004_R02739	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
9	M00004_R02739	hsa00030	Pentose phosphate pathway	Pentose phosphate pathway - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:M00006]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:M00007]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:M00005] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:M00008].	Pyruvate, D-Glucose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Ribose 5-phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, D-Ribose, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone, D-Ribulose 5-phosphate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, beta-D-Glucose, D-Xylulose 5-phosphate, D-Gluconic acid, D-Glycerate, D-Erythrose 4-phosphate, 6-Phospho-D-gluconate, D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde, alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate, D-Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, 6-Phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate, Deoxyribose, Sedoheptulose, 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate, Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate, 2-Keto-D-gluconic acid, D-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate
10	M00006_C00199	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
11	M00006_C00199	hsa00030	Pentose phosphate pathway	Pentose phosphate pathway - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:M00006]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:M00007]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:M00005] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:M00008].	Pyruvate, D-Glucose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Ribose 5-phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, D-Ribose, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone, D-Ribulose 5-phosphate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, beta-D-Glucose, D-Xylulose 5-phosphate, D-Gluconic acid, D-Glycerate, D-Erythrose 4-phosphate, 6-Phospho-D-gluconate, D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde, alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate, D-Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, 6-Phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate, Deoxyribose, Sedoheptulose, 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate, Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate, 2-Keto-D-gluconic acid, D-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate
12	M00007_C00117	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
13	M00007_C00117	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
14	M00007_C00117	hsa00030	Pentose phosphate pathway	Pentose phosphate pathway - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:M00006]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:M00007]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:M00005] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:M00008].	Pyruvate, D-Glucose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Ribose 5-phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, D-Ribose, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone, D-Ribulose 5-phosphate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, beta-D-Glucose, D-Xylulose 5-phosphate, D-Gluconic acid, D-Glycerate, D-Erythrose 4-phosphate, 6-Phospho-D-gluconate, D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde, alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate, D-Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, 6-Phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate, Deoxyribose, Sedoheptulose, 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate, Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate, 2-Keto-D-gluconic acid, D-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate
15	M00009_R00342,R00361	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
16	M00009_R00342,R00361	hsa00020	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The cycle starts with acetyl-CoA, the activated form of acetate, derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. In a series of reactions two carbons in citrate are oxidized to CO2 and the reaction pathway supplies NADH for use in the oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic processes. The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. At the end of the cycle the remaining four-carbon part is transformed back to oxaloacetate. According to the genome sequence data, many organisms seem to lack genes for the full cycle [MD:M00009], but contain genes for specific segments [MD:M00010 M00011].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, 2-Oxoglutarate, Oxaloacetate, Succinate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Succinyl-CoA, Fumarate, (S)-Malate, Citrate, Isocitrate, cis-Aconitate, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Oxalosuccinate, 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
17	M00010_C00026	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
18	M00010_C00026	hsa01210	2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism	2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	2-Oxocarboxylic acids, also called 2-oxo acids and alpha-keto acids, are the most elementary set of metabolites that includes pyruvate (2-oxopropanoate), 2-oxobutanoate, oxaloacetate (2-oxosuccinate) and 2-oxoglutarate. This diagram illustrates the architecture of chain extension and modification reaction modules for 2-oxocarboxylic acids. The chain extension module RM001 is a tricarboxylic pathway where acetyl-CoA derived carbon is used to extend the chain length by one. The chain modification modules RM002 (including RM032) and RM033, together with a reductive amination step (RC00006 or RC00036), generate basic and branched-chain amino acids, respectively. The modification module RM030 is used in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, a class of plant secondary metabolites, for conversion to oxime followed by addition of thio-glucose moiety. Furthermore, the chain extension from 2-oxoadipate to 2-oxosuberate is followed by coenzyme B biosynthesis in methonogenic archaea.	NA
19	M00010_C00026	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
20	M00010_C00026	hsa00020	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The cycle starts with acetyl-CoA, the activated form of acetate, derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. In a series of reactions two carbons in citrate are oxidized to CO2 and the reaction pathway supplies NADH for use in the oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic processes. The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. At the end of the cycle the remaining four-carbon part is transformed back to oxaloacetate. According to the genome sequence data, many organisms seem to lack genes for the full cycle [MD:M00009], but contain genes for specific segments [MD:M00010 M00011].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, 2-Oxoglutarate, Oxaloacetate, Succinate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Succinyl-CoA, Fumarate, (S)-Malate, Citrate, Isocitrate, cis-Aconitate, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Oxalosuccinate, 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
21	M00011_C00036	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
22	M00011_C00036	hsa00020	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	The citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The cycle starts with acetyl-CoA, the activated form of acetate, derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. In a series of reactions two carbons in citrate are oxidized to CO2 and the reaction pathway supplies NADH for use in the oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic processes. The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. At the end of the cycle the remaining four-carbon part is transformed back to oxaloacetate. According to the genome sequence data, many organisms seem to lack genes for the full cycle [MD:M00009], but contain genes for specific segments [MD:M00010 M00011].	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, 2-Oxoglutarate, Oxaloacetate, Succinate, Thiamin diphosphate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Succinyl-CoA, Fumarate, (S)-Malate, Citrate, Isocitrate, cis-Aconitate, 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate, Oxalosuccinate, 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
23	M00013_C00024	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
24	M00013_C00024	hsa00640	Propanoate metabolism	Propanoate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Oxaloacetate, Succinate, Thiamin diphosphate, Malonyl-CoA, Succinyl-CoA, beta-Alanine, Propanoyl-CoA, 2-Oxobutanoate, Glycerone phosphate, Propanoate, (S)-Lactate, 3-Oxopropanoate, (S)-Lactaldehyde, Propanal, Acrylic acid, Methylglyoxal, Propane-1,2-diol, (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Propynoate, Lactoyl-CoA, Propenoyl-CoA, 3-Hydroxypropanoate, (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Methylmalonate, 2-Methylcitrate, beta-Alanyl-CoA, Propanoyl phosphate, (Z)-But-2-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, (2S,3R)-3-Hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, Hydroxyacetone, 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA, Propane-1-ol, Propionyladenylate, 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-Oxopropionyl-CoA, (S)-Methylmalonate semialdehyde, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphate, Enzyme N6-(S-propyldihydrolipoyl)lysine, 2-Methyl-trans-aconitate
25	M00014_C00231	hsa00040	Pentose and glucuronate interconversions	Pentose and glucuronate interconversions - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Pyruvate, 2-Oxoglutarate, UDP-glucose, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Glycerol, UDP-glucuronate, D-Xylose, D-Glucuronate, D-Ribulose 5-phosphate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, D-Arabinose, D-Xylulose 5-phosphate, L-Arabinose, Glycolaldehyde, D-Ribulose, D-Xylulose, L-Xylulose, D-Galacturonate, Xylitol, 2,5-Dioxopentanoate, Pectate, Ribitol, D-Lyxose, D-Xylonate, L-Ribulose, D-Mannonate, L-Arabitol, D-Tagaturonate, 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate, Pectin, CDP-ribitol, L-Gulonate, D-Altronate, D-Fructuronate, D-Ribitol 5-phosphate, L-Ribulose 5-phosphate, L-Lyxose, D-Arabitol, D-Xylonolactone, Digalacturonate, L-Glyceraldehyde, D-Xylono-1,4-lactone, beta-D-Glucuronoside, L-Xylulose 5-phosphate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate, 5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate, (4S)-4,6-Dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate, (4R,5S)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate, D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate, L-Xylonate, L-Lyxonate, 4-(4-Deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate, L-Xylulose 1-phosphate, 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate, L-Galactonate, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-galactonate, D-Ribulose 1-phosphate, 4-Deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate
26	M00015_C00148	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
27	M00015_C00148	hsa00330	Arginine and proline metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Peptide, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, Pyruvate, L-Glutamate, Glyoxylate, L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Putrescine, L-Proline, Agmatine, Sarcosine, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, Creatine, Spermidine, 4-Aminobutanoate, Feruloyl-CoA, 5-Aminopentanoate, N-Carbamoylputrescine, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, Nitric oxide, 4-Aminobutyraldehyde, Guanidinoacetate, Spermine, D-Proline, Creatinine, Homocarnosine, 1,3-Diaminopropane, 4-Guanidinobutanoate, N-Carbamoylsarcosine, 5-Amino-2-oxopentanoic acid, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, Hydroxyproline, L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, Nopaline, Phosphocreatine, N-Methylhydantoin, 4-Guanidinobutanal, N-Acetylputrescine, 4-Acetamidobutanoate, 4-Guanidinobutanamide, Phosphoguanidinoacetate, L-Glutamyl 5-phosphate, N2-Succinyl-L-arginine, Norspermidine, N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine, 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylate, 5-Guanidino-2-oxopentanoate, (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, Octopine, L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate, trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, L-Arginine phosphate, (4R)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate, Feruloylputrescine, gamma-L-Glutamylputrescine, gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, 4-(L-gamma-Glutamylamino)butanoate, Carboxyspermidine, Carboxynorspermidine, p-Coumaroylputrescine, cis-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N1-(3-Aminopropyl)agmatine, N1-[(S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]agmatine
28	M00020_C00065	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
29	M00020_C00065	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
30	M00020_C00065	hsa00260	Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].	CO2, Ammonia, Pyruvate, Glycine, Glyoxylate, L-Aspartate, L-Serine, L-Tryptophan, L-Cysteine, Tetrahydrofolate, 2-Oxobutanoate, Choline, 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate, Hydroxypyruvate, L-Threonine, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, Sarcosine, D-Glycerate, L-Homoserine, Creatine, 5-Aminolevulinate, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, Methylglyoxal, Betaine aldehyde, Guanidinoacetate, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, Betaine, D-Serine, 1,3-Diaminopropane, O-Phospho-L-serine, N,N-Dimethylglycine, O-Phospho-L-homoserine, [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine, Aminoacetone, Lipoylprotein, L-Cystathionine, Phosphatidylserine, Dihydrolipoylprotein, 4-Phospho-L-aspartate, (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol, 3-Phosphonooxypyruvate, L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate, L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, L-Allothreonine, Ectoine, N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate, 5-Hydroxyectoine, N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
31	M00027_C00042	hsa00250	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Ammonia, Pyruvate, L-Glutamate, 2-Oxoglutarate, Oxaloacetate, L-Alanine, Succinate, L-Aspartate, L-Glutamine, Fumarate, L-Asparagine, Citrate, Carbamoyl phosphate, Succinate semialdehyde, 4-Aminobutanoate, D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate, D-Aspartate, N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate, 2-Oxoglutaramate, N-Acetyl-L-aspartate, 2-Oxosuccinamate, 5-Phosphoribosylamine, N-(L-Arginino)succinate, N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP, (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, N-Acetylaspartylglutamate, beta-Citryl-L-glutamate, N-Acetylaspartylglutamylglutamate
32	M00029_C00122	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
33	M00029_C00122	hsa00220	Arginine biosynthesis	Arginine biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	CO2, Ammonia, L-Glutamate, 2-Oxoglutarate, L-Aspartate, L-Arginine, L-Glutamine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Fumarate, Carbamoyl phosphate, L-Citrulline, N-Acetylornithine, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate, Urea-1-carboxylate, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-(L-Arginino)succinate, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-phosphate, N-Acetyl-L-citrulline, LysW-L-glutamate, LysW-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate, LysW-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, LysW-L-ornithine
34	M00029_C00086	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
35	M00029_C00086	hsa00220	Arginine biosynthesis	Arginine biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	CO2, Ammonia, L-Glutamate, 2-Oxoglutarate, L-Aspartate, L-Arginine, L-Glutamine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Fumarate, Carbamoyl phosphate, L-Citrulline, N-Acetylornithine, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate, Urea-1-carboxylate, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-(L-Arginino)succinate, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-phosphate, N-Acetyl-L-citrulline, LysW-L-glutamate, LysW-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate, LysW-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, LysW-L-ornithine
36	M00032_C00332	hsa00310	Lysine degradation	Lysine degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, 2-Oxoglutarate, Glycine, Succinate, L-Lysine, Thiamin diphosphate, Butanoyl-CoA, Acetoacetate, 2-Oxoadipate, Acetoacetyl-CoA, L-Pipecolate, 5-Aminopentanoate, N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine, (S)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate, Carnitine, Glutarate, Glutaryl-CoA, D-Lysine, Crotonoyl-CoA, L-2-Aminoadipate, 5-Aminopentanamide, (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate, (3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate, (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, 4-Trimethylammoniobutanal, 4-Trimethylammoniobutanoate, (3S,5S)-3,5-Diaminohexanoate, Procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine, (3S)-3-Hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine, Cadaverine, Protein lysine, N6-Acetyl-L-lysine, 5-Acetamidopentanoate, (S)-2-Hydroxyglutarate, 6-Amino-2-oxohexanoate, 5-Oxopentanoate, 5-Phosphooxy-L-lysine, (S)-5-Amino-3-oxohexanoic acid, N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine, D-Lysopine, L-2-Aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, Delta1-Piperideine-2-carboxylate, 5-(D-Galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen, (2R,5S)-2,5-Diaminohexanoate, L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoA, Protein N6-methyl-L-lysine, Protein N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine, Protein N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine, 6-Acetamido-2-oxohexanoate, 2-Amino-5-oxohexanoate, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-glutaryldihydrolipoyllysine, 5-Aminopentanal, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, L-Hydroxylysine, 4-Carboxy-1-hydroxybutyryl-ThPP
37	M00034_C00147	hsa00270	Cysteine and methionine metabolism	Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].	S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, Pyruvate, L-Alanine, L-Aspartate, Glutathione, Sulfate, L-Serine, L-Methionine, Sulfite, L-Cysteine, 2-Oxobutanoate, L-Homocysteine, 5'-Methylthioadenosine, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, L-Homoserine, Hydrogen sulfide, Methanethiol, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, L-Cystine, L-Cysteate, 3-Sulfino-L-alanine, D-Cysteine, Mercaptopyruvate, O-Acetyl-L-serine, O-Phospho-L-serine, O-Acetyl-L-homoserine, O-Phospho-L-homoserine, O-Succinyl-L-homoserine, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, 4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, L-Homocystine, Thiocysteine, Dehydroalanine, L-Cystathionine, (S)-2-Aminobutanoate, L-Methionine S-oxide, 4-Phospho-L-aspartate, 5-Methylthio-D-ribose, N-Formylmethionine, 3-Phosphonooxypyruvate, S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine, S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine, S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate, S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate, Nicotianamine, Aminoacyl-L-methionine, S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine, 3-Sulfinylpyruvate, 3-Sulfopyruvate, 3-Mercaptolactate, S-Sulfo-L-cysteine, Ethylene, 3-(Methylthio)propanoate, Sulfur dioxide, 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, HSO3-, (S)-3-Sulfolactate, (2R)-3-Sulfolactate, 1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one, 2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate, 2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate, N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone, 5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate, Ophthalmate, S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
