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SPARQL Query Examples for Exocortex

A collection of practical, ready-to-use SPARQL queries for your Obsidian vault. Copy, paste, and adapt these examples to your needs!

Table of Contents

  1. Basic Queries
  2. Task Management
  3. Project Organization
  4. Relationships
  5. Time-Based Queries
  6. Aggregation Examples
  7. Graph Construction
  8. Advanced Patterns
  9. Advanced Features (v2)

Basic Queries

1. List All Assets

Get all notes in your vault:

SELECT ?asset ?label
WHERE {
  ?asset <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
}
LIMIT 100

Use Case: Quick overview of vault contents.

2. List All Entity Types

Find all unique entity classes in