38	M00035_C02291	hsa00270	Cysteine and methionine metabolism	Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].	S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, Pyruvate, L-Alanine, L-Aspartate, Glutathione, Sulfate, L-Serine, L-Methionine, Sulfite, L-Cysteine, 2-Oxobutanoate, L-Homocysteine, 5'-Methylthioadenosine, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, L-Homoserine, Hydrogen sulfide, Methanethiol, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, L-Cystine, L-Cysteate, 3-Sulfino-L-alanine, D-Cysteine, Mercaptopyruvate, O-Acetyl-L-serine, O-Phospho-L-serine, O-Acetyl-L-homoserine, O-Phospho-L-homoserine, O-Succinyl-L-homoserine, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, 4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, L-Homocystine, Thiocysteine, Dehydroalanine, L-Cystathionine, (S)-2-Aminobutanoate, L-Methionine S-oxide, 4-Phospho-L-aspartate, 5-Methylthio-D-ribose, N-Formylmethionine, 3-Phosphonooxypyruvate, S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine, S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine, S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate, S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate, Nicotianamine, Aminoacyl-L-methionine, S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine, 3-Sulfinylpyruvate, 3-Sulfopyruvate, 3-Mercaptolactate, S-Sulfo-L-cysteine, Ethylene, 3-(Methylthio)propanoate, Sulfur dioxide, 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, HSO3-, (S)-3-Sulfolactate, (2R)-3-Sulfolactate, 1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one, 2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate, 2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate, N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone, 5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate, Ophthalmate, S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
39	M00036_C00164	hsa00280	Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation	Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Thiamin diphosphate, Succinyl-CoA, Propanoyl-CoA, L-Leucine, 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, Acetoacetate, L-Valine, 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate, Acetoacetyl-CoA, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoate, (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, L-Isoleucine, 2-Methylpropanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate, (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Methylmalonate, 3-Methylbutanoyl-CoA, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA, L-3-Aminoisobutanoate, 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA, 2-Methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA, 2-Methylprop-2-enoyl-CoA, (2S,3S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA, Branched chain fatty acid, 3-Hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyrate, (S)-Methylmalonate semialdehyde, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine, 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine, 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine, (S)-2-Methylbutanoyl-CoA, 3-Hydroxyisovalerate
40	M00037_C01598	hsa00380	Tryptophan metabolism	Tryptophan metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, L-Tryptophan, Anthranilate, 2-Oxoadipate, L-Kynurenine, Indolepyruvate, Acetoacetyl-CoA, Tryptamine, Indole, Glutaryl-CoA, 3-Hydroxyanthranilate, Indole-3-acetaldehyde, 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Serotonin, Crotonoyl-CoA, Indole-3-acetate, Indole-3-ethanol, N-Acetylserotonin, 7,8-Dihydroxykynurenate, (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate, 4-(2-Aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate, Melatonin, 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 2-Aminophenol, 2-Aminophenoxazin-3-one, N-Acetylisatin, 2-Aminomuconate, N-Acetylindoxyl, Xanthurenic acid, (Indol-3-yl)acetamide, L-Formylkynurenine, 2,3-Dihydroxyindole, Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime, 3-Indoleacetonitrile, 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine, (Indol-3-yl)glycolaldehyde, gamma-Oxalocrotonate, 2-Formylaminobenzaldehyde, Quinolinate, 2-Aminomuconate semialdehyde, 2-Amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate, 3-Hydroxykynurenamine, 4,8-Dihydroxyquinoline, 5-Hydroxykynurenamine, 4,6-Dihydroxyquinoline, Cinnavalininate, 5-(3'-Carboxy-3'-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate, Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine, 6-Hydroxymelatonin, 3-Methylindolepyruvate, 4-(2-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate, 5-Hydroxyindolepyruvate, Formyl-5-hydroxykynurenamine, 5-Hydroxy-N-formylkynurenine, 5-Hydroxykynurenine, 4-(2-Amino-5-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate, Formylanthranilate, 5-(2'-Formylethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate, 5-(2'-Carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate, 5-(3'-Carboxy-3'-oxopropyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate, Indoxyl, 5-Methoxytryptamine, 5-Methoxyindoleacetate, 6-Hydroxykynurenate, 8-Methoxykynurenate, 3-Methoxyanthranilate, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetylglycine, 3-Methyldioxyindole, 2-Formaminobenzoylacetate, Glucobrassicin, N-Methylserotonin, N-Methyltryptamine, Skatole, Picolinic acid, Indolylmethylthiohydroximate, Indolylmethyl-desulfoglucosinolate, S-(Indolylmethylthiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine, N-Hydroxyl-tryptamine, (R)-(Indol-3-yl)lactate, 2-Oxoindole-3-acetate
41	M00042_C00788	hsa00350	Tyrosine metabolism	Tyrosine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Pyruvate, Succinate, L-Tyrosine, Fumarate, Phenol, Acetoacetate, Succinate semialdehyde, 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, Tyramine, Hydroquinone, Homogentisate, L-Noradrenaline, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate, L-Adrenaline, 4-Coumarate, Dopaquinone, 4-Maleylacetoacetate, 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine, 4-Fumarylacetoacetate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, Maleic acid, L-Dopachrome, Thyroxine, Rosmarinate, Maleylpyruvate, N-Methyltyramine, Triiodothyronine, 3-Fumarylpyruvate, 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine, 2-Oxohept-3-enedioate, 4-Chlorophenylacetate, Dopamine, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, (R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, 5-Carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate, 5-Carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate, 3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, 2-Hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde, 4-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 5-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA, 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenoate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole, Indole-5,6-quinone, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, Homovanillate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate, Gentisate aldehyde, 3-Methoxytyramine, L-Metanephrine, L-Normetanephrine, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid, p-Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, 2-Hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate, 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole, 4-Hydroxyphenylethanol, Salidroside, Stizolobate, Stizolobinate, Hordenine, 2,4-Dihydroxyhept-2-enedioate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanoate, Cysteinyldopa, Phaeomelanin, Eumelanin, 5,6-Indolequinone-2-carboxylic acid, (R)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactate
42	M00043_C02465	hsa00350	Tyrosine metabolism	Tyrosine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Pyruvate, Succinate, L-Tyrosine, Fumarate, Phenol, Acetoacetate, Succinate semialdehyde, 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, Tyramine, Hydroquinone, Homogentisate, L-Noradrenaline, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate, L-Adrenaline, 4-Coumarate, Dopaquinone, 4-Maleylacetoacetate, 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine, 4-Fumarylacetoacetate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, Maleic acid, L-Dopachrome, Thyroxine, Rosmarinate, Maleylpyruvate, N-Methyltyramine, Triiodothyronine, 3-Fumarylpyruvate, 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine, 2-Oxohept-3-enedioate, 4-Chlorophenylacetate, Dopamine, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, (R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, 5-Carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate, 5-Carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate, 3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, 2-Hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde, 4-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 5-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA, 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenoate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole, Indole-5,6-quinone, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, Homovanillate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate, Gentisate aldehyde, 3-Methoxytyramine, L-Metanephrine, L-Normetanephrine, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid, p-Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, 2-Hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate, 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole, 4-Hydroxyphenylethanol, Salidroside, Stizolobate, Stizolobinate, Hordenine, 2,4-Dihydroxyhept-2-enedioate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanoate, Cysteinyldopa, Phaeomelanin, Eumelanin, 5,6-Indolequinone-2-carboxylic acid, (R)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactate
43	M00044_C00164	hsa00350	Tyrosine metabolism	Tyrosine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Pyruvate, Succinate, L-Tyrosine, Fumarate, Phenol, Acetoacetate, Succinate semialdehyde, 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, Tyramine, Hydroquinone, Homogentisate, L-Noradrenaline, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate, L-Adrenaline, 4-Coumarate, Dopaquinone, 4-Maleylacetoacetate, 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine, 4-Fumarylacetoacetate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, Maleic acid, L-Dopachrome, Thyroxine, Rosmarinate, Maleylpyruvate, N-Methyltyramine, Triiodothyronine, 3-Fumarylpyruvate, 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine, 2-Oxohept-3-enedioate, 4-Chlorophenylacetate, Dopamine, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, (R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, 5-Carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate, 5-Carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate, 3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, 2-Hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde, 4-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 5-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA, 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenoate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole, Indole-5,6-quinone, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, Homovanillate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate, Gentisate aldehyde, 3-Methoxytyramine, L-Metanephrine, L-Normetanephrine, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid, p-Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, 2-Hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate, 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole, 4-Hydroxyphenylethanol, Salidroside, Stizolobate, Stizolobinate, Hordenine, 2,4-Dihydroxyhept-2-enedioate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanoate, Cysteinyldopa, Phaeomelanin, Eumelanin, 5,6-Indolequinone-2-carboxylic acid, (R)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactate
44	M00044_C00122	hsa00350	Tyrosine metabolism	Tyrosine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Pyruvate, Succinate, L-Tyrosine, Fumarate, Phenol, Acetoacetate, Succinate semialdehyde, 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, Tyramine, Hydroquinone, Homogentisate, L-Noradrenaline, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate, L-Adrenaline, 4-Coumarate, Dopaquinone, 4-Maleylacetoacetate, 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine, 4-Fumarylacetoacetate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, Maleic acid, L-Dopachrome, Thyroxine, Rosmarinate, Maleylpyruvate, N-Methyltyramine, Triiodothyronine, 3-Fumarylpyruvate, 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine, 2-Oxohept-3-enedioate, 4-Chlorophenylacetate, Dopamine, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, (R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, 5-Carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate, 5-Carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate, 3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, 2-Hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde, 4-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 5-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA, 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenoate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde, 5,6-Dihydroxyindole, Indole-5,6-quinone, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, Homovanillate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate, Gentisate aldehyde, 3-Methoxytyramine, L-Metanephrine, L-Normetanephrine, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid, p-Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, 2-Hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate, 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole, 4-Hydroxyphenylethanol, Salidroside, Stizolobate, Stizolobinate, Hordenine, 2,4-Dihydroxyhept-2-enedioate, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanoate, Cysteinyldopa, Phaeomelanin, Eumelanin, 5,6-Indolequinone-2-carboxylic acid, (R)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactate
45	M00046_C00099	hsa00240	Pyrimidine metabolism	Pyrimidine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	UDP, DNA, RNA, CMP, CTP, L-Glutamine, UTP, Urea, beta-Alanine, UMP, Uracil, CDP, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, Carbamoyl phosphate, Thymine, Thymidine, 3-Oxopropanoate, dCMP, Orotate, Uridine, (S)-Dihydroorotate, dTDP, dTMP, dUMP, Cytosine, Malonate, 5,6-Dihydrouracil, N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate, dCTP, dTTP, dUTP, Cytidine, Deoxyuridine, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, dCDP, Barbiturate, Deoxycytidine, 3',5'-Cyclic CMP, 3-Hydroxypropanoate, Orotidine 5'-phosphate, Pseudouridine 5'-phosphate, (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate, dUDP, 3'-UMP, Carbamate, Pseudouridine, Methylmalonate, 2',3'-Cyclic CMP, 2',3'-Cyclic UMP, 5-Methylcytosine, 3-Ureidopropionate, 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate, 5-Methylbarbiturate, 3'-CMP, P1,P4-Bis(5'-uridyl) tetraphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-diphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-triphosphate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidopropanoate, (Z)-3-Ureidoacrylate peracid, (Z)-3-Peroxyaminoacrylate, Aminoacrylate, Ureidoacrylate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidoisobutyrate, (R)-5,6-Dihydrothymine, (R)-3-Ureidoisobutyrate, 3',5'-Cyclic UMP
46	M00046_C01205	hsa00240	Pyrimidine metabolism	Pyrimidine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	UDP, DNA, RNA, CMP, CTP, L-Glutamine, UTP, Urea, beta-Alanine, UMP, Uracil, CDP, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, Carbamoyl phosphate, Thymine, Thymidine, 3-Oxopropanoate, dCMP, Orotate, Uridine, (S)-Dihydroorotate, dTDP, dTMP, dUMP, Cytosine, Malonate, 5,6-Dihydrouracil, N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate, dCTP, dTTP, dUTP, Cytidine, Deoxyuridine, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, dCDP, Barbiturate, Deoxycytidine, 3',5'-Cyclic CMP, 3-Hydroxypropanoate, Orotidine 5'-phosphate, Pseudouridine 5'-phosphate, (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate, dUDP, 3'-UMP, Carbamate, Pseudouridine, Methylmalonate, 2',3'-Cyclic CMP, 2',3'-Cyclic UMP, 5-Methylcytosine, 3-Ureidopropionate, 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate, 5-Methylbarbiturate, 3'-CMP, P1,P4-Bis(5'-uridyl) tetraphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-diphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-triphosphate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidopropanoate, (Z)-3-Ureidoacrylate peracid, (Z)-3-Peroxyaminoacrylate, Aminoacrylate, Ureidoacrylate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidoisobutyrate, (R)-5,6-Dihydrothymine, (R)-3-Ureidoisobutyrate, 3',5'-Cyclic UMP
47	M00047_C00791	hsa00330	Arginine and proline metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Peptide, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, Pyruvate, L-Glutamate, Glyoxylate, L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Putrescine, L-Proline, Agmatine, Sarcosine, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, Creatine, Spermidine, 4-Aminobutanoate, Feruloyl-CoA, 5-Aminopentanoate, N-Carbamoylputrescine, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, Nitric oxide, 4-Aminobutyraldehyde, Guanidinoacetate, Spermine, D-Proline, Creatinine, Homocarnosine, 1,3-Diaminopropane, 4-Guanidinobutanoate, N-Carbamoylsarcosine, 5-Amino-2-oxopentanoic acid, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, Hydroxyproline, L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, Nopaline, Phosphocreatine, N-Methylhydantoin, 4-Guanidinobutanal, N-Acetylputrescine, 4-Acetamidobutanoate, 4-Guanidinobutanamide, Phosphoguanidinoacetate, L-Glutamyl 5-phosphate, N2-Succinyl-L-arginine, Norspermidine, N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine, 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylate, 5-Guanidino-2-oxopentanoate, (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, Octopine, L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate, trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, L-Arginine phosphate, (4R)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate, Feruloylputrescine, gamma-L-Glutamylputrescine, gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, 4-(L-gamma-Glutamylamino)butanoate, Carboxyspermidine, Carboxynorspermidine, p-Coumaroylputrescine, cis-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N1-(3-Aminopropyl)agmatine, N1-[(S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]agmatine
48	M00048_C00130	hsa00230	Purine metabolism	Purine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	ATP, ADP, CO2, Ammonia, AMP, GDP, Glycine, DNA, GTP, RNA, Glyoxylate, 3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, Sulfate, L-Glutamine, ITP, Urea, IDP, D-Ribose 5-phosphate, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, IMP, dATP, GMP, Adenine, Carbamoyl phosphate, dADP, Oxalate, Adenosine, Adenylyl sulfate, Guanine, Hypoxanthine, dGTP, HCO3-, Inosine, ADP-ribose, Deoxyguanosine, dAMP, dGDP, dGMP, Urate, Xanthine, Guanosine, Allantoate, Deoxyadenosine, 3',5'-Cyclic AMP, (S)-Ureidoglycolate, alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate, Xanthosine 5'-phosphate, XTP, Oxalureate, 3',5'-Cyclic GMP, Guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate), P1,P4-Bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate, P1,P4-Bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate, dIDP, dITP, 3'-AMP, Oxamate, Xanthosine, (S)-Ureidoglycine, (R)(-)-Allantoin, (S)-Allantoin, 2',3'-Cyclic AMP, N-Formiminoglycine, 5-Phosphoribosylamine, Aminoimidazole ribotide, Adenosine tetraphosphate, Inosine 5'-tetraphosphate, N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP, 5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide, 5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide, 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide, P1,P4-Bis(5'-xanthosyl) tetraphosphate, Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate, 2-(Formamido)-N1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)acetamidine, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-(5-Phospho-D-ribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxylate, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole, 5-Aminoimidazole, Deoxyinosine, Urate-3-ribonucleoside, 5-Ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate, 5-Amino-4-imidazole carboxylate, Acetyl adenylate, Guanosine 3'-phosphate, 2',3'-Cyclic GMP, Imidazolone, 2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-phosphate, P1,P3-Bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate, 5'-Benzoylphosphoadenosine, 5'-Butyrylphosphoinosine, 5-Hydroxyisourate, 5-Hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, 5-Carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole, N6-Succino-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenylate, dZMP, dZDP, dZTP, 8-Hydroxyadenine, 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
49	M00049_C00002	hsa00230	Purine metabolism	Purine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	ATP, ADP, CO2, Ammonia, AMP, GDP, Glycine, DNA, GTP, RNA, Glyoxylate, 3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, Sulfate, L-Glutamine, ITP, Urea, IDP, D-Ribose 5-phosphate, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, IMP, dATP, GMP, Adenine, Carbamoyl phosphate, dADP, Oxalate, Adenosine, Adenylyl sulfate, Guanine, Hypoxanthine, dGTP, HCO3-, Inosine, ADP-ribose, Deoxyguanosine, dAMP, dGDP, dGMP, Urate, Xanthine, Guanosine, Allantoate, Deoxyadenosine, 3',5'-Cyclic AMP, (S)-Ureidoglycolate, alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate, Xanthosine 5'-phosphate, XTP, Oxalureate, 3',5'-Cyclic GMP, Guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate), P1,P4-Bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate, P1,P4-Bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate, dIDP, dITP, 3'-AMP, Oxamate, Xanthosine, (S)-Ureidoglycine, (R)(-)-Allantoin, (S)-Allantoin, 2',3'-Cyclic AMP, N-Formiminoglycine, 5-Phosphoribosylamine, Aminoimidazole ribotide, Adenosine tetraphosphate, Inosine 5'-tetraphosphate, N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP, 5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide, 5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide, 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide, P1,P4-Bis(5'-xanthosyl) tetraphosphate, Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate, 2-(Formamido)-N1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)acetamidine, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-(5-Phospho-D-ribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxylate, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole, 5-Aminoimidazole, Deoxyinosine, Urate-3-ribonucleoside, 5-Ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate, 5-Amino-4-imidazole carboxylate, Acetyl adenylate, Guanosine 3'-phosphate, 2',3'-Cyclic GMP, Imidazolone, 2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-phosphate, P1,P3-Bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate, 5'-Benzoylphosphoadenosine, 5'-Butyrylphosphoinosine, 5-Hydroxyisourate, 5-Hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, 5-Carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole, N6-Succino-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenylate, dZMP, dZDP, dZTP, 8-Hydroxyadenine, 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
50	M00050_C00044	hsa00230	Purine metabolism	Purine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	ATP, ADP, CO2, Ammonia, AMP, GDP, Glycine, DNA, GTP, RNA, Glyoxylate, 3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, Sulfate, L-Glutamine, ITP, Urea, IDP, D-Ribose 5-phosphate, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, IMP, dATP, GMP, Adenine, Carbamoyl phosphate, dADP, Oxalate, Adenosine, Adenylyl sulfate, Guanine, Hypoxanthine, dGTP, HCO3-, Inosine, ADP-ribose, Deoxyguanosine, dAMP, dGDP, dGMP, Urate, Xanthine, Guanosine, Allantoate, Deoxyadenosine, 3',5'-Cyclic AMP, (S)-Ureidoglycolate, alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate, Xanthosine 5'-phosphate, XTP, Oxalureate, 3',5'-Cyclic GMP, Guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate), P1,P4-Bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate, P1,P4-Bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate, dIDP, dITP, 3'-AMP, Oxamate, Xanthosine, (S)-Ureidoglycine, (R)(-)-Allantoin, (S)-Allantoin, 2',3'-Cyclic AMP, N-Formiminoglycine, 5-Phosphoribosylamine, Aminoimidazole ribotide, Adenosine tetraphosphate, Inosine 5'-tetraphosphate, N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP, 5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide, 5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide, 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide, P1,P4-Bis(5'-xanthosyl) tetraphosphate, Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate, 2-(Formamido)-N1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)acetamidine, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-(5-Phospho-D-ribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxylate, 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole, 5-Aminoimidazole, Deoxyinosine, Urate-3-ribonucleoside, 5-Ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate, 5-Amino-4-imidazole carboxylate, Acetyl adenylate, Guanosine 3'-phosphate, 2',3'-Cyclic GMP, Imidazolone, 2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-phosphate, P1,P3-Bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate, 5'-Benzoylphosphoadenosine, 5'-Butyrylphosphoinosine, 5-Hydroxyisourate, 5-Hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, 5-Carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole, N6-Succino-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenylate, dZMP, dZDP, dZTP, 8-Hydroxyadenine, 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
51	M00051_C00105	hsa00240	Pyrimidine metabolism	Pyrimidine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	UDP, DNA, RNA, CMP, CTP, L-Glutamine, UTP, Urea, beta-Alanine, UMP, Uracil, CDP, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, Carbamoyl phosphate, Thymine, Thymidine, 3-Oxopropanoate, dCMP, Orotate, Uridine, (S)-Dihydroorotate, dTDP, dTMP, dUMP, Cytosine, Malonate, 5,6-Dihydrouracil, N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate, dCTP, dTTP, dUTP, Cytidine, Deoxyuridine, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, dCDP, Barbiturate, Deoxycytidine, 3',5'-Cyclic CMP, 3-Hydroxypropanoate, Orotidine 5'-phosphate, Pseudouridine 5'-phosphate, (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate, dUDP, 3'-UMP, Carbamate, Pseudouridine, Methylmalonate, 2',3'-Cyclic CMP, 2',3'-Cyclic UMP, 5-Methylcytosine, 3-Ureidopropionate, 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate, 5-Methylbarbiturate, 3'-CMP, P1,P4-Bis(5'-uridyl) tetraphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-diphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-triphosphate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidopropanoate, (Z)-3-Ureidoacrylate peracid, (Z)-3-Peroxyaminoacrylate, Aminoacrylate, Ureidoacrylate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidoisobutyrate, (R)-5,6-Dihydrothymine, (R)-3-Ureidoisobutyrate, 3',5'-Cyclic UMP
52	M00052_C00112	hsa00240	Pyrimidine metabolism	Pyrimidine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism	NA	UDP, DNA, RNA, CMP, CTP, L-Glutamine, UTP, Urea, beta-Alanine, UMP, Uracil, CDP, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, Carbamoyl phosphate, Thymine, Thymidine, 3-Oxopropanoate, dCMP, Orotate, Uridine, (S)-Dihydroorotate, dTDP, dTMP, dUMP, Cytosine, Malonate, 5,6-Dihydrouracil, N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate, dCTP, dTTP, dUTP, Cytidine, Deoxyuridine, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate, dCDP, Barbiturate, Deoxycytidine, 3',5'-Cyclic CMP, 3-Hydroxypropanoate, Orotidine 5'-phosphate, Pseudouridine 5'-phosphate, (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate, dUDP, 3'-UMP, Carbamate, Pseudouridine, Methylmalonate, 2',3'-Cyclic CMP, 2',3'-Cyclic UMP, 5-Methylcytosine, 3-Ureidopropionate, 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate, 5-Methylbarbiturate, 3'-CMP, P1,P4-Bis(5'-uridyl) tetraphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-diphosphate, 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine-5'-triphosphate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidopropanoate, (Z)-3-Ureidoacrylate peracid, (Z)-3-Peroxyaminoacrylate, Aminoacrylate, Ureidoacrylate, 3-Oxo-3-ureidoisobutyrate, (R)-5,6-Dihydrothymine, (R)-3-Ureidoisobutyrate, 3',5'-Cyclic UMP
53	M00055_G00008	hsa00510	N-Glycan biosynthesis	N-Glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	N-glycans or asparagine-linked glycans are major constituents of glycoproteins in eukaryotes. N-glycans are covalently attached to asparagine with the consensus sequence of Asn-X-Ser/Thr by an N-glycosidic bond, GlcNAc b1- Asn. Biosynthesis of N-glycans begins on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane with the transferase reaction of UDP-GlcNAc and the lipid-like precursor P-Dol (dolichol phosphate) to generate GlcNAc a1- PP-Dol. After sequential addition of monosaccharides by ALG glycosyltransferases [MD:M00055], the N-glycan precursor is attached by the OST (oligosaccharyltransferase) complex to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized and translocated through the ER membrane. The protein-bound N-glycan precursor is subsequently trimmed, extended, and modified in the ER and Golgi by a complex series of reactions catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. N-glycans thus synthesized are classified into three types: high-mannose type, complex type, and hybrid type. Defects in N-glycan biosynthesis lead to a variety of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation [DS:H00118 H00119].	GDP-mannose, Dolichyl phosphate, Dolichol, Dolichyl diphosphate, Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, Protein asparagine, Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, Polyprenol, N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, N,N'-Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, NA  G00003, NA  G00004, NA  G00005, NA  G00006, NA  G00007, NA  G00008, NA  G00009, NA  G00010, NA  G00011, NA  G00012, NA  G00013, NA  G00014, NA  G00015, Core fucose, NA  G00017, DS 3, NA  G00019, NA  G00020, NA  G00021, NA  G00022, NA  G00171, NA  G10526, NA  G10595, NA  G10596, NA  G10597, NA  G10598, NA  G10599, NA  G10694
54	M00056_G00025	hsa00512	O-Glycan biosynthesis	Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	O-glycans are a class of glycans that modify serine or threonine residues of proteins. Biosynthesis of O-glycans starts from the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine. The first GalNAc may be extended with sugars including galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, or sialic acid, but not mannose, glucose, or xylose. Depending on the sugars added, there are four common O-glycan core structures, cores 1 through 4, and an additional four, cores 5 though 8. Mucins are highly O-glycosylated glycoproteins ubiquitous in mucous secretions on cell surfaces and in body fluids. Mucin O-glycans can be branched, and many sugars or groups of sugars are antigenic. Important modifications of mucin O-glycans include O-acetylation of sialic acid and O-sulfation of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine.	[Protein]-L-serine, Tn antigen, Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, NA  G00025, Sialyl T antigen, NA  G00027, NA  G00028, NA  G00029, NA  G00030, NA  G00031, NA  G00032, NA  G00033, NA  G00034, Sialyl-Tn antigen, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, NA  G10794, NA  G13153
55	M00056_G00029	hsa00512	O-Glycan biosynthesis	Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	O-glycans are a class of glycans that modify serine or threonine residues of proteins. Biosynthesis of O-glycans starts from the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine. The first GalNAc may be extended with sugars including galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, or sialic acid, but not mannose, glucose, or xylose. Depending on the sugars added, there are four common O-glycan core structures, cores 1 through 4, and an additional four, cores 5 though 8. Mucins are highly O-glycosylated glycoproteins ubiquitous in mucous secretions on cell surfaces and in body fluids. Mucin O-glycans can be branched, and many sugars or groups of sugars are antigenic. Important modifications of mucin O-glycans include O-acetylation of sialic acid and O-sulfation of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine.	[Protein]-L-serine, Tn antigen, Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, NA  G00025, Sialyl T antigen, NA  G00027, NA  G00028, NA  G00029, NA  G00030, NA  G00031, NA  G00032, NA  G00033, NA  G00034, Sialyl-Tn antigen, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, NA  G10794, NA  G13153
56	M00056_G00031	hsa00512	O-Glycan biosynthesis	Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	O-glycans are a class of glycans that modify serine or threonine residues of proteins. Biosynthesis of O-glycans starts from the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine. The first GalNAc may be extended with sugars including galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, or sialic acid, but not mannose, glucose, or xylose. Depending on the sugars added, there are four common O-glycan core structures, cores 1 through 4, and an additional four, cores 5 though 8. Mucins are highly O-glycosylated glycoproteins ubiquitous in mucous secretions on cell surfaces and in body fluids. Mucin O-glycans can be branched, and many sugars or groups of sugars are antigenic. Important modifications of mucin O-glycans include O-acetylation of sialic acid and O-sulfation of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine.	[Protein]-L-serine, Tn antigen, Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, NA  G00025, Sialyl T antigen, NA  G00027, NA  G00028, NA  G00029, NA  G00030, NA  G00031, NA  G00032, NA  G00033, NA  G00034, Sialyl-Tn antigen, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, NA  G10794, NA  G13153
57	M00057_G00157	hsa00532	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate / dermatan sulfate - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharide chains consisting of repeating disaccharide units and form proteglycans by covalently attaching to their core proteins. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with the disaccharide unit of beta-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and beta-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and often modified with ester-linked sulfate at certain positions. Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a modified form of CS, in which a portion of D-glucuronate residues is epimerized to L-iduronates (IdoA). CS and DS are linked to serine residues in core proteins via a linkage tetrasaccharide formed by the transfer of xylose and three more residues [MD:M00057]. The assembly process of CS is initiated by transferring GalNAc residue to the linkage tetrasaccharide. The polymerization is catalyzed by bifunctional enzymes (chondroitin synthases) possessing both beta 1,3 glucuronosyltransferase and beta 1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities [MD:M00058]. Chondroitin polymerization also requires the action of the chondroitin polymerizing factor. There are various O-sulfation patterns in CS and DS, where 4-O sulfation and 6-O sulfation of GalNAc and 2-O-sulfation of the uronic acids (GlcA / IdoA) are mainly found.	3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, Chondroitin, Dermatan, [Protein]-L-serine, NA  G00154, NA  G00155, NA  G00156, NA  G00157, NA  G00158, NA  G00159, NA  G00160
58	M00058_G00160	hsa00532	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate / dermatan sulfate - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharide chains consisting of repeating disaccharide units and form proteglycans by covalently attaching to their core proteins. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with the disaccharide unit of beta-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and beta-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and often modified with ester-linked sulfate at certain positions. Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a modified form of CS, in which a portion of D-glucuronate residues is epimerized to L-iduronates (IdoA). CS and DS are linked to serine residues in core proteins via a linkage tetrasaccharide formed by the transfer of xylose and three more residues [MD:M00057]. The assembly process of CS is initiated by transferring GalNAc residue to the linkage tetrasaccharide. The polymerization is catalyzed by bifunctional enzymes (chondroitin synthases) possessing both beta 1,3 glucuronosyltransferase and beta 1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities [MD:M00058]. Chondroitin polymerization also requires the action of the chondroitin polymerizing factor. There are various O-sulfation patterns in CS and DS, where 4-O sulfation and 6-O sulfation of GalNAc and 2-O-sulfation of the uronic acids (GlcA / IdoA) are mainly found.	3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, Chondroitin, Dermatan, [Protein]-L-serine, NA  G00154, NA  G00155, NA  G00156, NA  G00157, NA  G00158, NA  G00159, NA  G00160
59	M00059_G00164	hsa00534	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate / heparin - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin (Hep) are glycosaminoglycans with repeating disaccharide units that consist of alternating residues of alpha-D-glucosamine (GlcN) and uronic acid, the latter being either beta-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) or alpha-L-iduronic acid (IdoA). In these sugar residues, sulfation modification may be performed at various positions. Structural studies show that Hep possesses a higher degree of sulfation than HS. The biosynthesis of HS/Hep occurs with the addition of the first GlcNAc residue by EXTL3 glycosyltransferase after completion of tetrasaccharide linkage region attached to serine residue of a core protein. The chain polymeraization is then catalyzed by EXT1 and EXT2 transferases. As the chain polymerizes, HS/Hep undergoes a series of modification reactions including N-deacetylation, N-sulfation, epimerization, and subsequently O-sulfation. As final products of biosynthesis, HS is present in the form of hepran sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) whereas Hep exists as a sugar chain without a core protein. The proteoglycan families with HS, as well as CS (chondroitin sulfate), DS (dermatan sulfate), and KS (keratan sulfate), are composed of two main types depending on the subcellular locations: cell membrane and extracellular matrix [BR:00535]. HS/Hep has been shown to bind to a variety of molecules, such as growth factors, chemokines, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components [BR:00536].	Acetate, 3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, [Protein]-L-serine, NA  G00154, NA  G00155, NA  G00156, NA  G00157, NA  G00162, NA  G00163, NA  G00164
60	M00065_G13044	hsa00563	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	Cell surface proteins can be attached to the cell membrane via the glycolipid structure called glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Hundreds of GPI-anchored proteins have been identified in many eukaryotes ranging from protozoa and fungi to mammals. All protein-linked GPI anchors share a common core structure, characterized by the substructure Man (a1-4) GlcN (a1-6) myo-inositol-1P-lipid. Biosynthesis of GPI anchors proceeds in three stages: (i) preassembly of a GPI precursor in the ER membrane, (ii) attachment of the GPI to the C-terminus of a newly synthesized protein in the lumen of the ER, and (iii) lipid remodeling and/or carbohydrate side-chain modifications in the ER and the Golgi. Defects of GPI anchor biosynthesis gene result in a genetic disorder, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.	Palmitoyl-CoA, Ethanolamine phosphate, Phosphatidylethanolamine, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, NA  G00143, NA  G00144, NA  G00145, NA  G00146, NA  G00148, NA  G00149, UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol, NA  G13044, NA  G13046, NA  G13128, NA  G13150, NA  G13151, NA  G13152
61	M00066_C01290	hsa00600	Sphingolipid metabolism	Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	L-Serine, Palmitoyl-CoA, N-Acylsphingosine, Sphingosine, Ethanolamine phosphate, Sphingomyelin, Sphinganine, Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Glucosylceramide, Lactosylceramide, Psychosine, Galactosylceramide, 3-Dehydrosphinganine, Ceramide 1-phosphate, D-Glucosylsphingosine, Globoside, Lactosylceramide sulfate, Sphingosyl-phosphocholine, GM3, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide, N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sulfatide, Digalactosylceramide, Digalactosylceramide sulfate, GM4, GA2, GA1, Dihydroceramide, Phytosphingosine, Phytoceramide, Gangliotriaosylceramide-II3 sulfate
62	M00067_C06125	hsa00600	Sphingolipid metabolism	Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	L-Serine, Palmitoyl-CoA, N-Acylsphingosine, Sphingosine, Ethanolamine phosphate, Sphingomyelin, Sphinganine, Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Glucosylceramide, Lactosylceramide, Psychosine, Galactosylceramide, 3-Dehydrosphinganine, Ceramide 1-phosphate, D-Glucosylsphingosine, Globoside, Lactosylceramide sulfate, Sphingosyl-phosphocholine, GM3, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide, N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sulfatide, Digalactosylceramide, Digalactosylceramide sulfate, GM4, GA2, GA1, Dihydroceramide, Phytosphingosine, Phytoceramide, Gangliotriaosylceramide-II3 sulfate
63	M00067_C06125	hsa00565	Ether lipid metabolism	Ether lipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine, Plasmenylcholine, sn-Glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 1-Alkyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Alkyl-2-acylglycerol, Acylglycerone phosphate, 1-Alkenyl-2-acylglycerol, O-Alkylglycerone phosphate, 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 1-Organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-O-Alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, O-1-Alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1-Radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycerol, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 2-Acyl-1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, Seminolipid, Galactosyl-1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol
64	M00067_C20825	hsa00600	Sphingolipid metabolism	Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	L-Serine, Palmitoyl-CoA, N-Acylsphingosine, Sphingosine, Ethanolamine phosphate, Sphingomyelin, Sphinganine, Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Glucosylceramide, Lactosylceramide, Psychosine, Galactosylceramide, 3-Dehydrosphinganine, Ceramide 1-phosphate, D-Glucosylsphingosine, Globoside, Lactosylceramide sulfate, Sphingosyl-phosphocholine, GM3, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide, N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sulfatide, Digalactosylceramide, Digalactosylceramide sulfate, GM4, GA2, GA1, Dihydroceramide, Phytosphingosine, Phytoceramide, Gangliotriaosylceramide-II3 sulfate
65	M00067_C20825	hsa00565	Ether lipid metabolism	Ether lipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine, Plasmenylcholine, sn-Glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 1-Alkyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Alkyl-2-acylglycerol, Acylglycerone phosphate, 1-Alkenyl-2-acylglycerol, O-Alkylglycerone phosphate, 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 1-Organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-O-Alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, O-1-Alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1-Radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycerol, 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, 2-Acyl-1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, Seminolipid, Galactosyl-1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol
66	M00068_G00094	hsa00603	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo series	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo and isoglobo series - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Lactosylceramide, Globotriaosylceramide, Globoside, Forssman antigen, IV3GalNAcb-Gb4Cer, Galactosylgloboside, Monosialylgalactosylgloboside, Globo-H, V3(NeuAc)2-Gb5Cer, NA  G00101, NA  G00102, NA  G00103, NA  G00104, GalGb3Cer, NA  G00106, NA  G00107, Disialosylglobopentaosylceramide, iGb4-Cer, iGb3-Cer, Globo-A, NA  G02977, IV4-alpha-Gal-Gb4Cer, NORint, NOR2 antigen, Globo-B
67	M00069_G00118	hsa00604	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Lactosylceramide, GM3, GM2, GM1, GD1a, GT1a, GD3, GD2, GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b, GT3, GT2, GT1c, GQ1c, GP1c, GA2, Asialo-GM1, GM1b, GD1c, GD1a, GT1aalpha, GQ1balpha, GM2alpha, GM1alpha, GD1beta, Fucosyl-GM1, N-Acetylgalactosaminyl GM1b, N-Acetylgalactosaminyl GD1a, 9-O-Acetylated GD3, 9-O-Acetylated GT3
68	M00070_G00037	hsa00601	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Lc3Cer, Lc4Cer, NA  G00038, Type IB glycolipid, BLeb glycolipid, Type IA glycolipid, ALeb glycolipid, IV2Fuc-Lc4Cer, IV2Fuc,III4Fuc-Lc4Cer, Fuc-Lc4Cer, 3'-isoLM1, Fuc-3'-isoLM1, Paragloboside, IV3Gala-nLc4-Cer, Type II B antigen, Type II A antigen, IV2Fuc-nLc4Cer, III3,IV2Fuc-nLc4Cer, Gal-TypeIIA glycolipid, Type IIIH glycolipid, Type IIIA glycolipid, III3Fuc-nLc4Cer, Sialyl-6-paragloboside, Sialyl-3-paragloboside, IV3NeuAc,III3Fuc-nLc4Cer, 3',8'-LD1, nLc5Cer, nLc6Cer, nLc7Cer, nLc8Cer, VI2Fuc-nLc6, NA  G00072, NA  G00073, NA  G00074, Type IIIAb, III3Fuc-nLc6Cer, NA  G00077, iso-nLc8Cer, NA  G00079, NA  G00080, NA  G00081, Trifucosyl Lewis y, NA  G00083, NA  G00084, NA  G00085, NA  G00086, VI6NeuAc-nLc6Cer, VI3NeuAc-nLc6Cer, V3Fuc-nLc6Cer, V3Fuc,III3Fuc-nLc6Cer, NA  G00091, Lactosylceramide, IV4Gala-nLc4-Cer, III3,IV2Fuca,IV3GalNAca-nLc4-Cer, IV4GalNAcb-SPG ganglioside, PX2, III3,IV2Fuca,IV3Gala-nLc4-Cer
69	M00071_G00050	hsa00601	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series	Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Lc3Cer, Lc4Cer, NA  G00038, Type IB glycolipid, BLeb glycolipid, Type IA glycolipid, ALeb glycolipid, IV2Fuc-Lc4Cer, IV2Fuc,III4Fuc-Lc4Cer, Fuc-Lc4Cer, 3'-isoLM1, Fuc-3'-isoLM1, Paragloboside, IV3Gala-nLc4-Cer, Type II B antigen, Type II A antigen, IV2Fuc-nLc4Cer, III3,IV2Fuc-nLc4Cer, Gal-TypeIIA glycolipid, Type IIIH glycolipid, Type IIIA glycolipid, III3Fuc-nLc4Cer, Sialyl-6-paragloboside, Sialyl-3-paragloboside, IV3NeuAc,III3Fuc-nLc4Cer, 3',8'-LD1, nLc5Cer, nLc6Cer, nLc7Cer, nLc8Cer, VI2Fuc-nLc6, NA  G00072, NA  G00073, NA  G00074, Type IIIAb, III3Fuc-nLc6Cer, NA  G00077, iso-nLc8Cer, NA  G00079, NA  G00080, NA  G00081, Trifucosyl Lewis y, NA  G00083, NA  G00084, NA  G00085, NA  G00086, VI6NeuAc-nLc6Cer, VI3NeuAc-nLc6Cer, V3Fuc-nLc6Cer, V3Fuc,III3Fuc-nLc6Cer, NA  G00091, Lactosylceramide, IV4Gala-nLc4-Cer, III3,IV2Fuca,IV3GalNAca-nLc4-Cer, IV4GalNAcb-SPG ganglioside, PX2, III3,IV2Fuca,IV3Gala-nLc4-Cer
70	M00073_G00012	hsa00510	N-Glycan biosynthesis	N-Glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	N-glycans or asparagine-linked glycans are major constituents of glycoproteins in eukaryotes. N-glycans are covalently attached to asparagine with the consensus sequence of Asn-X-Ser/Thr by an N-glycosidic bond, GlcNAc b1- Asn. Biosynthesis of N-glycans begins on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane with the transferase reaction of UDP-GlcNAc and the lipid-like precursor P-Dol (dolichol phosphate) to generate GlcNAc a1- PP-Dol. After sequential addition of monosaccharides by ALG glycosyltransferases [MD:M00055], the N-glycan precursor is attached by the OST (oligosaccharyltransferase) complex to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized and translocated through the ER membrane. The protein-bound N-glycan precursor is subsequently trimmed, extended, and modified in the ER and Golgi by a complex series of reactions catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. N-glycans thus synthesized are classified into three types: high-mannose type, complex type, and hybrid type. Defects in N-glycan biosynthesis lead to a variety of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation [DS:H00118 H00119].	GDP-mannose, Dolichyl phosphate, Dolichol, Dolichyl diphosphate, Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, Protein asparagine, Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, Polyprenol, N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, N,N'-Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, NA  G00003, NA  G00004, NA  G00005, NA  G00006, NA  G00007, NA  G00008, NA  G00009, NA  G00010, NA  G00011, NA  G00012, NA  G00013, NA  G00014, NA  G00015, Core fucose, NA  G00017, DS 3, NA  G00019, NA  G00020, NA  G00021, NA  G00022, NA  G00171, NA  G10526, NA  G10595, NA  G10596, NA  G10597, NA  G10598, NA  G10599, NA  G10694
71	M00075_G00019	hsa00510	N-Glycan biosynthesis	N-Glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	N-glycans or asparagine-linked glycans are major constituents of glycoproteins in eukaryotes. N-glycans are covalently attached to asparagine with the consensus sequence of Asn-X-Ser/Thr by an N-glycosidic bond, GlcNAc b1- Asn. Biosynthesis of N-glycans begins on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane with the transferase reaction of UDP-GlcNAc and the lipid-like precursor P-Dol (dolichol phosphate) to generate GlcNAc a1- PP-Dol. After sequential addition of monosaccharides by ALG glycosyltransferases [MD:M00055], the N-glycan precursor is attached by the OST (oligosaccharyltransferase) complex to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized and translocated through the ER membrane. The protein-bound N-glycan precursor is subsequently trimmed, extended, and modified in the ER and Golgi by a complex series of reactions catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. N-glycans thus synthesized are classified into three types: high-mannose type, complex type, and hybrid type. Defects in N-glycan biosynthesis lead to a variety of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation [DS:H00118 H00119].	GDP-mannose, Dolichyl phosphate, Dolichol, Dolichyl diphosphate, Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, Protein asparagine, Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, Polyprenol, N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, N,N'-Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, NA  G00003, NA  G00004, NA  G00005, NA  G00006, NA  G00007, NA  G00008, NA  G00009, NA  G00010, NA  G00011, NA  G00012, NA  G00013, NA  G00014, NA  G00015, Core fucose, NA  G00017, DS 3, NA  G00019, NA  G00020, NA  G00021, NA  G00022, NA  G00171, NA  G10526, NA  G10595, NA  G10596, NA  G10597, NA  G10598, NA  G10599, NA  G10694
72	M00075_G00022	hsa00510	N-Glycan biosynthesis	N-Glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	N-glycans or asparagine-linked glycans are major constituents of glycoproteins in eukaryotes. N-glycans are covalently attached to asparagine with the consensus sequence of Asn-X-Ser/Thr by an N-glycosidic bond, GlcNAc b1- Asn. Biosynthesis of N-glycans begins on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane with the transferase reaction of UDP-GlcNAc and the lipid-like precursor P-Dol (dolichol phosphate) to generate GlcNAc a1- PP-Dol. After sequential addition of monosaccharides by ALG glycosyltransferases [MD:M00055], the N-glycan precursor is attached by the OST (oligosaccharyltransferase) complex to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized and translocated through the ER membrane. The protein-bound N-glycan precursor is subsequently trimmed, extended, and modified in the ER and Golgi by a complex series of reactions catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. N-glycans thus synthesized are classified into three types: high-mannose type, complex type, and hybrid type. Defects in N-glycan biosynthesis lead to a variety of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation [DS:H00118 H00119].	GDP-mannose, Dolichyl phosphate, Dolichol, Dolichyl diphosphate, Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, Protein asparagine, Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, Polyprenol, N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, N,N'-Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, NA  G00003, NA  G00004, NA  G00005, NA  G00006, NA  G00007, NA  G00008, NA  G00009, NA  G00010, NA  G00011, NA  G00012, NA  G00013, NA  G00014, NA  G00015, Core fucose, NA  G00017, DS 3, NA  G00019, NA  G00020, NA  G00021, NA  G00022, NA  G00171, NA  G10526, NA  G10595, NA  G10596, NA  G10597, NA  G10598, NA  G10599, NA  G10694
73	M00075_G00018	hsa00510	N-Glycan biosynthesis	N-Glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	N-glycans or asparagine-linked glycans are major constituents of glycoproteins in eukaryotes. N-glycans are covalently attached to asparagine with the consensus sequence of Asn-X-Ser/Thr by an N-glycosidic bond, GlcNAc b1- Asn. Biosynthesis of N-glycans begins on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane with the transferase reaction of UDP-GlcNAc and the lipid-like precursor P-Dol (dolichol phosphate) to generate GlcNAc a1- PP-Dol. After sequential addition of monosaccharides by ALG glycosyltransferases [MD:M00055], the N-glycan precursor is attached by the OST (oligosaccharyltransferase) complex to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized and translocated through the ER membrane. The protein-bound N-glycan precursor is subsequently trimmed, extended, and modified in the ER and Golgi by a complex series of reactions catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. N-glycans thus synthesized are classified into three types: high-mannose type, complex type, and hybrid type. Defects in N-glycan biosynthesis lead to a variety of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation [DS:H00118 H00119].	GDP-mannose, Dolichyl phosphate, Dolichol, Dolichyl diphosphate, Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, Protein asparagine, Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, Polyprenol, N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, N,N'-Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, NA  G00003, NA  G00004, NA  G00005, NA  G00006, NA  G00007, NA  G00008, NA  G00009, NA  G00010, NA  G00011, NA  G00012, NA  G00013, NA  G00014, NA  G00015, Core fucose, NA  G00017, DS 3, NA  G00019, NA  G00020, NA  G00021, NA  G00022, NA  G00171, NA  G10526, NA  G10595, NA  G10596, NA  G10597, NA  G10598, NA  G10599, NA  G10694
74	M00076_G00872	hsa00531	Glycosaminoglycan degradation	Glycosaminoglycan degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Dermatan sulfate, Keratan sulfate, Chondroitin 4-sulfate, Heparan sulfate, NA  G00526, NA  G00711, DWA-2, NA  G01391, NA  G01945, NA  G01977, NA  G02632, NA  G09660, NA  G10008, Hyaluronic acid, NA  G12336, NA  G13034, NA  G13035, NA  G13036, NA  G13037, NA  G13038, NA  G13039, NA  G13040, NA  G13041, NA  G13042, NA  G13043, NA  G13073, NA  G13074
75	M00077_G00872	hsa00531	Glycosaminoglycan degradation	Glycosaminoglycan degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Dermatan sulfate, Keratan sulfate, Chondroitin 4-sulfate, Heparan sulfate, NA  G00526, NA  G00711, DWA-2, NA  G01391, NA  G01945, NA  G01977, NA  G02632, NA  G09660, NA  G10008, Hyaluronic acid, NA  G12336, NA  G13034, NA  G13035, NA  G13036, NA  G13037, NA  G13038, NA  G13039, NA  G13040, NA  G13041, NA  G13042, NA  G13043, NA  G13073, NA  G13074
76	M00078_G02632	hsa00531	Glycosaminoglycan degradation	Glycosaminoglycan degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Dermatan sulfate, Keratan sulfate, Chondroitin 4-sulfate, Heparan sulfate, NA  G00526, NA  G00711, DWA-2, NA  G01391, NA  G01945, NA  G01977, NA  G02632, NA  G09660, NA  G10008, Hyaluronic acid, NA  G12336, NA  G13034, NA  G13035, NA  G13036, NA  G13037, NA  G13038, NA  G13039, NA  G13040, NA  G13041, NA  G13042, NA  G13043, NA  G13073, NA  G13074
77	M00079_G01391	hsa00531	Glycosaminoglycan degradation	Glycosaminoglycan degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	NA	Dermatan sulfate, Keratan sulfate, Chondroitin 4-sulfate, Heparan sulfate, NA  G00526, NA  G00711, DWA-2, NA  G01391, NA  G01945, NA  G01977, NA  G02632, NA  G09660, NA  G10008, Hyaluronic acid, NA  G12336, NA  G13034, NA  G13035, NA  G13036, NA  G13037, NA  G13038, NA  G13039, NA  G13040, NA  G13041, NA  G13042, NA  G13043, NA  G13073, NA  G13074
78	M00082_C05744	hsa01212	Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	NA	NA
79	M00082_C05744	hsa00061	Fatty acid biosynthesis	Fatty acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, Palmitoyl-CoA, Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Acyl-carrier protein, Hexadecanoic acid, Malonate, Long-chain fatty acid, 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein], trans-2,3-Dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (9Z)-Octadecenoic acid, Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Octadecanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Dodecanoic acid, Long-chain acyl-CoA, Acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Octadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], cis-Dec-3-enoyl-[acp], But-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Acetoacetyl-[acp], Butyryl-[acp], 3-Oxohexanoyl-[acp], (3R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], trans-Hex-2-enoyl-[acp], Hexanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxooctanoyl-[acp], trans-Oct-2-enoyl-[acp], Octanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxodecanoyl-[acp], trans-Dec-2-enoyl-[acp], Decanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxododecanoyl-[acp], (3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], trans-Dodec-2-enoyl-[acp], 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-[acp], trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-[acp], Tetradecanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxohexadecanoyl-[acp], trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-[acp], Hexadecanoyl-[acp], Octanoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid, (9Z)-Hexadecenoic acid, 3-Oxostearoyl-[acp], (3R)-3-Hydroxyoctadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (2E)-Octadecenoyl-[acp], Hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier protein], n-7 Unsaturated acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
80	M00083_C05745	hsa01212	Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	NA	NA
81	M00083_C05745	hsa00061	Fatty acid biosynthesis	Fatty acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, Palmitoyl-CoA, Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Acyl-carrier protein, Hexadecanoic acid, Malonate, Long-chain fatty acid, 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein], trans-2,3-Dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (9Z)-Octadecenoic acid, Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Octadecanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Dodecanoic acid, Long-chain acyl-CoA, Acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Octadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], cis-Dec-3-enoyl-[acp], But-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (3R)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Acetoacetyl-[acp], Butyryl-[acp], 3-Oxohexanoyl-[acp], (3R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], trans-Hex-2-enoyl-[acp], Hexanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxooctanoyl-[acp], trans-Oct-2-enoyl-[acp], Octanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxodecanoyl-[acp], trans-Dec-2-enoyl-[acp], Decanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxododecanoyl-[acp], (3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], trans-Dodec-2-enoyl-[acp], 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-[acp], trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-[acp], Tetradecanoyl-[acp], 3-Oxohexadecanoyl-[acp], trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-[acp], Hexadecanoyl-[acp], Octanoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid, (9Z)-Hexadecenoic acid, 3-Oxostearoyl-[acp], (3R)-3-Hydroxyoctadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], (2E)-Octadecenoyl-[acp], Hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier protein], n-7 Unsaturated acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
82	M00085_C00040	hsa01212	Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	NA	NA
83	M00085_C00040	hsa00062	Fatty acid elongation	Fatty acid elongation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Acyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, Butanoyl-CoA, Palmitoyl-CoA, Fatty acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 3-Oxoacyl-CoA, 2,3-Dehydroacyl-CoA, Long-chain fatty acid, (3S)-3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA, trans-2,3-Dehydroacyl-CoA, Lauroyl-CoA, Octanoyl-CoA, Tetradecanoyl-CoA, Long-chain acyl-CoA, 2-trans-Dodecenoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA, (S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA, (S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA, Hexanoyl-CoA, trans-Hex-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA, Decanoyl-CoA, trans-Dec-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Oct-2-enoyl-CoA, Very-long-chain acyl-CoA, Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA, Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, Very-long-chain trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA
84	M00087_C02593	hsa01212	Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	NA	NA
85	M00087_C02593	hsa00071	Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	CoA, Acetyl-CoA, Aldehyde, Butanoyl-CoA, Palmitoyl-CoA, Fatty acid, Primary alcohol, Acyl-carrier protein, Hexadecanoic acid, Acetoacetyl-CoA, Reduced rubredoxin, Oxidized rubredoxin, Glutarate, Hexadecanal, Glutaryl-CoA, Long-chain fatty acid, 1-Hexadecanol, Crotonoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, Alkane, Lauroyl-CoA, Octanoyl-CoA, Tetradecanoyl-CoA, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, 2-trans-Dodecenoyl-CoA, omega-Hydroxy fatty acid, (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, alpha-Hydroxy fatty acid, (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA, (S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA, (S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA, Hexanoyl-CoA, trans-Hex-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA, Decanoyl-CoA, trans-Dec-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Oct-2-enoyl-CoA, trans,cis-Lauro-2,6-dienoyl-CoA, cis,cis-3,6-Dodecadienoyl-CoA, Long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
86	M00089_C00422	hsa00561	Glycerolipid metabolism	Glycerolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	UDP-glucose, Acyl-CoA, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Glycerol, Fatty acid, Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Glycerone, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, D-Glycerate, Phosphatidate, Triacylglycerol, D-Glyceraldehyde, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 3-Hydroxypropanal, 1-Acylglycerol, Acyl phosphate, Propane-1,3-diol, 1,2-Diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol, 3-D-Glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol, 2-Acyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol, 1,2-Diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol, 3-beta-D-Galactosyl-sn-glycerol, Digalactosyl-diacylglycerol, Acyl1-monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, Diglucosyldiacylglycerol, Glycerophosphoglycoglycerolipid, Lipoteichoic acid, 1,2-Diacyl-3-alpha-D-glucosyl-sn-glycerol, alpha-Kojibiosyldiacylglycerol, UDP-6-sulfoquinovose, Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, Glycerophosphoglycoglycerolipid, Lipoteichoic acid, 1,2-Diacyl-3-O-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol
87	M00090_C00157	hsa00564	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	Glycerophospholipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acyl-CoA, L-Serine, Acetaldehyde, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Choline, Phosphatidylcholine, Ethanolamine, CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-choline, Phosphatidylglycerol, Ethanolamine phosphate, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidate, CDP-glycerol, CDP-ethanolamine, Choline phosphate, sn-Glycerol 1-phosphate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, N-Methylethanolamine phosphate, sn-Glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, Acetylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, Acylglycerone phosphate, 1-Acylglycerophosphoinositol, L-Serine-phosphoethanolamine, Phosphatidylglycerophosphate, 2-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-(O-Geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, 2,3-Bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, Aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol, Cardiolipin, Triethanolamine, Diethanolamine, Phosphodimethylethanolamine, CDP-2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, Monolysocardiolipin, Diacylglycerylhomoserine, Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine, 2,3-Bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-1-phospho-L-serine, 2,3-Bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, Heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate, Heptaprenylglycerol, Diacetylheptaprenylglycerol
88	M00091_C00157	hsa00564	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	Glycerophospholipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acyl-CoA, L-Serine, Acetaldehyde, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Choline, Phosphatidylcholine, Ethanolamine, CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-choline, Phosphatidylglycerol, Ethanolamine phosphate, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidate, CDP-glycerol, CDP-ethanolamine, Choline phosphate, sn-Glycerol 1-phosphate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, N-Methylethanolamine phosphate, sn-Glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, Acetylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, Acylglycerone phosphate, 1-Acylglycerophosphoinositol, L-Serine-phosphoethanolamine, Phosphatidylglycerophosphate, 2-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-(O-Geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, 2,3-Bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, Aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol, Cardiolipin, Triethanolamine, Diethanolamine, Phosphodimethylethanolamine, CDP-2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, Monolysocardiolipin, Diacylglycerylhomoserine, Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine, 2,3-Bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-1-phospho-L-serine, 2,3-Bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, Heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate, Heptaprenylglycerol, Diacetylheptaprenylglycerol
89	M00092_C00350	hsa00564	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	Glycerophospholipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acyl-CoA, L-Serine, Acetaldehyde, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Choline, Phosphatidylcholine, Ethanolamine, CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-choline, Phosphatidylglycerol, Ethanolamine phosphate, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidate, CDP-glycerol, CDP-ethanolamine, Choline phosphate, sn-Glycerol 1-phosphate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, N-Methylethanolamine phosphate, sn-Glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, Acetylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, Acylglycerone phosphate, 1-Acylglycerophosphoinositol, L-Serine-phosphoethanolamine, Phosphatidylglycerophosphate, 2-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-(O-Geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, 2,3-Bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, Aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol, Cardiolipin, Triethanolamine, Diethanolamine, Phosphodimethylethanolamine, CDP-2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, Monolysocardiolipin, Diacylglycerylhomoserine, Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine, 2,3-Bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-1-phospho-L-serine, 2,3-Bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, Heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate, Heptaprenylglycerol, Diacetylheptaprenylglycerol
90	M00094_C00195	hsa00600	Sphingolipid metabolism	Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	L-Serine, Palmitoyl-CoA, N-Acylsphingosine, Sphingosine, Ethanolamine phosphate, Sphingomyelin, Sphinganine, Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Glucosylceramide, Lactosylceramide, Psychosine, Galactosylceramide, 3-Dehydrosphinganine, Ceramide 1-phosphate, D-Glucosylsphingosine, Globoside, Lactosylceramide sulfate, Sphingosyl-phosphocholine, GM3, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide, N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sulfatide, Digalactosylceramide, Digalactosylceramide sulfate, GM4, GA2, GA1, Dihydroceramide, Phytosphingosine, Phytoceramide, Gangliotriaosylceramide-II3 sulfate
91	M00095_C00235	hsa00900	Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis	Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides	Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large class of natural products consisting of isoprene (C5) units. There are two biosynthetic pathways, the mevalonate pathway [MD:M00095] and the non-mevalonate pathway or the MEP/DOXP pathway [MD:M00096], for the terpenoid building blocks: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The action of prenyltransferases then generates higher-order building blocks: geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farsenyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are the precursors of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20), respectively. Condensation of these building blocks gives rise to the precursors of sterols (C30) and carotenoids (C40). The MEP/DOXP pathway is absent in higher animals and fungi, but in green plants the MEP/DOXP and mevalonate pathways co-exist in separate cellular compartments. The MEP/DOXP pathway, operating in the plastids, is responsible for the formation of essential oil monoterpenes and linalyl acetate, some sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids and phytol. The mevalonate pathway, operating in the cytosol, gives rise to triterpenes, sterols, and most sesquiterpenes.	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Isopentenyl diphosphate, Dimethylallyl diphosphate, Acetoacetyl-CoA, Geranyl diphosphate, Geranylgeranyl diphosphate, (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, (R)-Mevalonate, trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate, (R)-5-Phosphomevalonate, (2E,6E)-Farnesol, (R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate, all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate, cis-1,4-Polyisoprene, 2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal, all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate, all-trans-Octaprenyl diphosphate, all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate, Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine, di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate, Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester, Phytyl diphosphate, ditrans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate, Polyprenol, 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, 4-(Cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, 2-Phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate, 1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate, Isoprene, 2-cis,6-trans-Farnesyl diphosphate, all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate, trans,octacis-Decaprenyl diphosphate, Farnesylcysteine, 2-cis,6-cis-Farnesyl diphosphate, tritrans,heptacis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate, trans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate, S-Farnesyl protein, trans,trans-Farnesyl phosphate, Isopentenyl phosphate, (R)-Mevalonate 3-phosphate, (R)-Mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate, trans-Anhydromevalonate 5-phosphate
92	M00098_C00116	hsa00561	Glycerolipid metabolism	Glycerolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	UDP-glucose, Acyl-CoA, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Glycerol, Fatty acid, Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein], Glycerone, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, D-Glycerate, Phosphatidate, Triacylglycerol, D-Glyceraldehyde, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 3-Hydroxypropanal, 1-Acylglycerol, Acyl phosphate, Propane-1,3-diol, 1,2-Diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol, 3-D-Glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol, 2-Acyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol, 1,2-Diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol, 3-beta-D-Galactosyl-sn-glycerol, Digalactosyl-diacylglycerol, Acyl1-monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, Diglucosyldiacylglycerol, Glycerophosphoglycoglycerolipid, Lipoteichoic acid, 1,2-Diacyl-3-alpha-D-glucosyl-sn-glycerol, alpha-Kojibiosyldiacylglycerol, UDP-6-sulfoquinovose, Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, Glycerophosphoglycoglycerolipid, Lipoteichoic acid, 1,2-Diacyl-3-O-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol
93	M00099_C00319	hsa00600	Sphingolipid metabolism	Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	L-Serine, Palmitoyl-CoA, N-Acylsphingosine, Sphingosine, Ethanolamine phosphate, Sphingomyelin, Sphinganine, Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Glucosylceramide, Lactosylceramide, Psychosine, Galactosylceramide, 3-Dehydrosphinganine, Ceramide 1-phosphate, D-Glucosylsphingosine, Globoside, Lactosylceramide sulfate, Sphingosyl-phosphocholine, GM3, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide, N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sulfatide, Digalactosylceramide, Digalactosylceramide sulfate, GM4, GA2, GA1, Dihydroceramide, Phytosphingosine, Phytoceramide, Gangliotriaosylceramide-II3 sulfate
94	M00100_C00346	hsa00600	Sphingolipid metabolism	Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	L-Serine, Palmitoyl-CoA, N-Acylsphingosine, Sphingosine, Ethanolamine phosphate, Sphingomyelin, Sphinganine, Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Glucosylceramide, Lactosylceramide, Psychosine, Galactosylceramide, 3-Dehydrosphinganine, Ceramide 1-phosphate, D-Glucosylsphingosine, Globoside, Lactosylceramide sulfate, Sphingosyl-phosphocholine, GM3, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide, N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, D-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide, Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sulfatide, Digalactosylceramide, Digalactosylceramide sulfate, GM4, GA2, GA1, Dihydroceramide, Phytosphingosine, Phytoceramide, Gangliotriaosylceramide-II3 sulfate
95	M00101_C00187	hsa00100	Steroid biosynthesis	Steroid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Cholesterol, trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate, Squalene, (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Lathosterol, Calcidiol, Calcitriol, Ergosterol, Lanosterol, beta-Sitosterol, Campesterol, Desmosterol, Cycloartenol, Obtusifoliol, Cycloeucalenol, Cholesterol ester, Presqualene diphosphate, 5alpha-Cholest-8-en-3beta-ol, Fecosterol, 4alpha-Methylzymosterol, 7-Dehydrodesmosterol, 14-Demethyllanosterol, 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol, Zymosterol, 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol, Ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol, Vitamin D2, Stigmasterol, Vitamin D3, Secalciferol, Brassicasterol, Isofucosterol, 24-Methylidenecycloartanol, 4,4-Dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol, 4alpha-Methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol, 24-Methylenelophenol, 24-Ethylidenelophenol, 4alpha-Methylfecosterol, Episterol, 5-Dehydroepisterol, 24-Methylenecholesterol, Delta7-Avenasterol, 5-Dehydroavenasterol, 4alpha-Methylzymosterol-4-carboxylate, 3-Keto-4-methylzymosterol, 4,4-Dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol, Calcitetrol, 24-epi-Campesterol, 4alpha-Carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol, 3beta-Hydroxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(24(1))-en-4alpha-carboxylate, 3beta-Hydroxyergosta-7,24(24(1))-dien-4alpha-carboxylate, 4alpha-Carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(24(1))-dien-3beta-ol, Cycloeucalenone, Episterone, Avenastenone, Zymosterone
96	M00103_C01673	hsa00100	Steroid biosynthesis	Steroid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Cholesterol, trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate, Squalene, (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Lathosterol, Calcidiol, Calcitriol, Ergosterol, Lanosterol, beta-Sitosterol, Campesterol, Desmosterol, Cycloartenol, Obtusifoliol, Cycloeucalenol, Cholesterol ester, Presqualene diphosphate, 5alpha-Cholest-8-en-3beta-ol, Fecosterol, 4alpha-Methylzymosterol, 7-Dehydrodesmosterol, 14-Demethyllanosterol, 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol, Zymosterol, 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol, Ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol, Vitamin D2, Stigmasterol, Vitamin D3, Secalciferol, Brassicasterol, Isofucosterol, 24-Methylidenecycloartanol, 4,4-Dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol, 4alpha-Methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol, 24-Methylenelophenol, 24-Ethylidenelophenol, 4alpha-Methylfecosterol, Episterol, 5-Dehydroepisterol, 24-Methylenecholesterol, Delta7-Avenasterol, 5-Dehydroavenasterol, 4alpha-Methylzymosterol-4-carboxylate, 3-Keto-4-methylzymosterol, 4,4-Dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol, Calcitetrol, 24-epi-Campesterol, 4alpha-Carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol, 3beta-Hydroxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(24(1))-en-4alpha-carboxylate, 3beta-Hydroxyergosta-7,24(24(1))-dien-4alpha-carboxylate, 4alpha-Carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(24(1))-dien-3beta-ol, Cycloeucalenone, Episterone, Avenastenone, Zymosterone
97	M00104_C00695	hsa00120	Primary bile acid biosynthesis	Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Bile acids are steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol in vertebrates. The primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized in the liver and conjugated with taurine or glycine before secretion via bile into the intestine. The conversion from cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids involves four steps: 1) the initiation of synthesis by 7alpha-hydroxylation of sterol precursors, 2) further modifications to the ring structures, 3) side-chain oxidation and shortening (cleavage) by three carbons, and 4) conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine.	Glycine, Cholesterol, Taurine, Cholic acid, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, Choloyl-CoA, Glycocholate, Chenodeoxycholate, 7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate, Taurocholate, Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha-Hydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, Taurochenodeoxycholate, Glycochenodeoxycholate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 5beta-Cyprinolsulfate, 7alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol, Cerebrosterol, (24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha,25-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7alpha,26-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate, 4-Cholesten-7alpha,12alpha-diol-3-one, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
98	M00104_C02528	hsa00120	Primary bile acid biosynthesis	Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Bile acids are steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol in vertebrates. The primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized in the liver and conjugated with taurine or glycine before secretion via bile into the intestine. The conversion from cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids involves four steps: 1) the initiation of synthesis by 7alpha-hydroxylation of sterol precursors, 2) further modifications to the ring structures, 3) side-chain oxidation and shortening (cleavage) by three carbons, and 4) conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine.	Glycine, Cholesterol, Taurine, Cholic acid, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, Choloyl-CoA, Glycocholate, Chenodeoxycholate, 7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate, Taurocholate, Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha-Hydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, Taurochenodeoxycholate, Glycochenodeoxycholate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 5beta-Cyprinolsulfate, 7alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol, Cerebrosterol, (24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha,25-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7alpha,26-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate, 4-Cholesten-7alpha,12alpha-diol-3-one, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
99	M00106_C05122	hsa00120	Primary bile acid biosynthesis	Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Bile acids are steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol in vertebrates. The primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized in the liver and conjugated with taurine or glycine before secretion via bile into the intestine. The conversion from cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids involves four steps: 1) the initiation of synthesis by 7alpha-hydroxylation of sterol precursors, 2) further modifications to the ring structures, 3) side-chain oxidation and shortening (cleavage) by three carbons, and 4) conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine.	Glycine, Cholesterol, Taurine, Cholic acid, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, Choloyl-CoA, Glycocholate, Chenodeoxycholate, 7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate, Taurocholate, Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha-Hydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, Taurochenodeoxycholate, Glycochenodeoxycholate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 5beta-Cyprinolsulfate, 7alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol, Cerebrosterol, (24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha,25-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7alpha,26-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate, 4-Cholesten-7alpha,12alpha-diol-3-one, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
100	M00106_C01921	hsa00120	Primary bile acid biosynthesis	Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Bile acids are steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol in vertebrates. The primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized in the liver and conjugated with taurine or glycine before secretion via bile into the intestine. The conversion from cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids involves four steps: 1) the initiation of synthesis by 7alpha-hydroxylation of sterol precursors, 2) further modifications to the ring structures, 3) side-chain oxidation and shortening (cleavage) by three carbons, and 4) conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine.	Glycine, Cholesterol, Taurine, Cholic acid, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, Choloyl-CoA, Glycocholate, Chenodeoxycholate, 7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate, Taurocholate, Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha-Hydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane, 7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, Taurochenodeoxycholate, Glycochenodeoxycholate, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA, 5beta-Cyprinolsulfate, 7alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol, Cerebrosterol, (24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol, Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, 7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha,25-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7alpha,26-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate, 4-Cholesten-7alpha,12alpha-diol-3-one, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA, (25S)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
101	M00107_C00410	hsa00140	Steroid hormone biosynthesis	Steroid hormone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are a class of biologically active compounds in vertebrates. The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme CYP11A1 catalyzes conversion of cholesterol, a C27 compound, to the first C21 steroid, pregnenolone, which is converted by a bifunctional enzyme complex to the gestagen hormone, progesterone [MD:M00107]. Pregnenolone and progesterone are the starting materials for the three groups of steroids: C21 steroids of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C19 steroids of androgens, and C18 steroids of estrogens. (i) Progesterone is converted by hydroxylations at carbons 21 and 11 to corticosterone, which is further modified by hydroxylation and oxydoreduction at carbon 18 to yield aldosterone, a mineralcorticoid [MD:M00108]. Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid, is formed from 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone with 11-deoxycortisol as an intermediate [MD:M00109]. (ii) Male hormone testosterone is formed from pregnenolone by two pathways, delta5 pathway via dehydroepiandrosterone and delta4 pathway via androstenedione [MD:M00110]. The enzyme CYP17A1 is responsible for the 17,20 lyase and 17alpha-hydroxylase activities in respective pathways. (iii) Female hormones estrone and estradiol are formed from testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione by oxidative removal of the C19 methyl group and subsequent aromatization of ring A. In addition to these three groups, recent studies show that there is another group, termed neurosteroids, synthesized in the brain rather than the peripheral endocrine gland.	Cholesterol, Androstenedione, Progesterone, Estrone, Androsterone, Testosterone, 5alpha-Androstane-3,17-dione, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol-17beta, 18-Hydroxycorticosterone, 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Aldosterone, Pregnenolone, Corticosterone, 4-Methylpentanal, Estradiol-17alpha, Estrone 3-sulfate, 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 11alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, 5beta-Androstane-3,17-dione, Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol, Dihydrotestosterone, 6beta-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol, 20alpha-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, Androstenediol, Etiocholanolone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Testololactone, 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, 16alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Estriol, 11beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Adrenosterone, 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 7alpha-Hydroxytestosterone, 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone, 19-Hydroxytestosterone, 19-Oxotestosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 2-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Methoxyestrone, 16alpha-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Hydroxyestradiol, 2-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, Tetrahydrocortisone, Dihydrocortisol, Urocortisol, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, Tetrahydrocorticosterone, 21-Hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione, 5beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione, Pregnanolone, Cortolone, Cortol, 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-11-one, Pregnanediol, 21-Hydroxypregnenolone, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Dehydrocorticosterone, 21-Deoxycortisol, 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxycholesterol, 20alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 20alpha,22beta-Dihydroxycholesterol, 22(R)-Hydroxycholesterol, Estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 16-Glucuronide-estriol, Estradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxy-estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide, Estrone glucuronide, Testosterone glucuronide, Androsterone glucuronide, Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide, Allopregnanolone, Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, Aldosterone hemiacetal, 5alpha-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnan-20alpha-ol-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,20alpha-diol, Cholesterol sulfate, 3beta-Hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one sulfate, 7alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11beta,17beta-Dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnan-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one
102	M00108_C01780	hsa00140	Steroid hormone biosynthesis	Steroid hormone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are a class of biologically active compounds in vertebrates. The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme CYP11A1 catalyzes conversion of cholesterol, a C27 compound, to the first C21 steroid, pregnenolone, which is converted by a bifunctional enzyme complex to the gestagen hormone, progesterone [MD:M00107]. Pregnenolone and progesterone are the starting materials for the three groups of steroids: C21 steroids of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C19 steroids of androgens, and C18 steroids of estrogens. (i) Progesterone is converted by hydroxylations at carbons 21 and 11 to corticosterone, which is further modified by hydroxylation and oxydoreduction at carbon 18 to yield aldosterone, a mineralcorticoid [MD:M00108]. Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid, is formed from 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone with 11-deoxycortisol as an intermediate [MD:M00109]. (ii) Male hormone testosterone is formed from pregnenolone by two pathways, delta5 pathway via dehydroepiandrosterone and delta4 pathway via androstenedione [MD:M00110]. The enzyme CYP17A1 is responsible for the 17,20 lyase and 17alpha-hydroxylase activities in respective pathways. (iii) Female hormones estrone and estradiol are formed from testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione by oxidative removal of the C19 methyl group and subsequent aromatization of ring A. In addition to these three groups, recent studies show that there is another group, termed neurosteroids, synthesized in the brain rather than the peripheral endocrine gland.	Cholesterol, Androstenedione, Progesterone, Estrone, Androsterone, Testosterone, 5alpha-Androstane-3,17-dione, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol-17beta, 18-Hydroxycorticosterone, 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Aldosterone, Pregnenolone, Corticosterone, 4-Methylpentanal, Estradiol-17alpha, Estrone 3-sulfate, 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 11alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, 5beta-Androstane-3,17-dione, Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol, Dihydrotestosterone, 6beta-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol, 20alpha-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, Androstenediol, Etiocholanolone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Testololactone, 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, 16alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Estriol, 11beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Adrenosterone, 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 7alpha-Hydroxytestosterone, 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone, 19-Hydroxytestosterone, 19-Oxotestosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 2-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Methoxyestrone, 16alpha-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Hydroxyestradiol, 2-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, Tetrahydrocortisone, Dihydrocortisol, Urocortisol, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, Tetrahydrocorticosterone, 21-Hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione, 5beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione, Pregnanolone, Cortolone, Cortol, 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-11-one, Pregnanediol, 21-Hydroxypregnenolone, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Dehydrocorticosterone, 21-Deoxycortisol, 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxycholesterol, 20alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 20alpha,22beta-Dihydroxycholesterol, 22(R)-Hydroxycholesterol, Estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 16-Glucuronide-estriol, Estradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxy-estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide, Estrone glucuronide, Testosterone glucuronide, Androsterone glucuronide, Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide, Allopregnanolone, Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, Aldosterone hemiacetal, 5alpha-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnan-20alpha-ol-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,20alpha-diol, Cholesterol sulfate, 3beta-Hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one sulfate, 7alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11beta,17beta-Dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnan-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one
103	M00109_C00762	hsa00140	Steroid hormone biosynthesis	Steroid hormone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are a class of biologically active compounds in vertebrates. The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme CYP11A1 catalyzes conversion of cholesterol, a C27 compound, to the first C21 steroid, pregnenolone, which is converted by a bifunctional enzyme complex to the gestagen hormone, progesterone [MD:M00107]. Pregnenolone and progesterone are the starting materials for the three groups of steroids: C21 steroids of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C19 steroids of androgens, and C18 steroids of estrogens. (i) Progesterone is converted by hydroxylations at carbons 21 and 11 to corticosterone, which is further modified by hydroxylation and oxydoreduction at carbon 18 to yield aldosterone, a mineralcorticoid [MD:M00108]. Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid, is formed from 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone with 11-deoxycortisol as an intermediate [MD:M00109]. (ii) Male hormone testosterone is formed from pregnenolone by two pathways, delta5 pathway via dehydroepiandrosterone and delta4 pathway via androstenedione [MD:M00110]. The enzyme CYP17A1 is responsible for the 17,20 lyase and 17alpha-hydroxylase activities in respective pathways. (iii) Female hormones estrone and estradiol are formed from testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione by oxidative removal of the C19 methyl group and subsequent aromatization of ring A. In addition to these three groups, recent studies show that there is another group, termed neurosteroids, synthesized in the brain rather than the peripheral endocrine gland.	Cholesterol, Androstenedione, Progesterone, Estrone, Androsterone, Testosterone, 5alpha-Androstane-3,17-dione, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol-17beta, 18-Hydroxycorticosterone, 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Aldosterone, Pregnenolone, Corticosterone, 4-Methylpentanal, Estradiol-17alpha, Estrone 3-sulfate, 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 11alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, 5beta-Androstane-3,17-dione, Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol, Dihydrotestosterone, 6beta-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol, 20alpha-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, Androstenediol, Etiocholanolone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Testololactone, 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, 16alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Estriol, 11beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Adrenosterone, 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 7alpha-Hydroxytestosterone, 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone, 19-Hydroxytestosterone, 19-Oxotestosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 2-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Methoxyestrone, 16alpha-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Hydroxyestradiol, 2-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, Tetrahydrocortisone, Dihydrocortisol, Urocortisol, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, Tetrahydrocorticosterone, 21-Hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione, 5beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione, Pregnanolone, Cortolone, Cortol, 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-11-one, Pregnanediol, 21-Hydroxypregnenolone, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Dehydrocorticosterone, 21-Deoxycortisol, 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxycholesterol, 20alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 20alpha,22beta-Dihydroxycholesterol, 22(R)-Hydroxycholesterol, Estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 16-Glucuronide-estriol, Estradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxy-estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide, Estrone glucuronide, Testosterone glucuronide, Androsterone glucuronide, Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide, Allopregnanolone, Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, Aldosterone hemiacetal, 5alpha-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnan-20alpha-ol-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,20alpha-diol, Cholesterol sulfate, 3beta-Hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one sulfate, 7alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11beta,17beta-Dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnan-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one
104	M00110_C00468	hsa00140	Steroid hormone biosynthesisf	Steroid hormone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are a class of biologically active compounds in vertebrates. The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme CYP11A1 catalyzes conversion of cholesterol, a C27 compound, to the first C21 steroid, pregnenolone, which is converted by a bifunctional enzyme complex to the gestagen hormone, progesterone [MD:M00107]. Pregnenolone and progesterone are the starting materials for the three groups of steroids: C21 steroids of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C19 steroids of androgens, and C18 steroids of estrogens. (i) Progesterone is converted by hydroxylations at carbons 21 and 11 to corticosterone, which is further modified by hydroxylation and oxydoreduction at carbon 18 to yield aldosterone, a mineralcorticoid [MD:M00108]. Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid, is formed from 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone with 11-deoxycortisol as an intermediate [MD:M00109]. (ii) Male hormone testosterone is formed from pregnenolone by two pathways, delta5 pathway via dehydroepiandrosterone and delta4 pathway via androstenedione [MD:M00110]. The enzyme CYP17A1 is responsible for the 17,20 lyase and 17alpha-hydroxylase activities in respective pathways. (iii) Female hormones estrone and estradiol are formed from testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione by oxidative removal of the C19 methyl group and subsequent aromatization of ring A. In addition to these three groups, recent studies show that there is another group, termed neurosteroids, synthesized in the brain rather than the peripheral endocrine gland.	Cholesterol, Androstenedione, Progesterone, Estrone, Androsterone, Testosterone, 5alpha-Androstane-3,17-dione, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol-17beta, 18-Hydroxycorticosterone, 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Aldosterone, Pregnenolone, Corticosterone, 4-Methylpentanal, Estradiol-17alpha, Estrone 3-sulfate, 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 11alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, 5beta-Androstane-3,17-dione, Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol, Dihydrotestosterone, 6beta-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol, 20alpha-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, Androstenediol, Etiocholanolone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Testololactone, 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, 16alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Estriol, 11beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, Adrenosterone, 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 7alpha-Hydroxytestosterone, 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone, 19-Hydroxytestosterone, 19-Oxotestosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, 2-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Methoxyestrone, 16alpha-Hydroxyestrone, 2-Hydroxyestradiol, 2-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, Tetrahydrocortisone, Dihydrocortisol, Urocortisol, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al, 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, Tetrahydrocorticosterone, 21-Hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione, 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione, 5beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione, Pregnanolone, Cortolone, Cortol, 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-11-one, Pregnanediol, 21-Hydroxypregnenolone, 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone, 11-Dehydrocorticosterone, 21-Deoxycortisol, 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxycholesterol, 20alpha-Hydroxycholesterol, 20alpha,22beta-Dihydroxycholesterol, 22(R)-Hydroxycholesterol, Estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 16-Glucuronide-estriol, Estradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxyestradiol-17beta 3-sulfate, 2-Methoxy-estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide, Estrone glucuronide, Testosterone glucuronide, Androsterone glucuronide, Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide, Allopregnanolone, Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, 7alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, Aldosterone hemiacetal, 5alpha-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, 5alpha-Pregnan-20alpha-ol-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,20alpha-diol, Cholesterol sulfate, 3beta-Hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one sulfate, 7alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11beta,17beta-Dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one, 5alpha-Pregnan-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione, 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one
105	M00118_C00051	hsa00480	Glutathione metabolism	Glutathione metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids	NA	NADPH, NADP+, Acetyl-CoA, L-Glutamate, Glycine, Glutathione, Ascorbate, L-Ornithine, L-Cysteine, Glutathione disulfide, Putrescine, L-Amino acid, Spermidine, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine, Spermine, RX, Cys-Gly, Cadaverine, 5-Oxoproline, Trypanothione, R-S-Glutathione, Trypanothione disulfide, Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine, (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid, Dehydroascorbate, S-Substituted L-cysteine, S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine, R-S-Cysteinylglycine, Glutathionylspermidine, Glutathionylspermine, Bis(glutathionyl)spermine, Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide, Aminopropylcadaverine, Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine, Homotrypanothione, Homotrypanothione disulfide, Tryparedoxin, Tryparedoxin disulfide
106	M00120_C00010	hsa00770	Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins	NA	CoA, Pyruvate, L-Aspartate, Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, L-Cysteine, beta-Alanine, Uracil, 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, L-Valine, Acyl-carrier protein, 5,6-Dihydrouracil, (R)-Pantoate, Spermine, Pantetheine, Pantothenate, Dephospho-CoA, 2-Dehydropantoate, (R)-4-Dehydropantoate, (R)-3,3-Dimethylmalate, Pantetheine 4'-phosphate, 3-Ureidopropionate, D-4'-Phosphopantothenate, Apo-[acyl-carrier protein], N-((R)-Pantothenoyl)-L-cysteine, (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, (R)-4'-Phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine, 3-Aminopropanal, Pantothenol, (S)-2-Acetolactate, (R)-4-Phosphopantoate
107	M00128_C00399	hsa00130	Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis	Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins	Ubiquinone (UQ), also called coenzyme Q, and plastoquinone (PQ) are electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis, respectively. The quinoid nucleus of ubiquinone is derived from the shikimate pathway; 4-hydroxybenzoate is directly formed from chorismate in bacteria, while it can be formed from either chorismate or tyrosine in yeast. The following biosynthesis of terpenoid moiety involves reactions of prenylation, decarboxylation, and three hydroxylations alternating with three methylations. The order of these reactions are somewhat different between bacteria and yeast. Phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E) are fat-soluble vitamins. Phylloquinone is a compound present in all photosynthetic plants serving as a cofactor for photosystem I-mediated electron transport. Menaquinone is an obligatory component of the electron-transfer pathway in bacteria.	L-Tyrosine, 4-Hydroxybenzoate, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, Chorismate, Geranyl diphosphate, Geranylgeranyl diphosphate, Ubiquinol, trans-Cinnamate, Homogentisate, 4-Coumarate, Menaquinone, Isochorismate, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, Phylloquinone, alpha-Tocopherol, gamma-Tocopherol, 2-Succinylbenzoate, 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, 2-Succinylbenzoyl-CoA, Phylloquinol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoate, (R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate, 4-(beta-D-Glucosyloxy)benzoate, all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate, Phytyl diphosphate, 2-Polyprenylphenol, (1R,6R)-6-Hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate, Menaquinol, all-trans-Polyprenyl diphosphate, 4-Hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate, Vitamin K1 epoxide, Spirodilactone, Geranylhydroquinone, 2-Phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, delta-Tocopherol, beta-Tocopherol, alpha-Tocotrienol, beta-Tocotrienol, gamma-Tocotrienol, delta-Tocotrienol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA, 2-Methyl-6-phytylquinol, 2,3-Dimethyl-5-phytylquinol, 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate, Plastoquinol-9, Futalosine, Dehypoxanthine futalosine, Cyclic dehypoxanthine futalosine, 1,4-Dihydroxy-6-naphthoate, Shikonin, 2-Polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol, 2-Polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol, 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate, 2-Methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinol, Geranyl-hydroxybenzoate, 3''-Hydroxy-geranylhydroquinone, Deoxyshikonin, Dihydroechinofuran, Dihydroshikonofuran, Demethylmenaquinol, 2-Methoxy-6-all-trans-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol, 6-Methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol, 2,3-Epoxymenaquinone, 6-Geranylgeranyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 6-Geranylgeranyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol, 3-[(1-Carboxyvinyl)oxy]benzoate, 6-Amino-6-deoxyfutalosine, Demethylphylloquinol, 3-Demethylubiquinol, 2-Carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
108	M00130_C01272	hsa00562	Inositol phosphate metabolism	Inositol phosphate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, myo-Inositol, D-Glucuronate, 3-Oxopropanoate, D-Tagaturonate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, 2,4,6/3,5-Pentahydroxycyclohexanone, Inositol 1-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, Phytic acid, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, myo-Inositol 4-phosphate, D-Bornesitol, L-Bornesitol, 1D-myo-Inositol 3-phosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,3-bisphosphate, D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 3D-3,5/4-Trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, Inositol 1,2,3,5,6-pentakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, scyllo-Inositol, 2-Deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid, 2-Deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate, 5-Deoxy-D-glucuronate, CDP-1L-myo-inositol, Bis(1L-myo-inositol)-3,1'-phosphate 1-phosphate, 1D-chiro-Inositol, 1-Keto-D-chiro-inositol, 3-Dehydro-scyllo-inosose, 5-Dehydro-L-gluconate
109	M00131_C00137	hsa00562	Inositol phosphate metabolism	Inositol phosphate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, myo-Inositol, D-Glucuronate, 3-Oxopropanoate, D-Tagaturonate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, 2,4,6/3,5-Pentahydroxycyclohexanone, Inositol 1-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, Phytic acid, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, myo-Inositol 4-phosphate, D-Bornesitol, L-Bornesitol, 1D-myo-Inositol 3-phosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,3-bisphosphate, D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 3D-3,5/4-Trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, Inositol 1,2,3,5,6-pentakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, scyllo-Inositol, 2-Deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid, 2-Deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate, 5-Deoxy-D-glucuronate, CDP-1L-myo-inositol, Bis(1L-myo-inositol)-3,1'-phosphate 1-phosphate, 1D-chiro-Inositol, 1-Keto-D-chiro-inositol, 3-Dehydro-scyllo-inosose, 5-Dehydro-L-gluconate
110	M00132_C01204	hsa00562	Inositol phosphate metabolism	Inositol phosphate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, myo-Inositol, D-Glucuronate, 3-Oxopropanoate, D-Tagaturonate, 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol, 2,4,6/3,5-Pentahydroxycyclohexanone, Inositol 1-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol, Phytic acid, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, myo-Inositol 4-phosphate, D-Bornesitol, L-Bornesitol, 1D-myo-Inositol 3-phosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,3-bisphosphate, D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 3D-3,5/4-Trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate, D-myo-Inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, Inositol 1,2,3,5,6-pentakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, scyllo-Inositol, 2-Deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid, 2-Deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate, 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate, 5-Deoxy-D-glucuronate, CDP-1L-myo-inositol, Bis(1L-myo-inositol)-3,1'-phosphate 1-phosphate, 1D-chiro-Inositol, 1-Keto-D-chiro-inositol, 3-Dehydro-scyllo-inosose, 5-Dehydro-L-gluconate
111	M00133_C00315	hsa00330	Arginine and proline metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Peptide, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, Pyruvate, L-Glutamate, Glyoxylate, L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Putrescine, L-Proline, Agmatine, Sarcosine, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, Creatine, Spermidine, 4-Aminobutanoate, Feruloyl-CoA, 5-Aminopentanoate, N-Carbamoylputrescine, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, Nitric oxide, 4-Aminobutyraldehyde, Guanidinoacetate, Spermine, D-Proline, Creatinine, Homocarnosine, 1,3-Diaminopropane, 4-Guanidinobutanoate, N-Carbamoylsarcosine, 5-Amino-2-oxopentanoic acid, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, Hydroxyproline, L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, Nopaline, Phosphocreatine, N-Methylhydantoin, 4-Guanidinobutanal, N-Acetylputrescine, 4-Acetamidobutanoate, 4-Guanidinobutanamide, Phosphoguanidinoacetate, L-Glutamyl 5-phosphate, N2-Succinyl-L-arginine, Norspermidine, N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine, 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylate, 5-Guanidino-2-oxopentanoate, (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, Octopine, L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate, trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, L-Arginine phosphate, (4R)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate, Feruloylputrescine, gamma-L-Glutamylputrescine, gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, 4-(L-gamma-Glutamylamino)butanoate, Carboxyspermidine, Carboxynorspermidine, p-Coumaroylputrescine, cis-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N1-(3-Aminopropyl)agmatine, N1-[(S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]agmatine
112	M00134_C00134	hsa00330	Arginine and proline metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Peptide, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, Pyruvate, L-Glutamate, Glyoxylate, L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Putrescine, L-Proline, Agmatine, Sarcosine, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, Creatine, Spermidine, 4-Aminobutanoate, Feruloyl-CoA, 5-Aminopentanoate, N-Carbamoylputrescine, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, Nitric oxide, 4-Aminobutyraldehyde, Guanidinoacetate, Spermine, D-Proline, Creatinine, Homocarnosine, 1,3-Diaminopropane, 4-Guanidinobutanoate, N-Carbamoylsarcosine, 5-Amino-2-oxopentanoic acid, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, Hydroxyproline, L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, Nopaline, Phosphocreatine, N-Methylhydantoin, 4-Guanidinobutanal, N-Acetylputrescine, 4-Acetamidobutanoate, 4-Guanidinobutanamide, Phosphoguanidinoacetate, L-Glutamyl 5-phosphate, N2-Succinyl-L-arginine, Norspermidine, N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine, 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylate, 5-Guanidino-2-oxopentanoate, (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, Octopine, L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate, trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, L-Arginine phosphate, (4R)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate, Feruloylputrescine, gamma-L-Glutamylputrescine, gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, 4-(L-gamma-Glutamylamino)butanoate, Carboxyspermidine, Carboxynorspermidine, p-Coumaroylputrescine, cis-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N1-(3-Aminopropyl)agmatine, N1-[(S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]agmatine
113	M00135_C00334	hsa00330	Arginine and proline metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Peptide, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, Pyruvate, L-Glutamate, Glyoxylate, L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, Urea, Putrescine, L-Proline, Agmatine, Sarcosine, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, Creatine, Spermidine, 4-Aminobutanoate, Feruloyl-CoA, 5-Aminopentanoate, N-Carbamoylputrescine, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, Nitric oxide, 4-Aminobutyraldehyde, Guanidinoacetate, Spermine, D-Proline, Creatinine, Homocarnosine, 1,3-Diaminopropane, 4-Guanidinobutanoate, N-Carbamoylsarcosine, 5-Amino-2-oxopentanoic acid, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, Hydroxyproline, L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, Nopaline, Phosphocreatine, N-Methylhydantoin, 4-Guanidinobutanal, N-Acetylputrescine, 4-Acetamidobutanoate, 4-Guanidinobutanamide, Phosphoguanidinoacetate, L-Glutamyl 5-phosphate, N2-Succinyl-L-arginine, Norspermidine, N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine, 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylate, 5-Guanidino-2-oxopentanoate, (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, Octopine, L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate, trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate, N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, L-Arginine phosphate, (4R)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate, Feruloylputrescine, gamma-L-Glutamylputrescine, gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, 4-(L-gamma-Glutamylamino)butanoate, Carboxyspermidine, Carboxynorspermidine, p-Coumaroylputrescine, cis-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, N1-(3-Aminopropyl)agmatine, N1-[(S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]agmatine
114	M00141_R00943	hsa00670	One carbon pool by folate	One carbon pool by folate - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins	NA	Tetrahydrofolate, 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate, 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate, Dihydrofolate, 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate, Folate, 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate, Folinic acid
115	M00338_C00097	hsa01230	Biosynthesis of amino acids	Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	This map presents a modular architecture of the biosynthesis pathways of twenty amino acids, which may be viewed as consisting of the core part and its extensions. The core part is the KEGG module for conversion of three-carbon compounds from glyceraldehyde-3P to pyruvate [MD:M00002], together with the pathways around serine and glycine. This KEGG module is the most conserved one in the KEGG MODULE database and is found in almost all the completely sequenced genomes. The extensions are the pathways containing the reaction modules RM001, RM033, RM032, and RM002 for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (left) and basic amino acids (bottom), and the pathways for biosynthesis of histidine and aromatic amino acids (top right). It is interesting to note that the so-called essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in human and other organisms generally appear in these extensions. Furthermore, the bottom extension of basic amino acids appears to be most divergent containing multiple pathways for lysine biosynthesis and multiple gene sets for arginine biosynthesis.	NA
116	M00338_C00097	hsa00270	Cysteine and methionine metabolism	Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].	S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, Pyruvate, L-Alanine, L-Aspartate, Glutathione, Sulfate, L-Serine, L-Methionine, Sulfite, L-Cysteine, 2-Oxobutanoate, L-Homocysteine, 5'-Methylthioadenosine, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, L-Homoserine, Hydrogen sulfide, Methanethiol, L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde, L-Cystine, L-Cysteate, 3-Sulfino-L-alanine, D-Cysteine, Mercaptopyruvate, O-Acetyl-L-serine, O-Phospho-L-serine, O-Acetyl-L-homoserine, O-Phospho-L-homoserine, O-Succinyl-L-homoserine, S-Adenosylmethioninamine, 4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, L-Homocystine, Thiocysteine, Dehydroalanine, L-Cystathionine, (S)-2-Aminobutanoate, L-Methionine S-oxide, 4-Phospho-L-aspartate, 5-Methylthio-D-ribose, N-Formylmethionine, 3-Phosphonooxypyruvate, S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine, S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine, S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate, S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate, Nicotianamine, Aminoacyl-L-methionine, S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine, 3-Sulfinylpyruvate, 3-Sulfopyruvate, 3-Mercaptolactate, S-Sulfo-L-cysteine, Ethylene, 3-(Methylthio)propanoate, Sulfur dioxide, 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, HSO3-, (S)-3-Sulfolactate, (2R)-3-Sulfolactate, 1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one, 2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate, 2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate, N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone, 5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate, Ophthalmate, S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
117	M00367_C00353	hsa00900	Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis	Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides	Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large class of natural products consisting of isoprene (C5) units. There are two biosynthetic pathways, the mevalonate pathway [MD:M00095] and the non-mevalonate pathway or the MEP/DOXP pathway [MD:M00096], for the terpenoid building blocks: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The action of prenyltransferases then generates higher-order building blocks: geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farsenyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are the precursors of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20), respectively. Condensation of these building blocks gives rise to the precursors of sterols (C30) and carotenoids (C40). The MEP/DOXP pathway is absent in higher animals and fungi, but in green plants the MEP/DOXP and mevalonate pathways co-exist in separate cellular compartments. The MEP/DOXP pathway, operating in the plastids, is responsible for the formation of essential oil monoterpenes and linalyl acetate, some sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids and phytol. The mevalonate pathway, operating in the cytosol, gives rise to triterpenes, sterols, and most sesquiterpenes.	Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Isopentenyl diphosphate, Dimethylallyl diphosphate, Acetoacetyl-CoA, Geranyl diphosphate, Geranylgeranyl diphosphate, (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, (R)-Mevalonate, trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate, (R)-5-Phosphomevalonate, (2E,6E)-Farnesol, (R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate, all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate, cis-1,4-Polyisoprene, 2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal, all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate, all-trans-Octaprenyl diphosphate, all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate, Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine, di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate, Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester, Phytyl diphosphate, ditrans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate, Polyprenol, 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, 4-(Cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, 2-Phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate, 1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate, Isoprene, 2-cis,6-trans-Farnesyl diphosphate, all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate, trans,octacis-Decaprenyl diphosphate, Farnesylcysteine, 2-cis,6-cis-Farnesyl diphosphate, tritrans,heptacis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate, trans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate, S-Farnesyl protein, trans,trans-Farnesyl phosphate, Isopentenyl phosphate, (R)-Mevalonate 3-phosphate, (R)-Mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate, trans-Anhydromevalonate 5-phosphate
118	M00415_C20876	hsa01212	Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	NA	NA
119	M00415_C20876	hsa00062	Fatty acid elongation	Fatty acid elongation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Lipid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Acyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, Butanoyl-CoA, Palmitoyl-CoA, Fatty acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 3-Oxoacyl-CoA, 2,3-Dehydroacyl-CoA, Long-chain fatty acid, (3S)-3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA, trans-2,3-Dehydroacyl-CoA, Lauroyl-CoA, Octanoyl-CoA, Tetradecanoyl-CoA, Long-chain acyl-CoA, 2-trans-Dodecenoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA, (S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA, (S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA, 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA, Hexanoyl-CoA, trans-Hex-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA, Decanoyl-CoA, trans-Dec-2-enoyl-CoA, trans-Oct-2-enoyl-CoA, Very-long-chain acyl-CoA, Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA, Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, Very-long-chain trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA
120	M00549_C00029	hsa00520	sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism	Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	UDP-glucose, D-Glucose, UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine, UDP-alpha-D-galactose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Fructose, GDP-mannose, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-Mannose, UDP-glucuronate, D-Xylose, UDP-D-xylose, D-Glucuronate, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-Arabinose, L-Arabinose, alpha-D-Glucose, N-Acetylneuraminate, D-Mannose 6-phosphate, GDP-L-fucose, D-Glucosamine, D-Galacturonate, D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, GDP-glucose, alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate, Chitin, ADP-glucose, CDP-glucose, UDP-D-galacturonate, D-Mannose 1-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Pectin, Chitosan, UDP-L-arabinose, GDP-D-mannuronate, alpha-D-Galactose, Ferricytochrome b5, Ferrocytochrome b5, L-Fucose, UDP-N-acetylmuramate, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine, UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, UDP-apiose, Chitobiose, CDP-abequose, UDP-L-rhamnose, GDP-L-galactose, 1,4-beta-D-Xylan, Arabinan, N-Acetylmuramate, GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose, L-Fucose 1-phosphate, GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose, N-Glycoloyl-neuraminate, CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose, CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose, CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate, UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose, beta-L-Arabinose 1-phosphate, 1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate, UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate, CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose, N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate, UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxyglucose, UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose, UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine, D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate, D-Glucosaminide, alpha-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronate, N-Acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate, D-Galactosamine 6-phosphate, UDP-6-sulfoquinovose, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminuronic acid, GDP-L-gulose, UDP-L-Ara4N, UDP-L-Ara4FN, UDP-L-Ara4O, Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4FN, Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N, alpha-D-Arabinopyranose 1-phosphate, N-Acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate, GDP-D-arabinopyranose, CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose epimer, CDP-ascarylose, UDP-4-keto-rhamnose, N-Acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-L-arabinofuranose, UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate, UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannuronate, 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramate, UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hexos-4-ulose, UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine, UDP-2,4-bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-L-altropyranose, 2,4-Bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-L-altropyranose, Pseudaminic acid, CMP-pseudaminic acid, UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine, UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate, UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate, N,N'-Diacetyllegionaminate, CMP-N,N'-diacetyllegionaminate, 2,4-Diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-mannopyranose, GDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose, GDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose, 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate, N-Acetylmuramic acid alpha-1-phosphate, 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate 9-phosphate, CMP-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate, alpha-D-Galactosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-xylosamine
121	M00554_C00052	hsa00520	sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism	Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	UDP-glucose, D-Glucose, UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine, UDP-alpha-D-galactose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, D-Fructose, GDP-mannose, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-Mannose, UDP-glucuronate, D-Xylose, UDP-D-xylose, D-Glucuronate, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-Arabinose, L-Arabinose, alpha-D-Glucose, N-Acetylneuraminate, D-Mannose 6-phosphate, GDP-L-fucose, D-Glucosamine, D-Galacturonate, D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, GDP-glucose, alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate, Chitin, ADP-glucose, CDP-glucose, UDP-D-galacturonate, D-Mannose 1-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, Pectin, Chitosan, UDP-L-arabinose, GDP-D-mannuronate, alpha-D-Galactose, Ferricytochrome b5, Ferrocytochrome b5, L-Fucose, UDP-N-acetylmuramate, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine, UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, UDP-apiose, Chitobiose, CDP-abequose, UDP-L-rhamnose, GDP-L-galactose, 1,4-beta-D-Xylan, Arabinan, N-Acetylmuramate, GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose, L-Fucose 1-phosphate, GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose, N-Glycoloyl-neuraminate, CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose, CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose, CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate, UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose, beta-L-Arabinose 1-phosphate, 1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate, UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate, CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose, N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate, UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxyglucose, UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose, UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine, D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate, D-Glucosaminide, alpha-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronate, N-Acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate, D-Galactosamine 6-phosphate, UDP-6-sulfoquinovose, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminuronic acid, GDP-L-gulose, UDP-L-Ara4N, UDP-L-Ara4FN, UDP-L-Ara4O, Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4FN, Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N, alpha-D-Arabinopyranose 1-phosphate, N-Acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate, GDP-D-arabinopyranose, CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose epimer, CDP-ascarylose, UDP-4-keto-rhamnose, N-Acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-L-arabinofuranose, UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate, UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannuronate, 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramate, UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hexos-4-ulose, UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine, UDP-2,4-bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-L-altropyranose, 2,4-Bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-L-altropyranose, Pseudaminic acid, CMP-pseudaminic acid, UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine, UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate, UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate, N,N'-Diacetyllegionaminate, CMP-N,N'-diacetyllegionaminate, 2,4-Diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-mannopyranose, GDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose, GDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose, 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate, N-Acetylmuramic acid alpha-1-phosphate, 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate 9-phosphate, CMP-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate, alpha-D-Galactosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-xylosamine
122	M00554_C00052	hsa00052	metabolism	Galactose metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	UDP-glucose, D-Glucose, UDP-alpha-D-galactose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, Sucrose, D-Fructose, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Glycerol, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, D-Galactose, myo-Inositol, D-Mannose, Lactose, alpha-D-Glucose, alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate, Raffinose, D-Glyceraldehyde, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, D-Sorbitol, D-Tagatose, D-Galactonate, alpha-D-Galactose, D-Tagatose 6-phosphate, D-Galactose 6-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-galactonate, Stachyose, Galactitol, D-Galactosamine, D-Galactono-1,5-lactone, D-Galactono-1,4-lactone, UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose, D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate, Lactose 6'-phosphate, Melibiitol, Epimelibiose, 3-beta-D-Galactosyl-sn-glycerol, Melibiose, D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Glucose, Galactan, Galactitol 1-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate, D-Galactosamine 6-phosphate
123	M00632_C00103	hsa00052	metabolism	Galactose metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	UDP-glucose, D-Glucose, UDP-alpha-D-galactose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, Sucrose, D-Fructose, D-Glucose 1-phosphate, Glycerone phosphate, Glycerol, D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, D-Galactose, myo-Inositol, D-Mannose, Lactose, alpha-D-Glucose, alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate, Raffinose, D-Glyceraldehyde, alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate, D-Sorbitol, D-Tagatose, D-Galactonate, alpha-D-Galactose, D-Tagatose 6-phosphate, D-Galactose 6-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate, alpha-D-Galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-galactonate, Stachyose, Galactitol, D-Galactosamine, D-Galactono-1,5-lactone, D-Galactono-1,4-lactone, UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose, D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate, Lactose 6'-phosphate, Melibiitol, Epimelibiose, 3-beta-D-Galactosyl-sn-glycerol, Melibiose, D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Glucose, Galactan, Galactitol 1-phosphate, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate, D-Galactosamine 6-phosphate
124	M00741_C00091	hsa01200	Carbon metabolism	Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	NA	Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria.	NA
125	M00741_C00091	hsa00280	Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation	Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Thiamin diphosphate, Succinyl-CoA, Propanoyl-CoA, L-Leucine, 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, Acetoacetate, L-Valine, 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate, Acetoacetyl-CoA, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoate, (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, L-Isoleucine, 2-Methylpropanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate, (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Methylmalonate, 3-Methylbutanoyl-CoA, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA, L-3-Aminoisobutanoate, 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA, 2-Methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA, 2-Methylprop-2-enoyl-CoA, (2S,3S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA, Branched chain fatty acid, 3-Hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyrate, (S)-Methylmalonate semialdehyde, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine, 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine, 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP, [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine, (S)-2-Methylbutanoyl-CoA, 3-Hydroxyisovalerate
126	M00741_C00091	hsa00630	Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Oxygen, CO2, Ammonia, Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, L-Glutamate, 2-Oxoglutarate, Hydrogen peroxide, Acetate, Oxaloacetate, Glycine, Succinate, Glyoxylate, Formate, L-Glutamine, L-Serine, Succinyl-CoA, Propanoyl-CoA, Glycerone phosphate, Butanoyl-CoA, (S)-Malate, Citrate, Glycolate, Hydroxypyruvate, 3-Phospho-D-glycerate, Oxalate, D-Glycerate, Glycolaldehyde, Isocitrate, Oxalyl-CoA, Acetoacetyl-CoA, cis-Aconitate, meso-Tartaric acid, 2-Phospho-D-glycerate, (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Formyl-CoA, Crotonoyl-CoA, Pentanoyl-CoA, (R,R)-Tartaric acid, Dihydroxyfumarate, 2-Phosphoglycolate, 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, 2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate, D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Ethylene glycol, Mesaconate, 3-Ethylmalate, 3-Oxalomalate, 3-Propylmalate, Formyl phosphate, 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipate, 2-Hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate, trans-2,3-Epoxysuccinate, (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, L-threo-3-Methylaspartate, L-Malyl-CoA, L-erythro-3-Methylmalyl-CoA, 2-Methylfumaryl-CoA, N-Formylderivatives, (2S)-Ethylmalonyl-CoA, (2S)-Methylsuccinyl-CoA, (2R)-Ethylmalonyl-CoA, D-Ribulose 1-phosphate
127	M00741_C00091	hsa00640	Propanoate metabolism	Propanoate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)	Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism	NA	Acetyl-CoA, Oxaloacetate, Succinate, Thiamin diphosphate, Malonyl-CoA, Succinyl-CoA, beta-Alanine, Propanoyl-CoA, 2-Oxobutanoate, Glycerone phosphate, Propanoate, (S)-Lactate, 3-Oxopropanoate, (S)-Lactaldehyde, Propanal, Acrylic acid, Methylglyoxal, Propane-1,2-diol, (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Propynoate, Lactoyl-CoA, Propenoyl-CoA, 3-Hydroxypropanoate, (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA, Methylmalonate, 2-Methylcitrate, beta-Alanyl-CoA, Propanoyl phosphate, (Z)-But-2-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, (2S,3R)-3-Hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, Hydroxyacetone, 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA, Propane-1-ol, Propionyladenylate, 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-Oxopropionyl-CoA, (S)-Methylmalonate semialdehyde, Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine, Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphate, Enzyme N6-(S-propyldihydrolipoyl)lysine, 2-Methyl-trans-aconitate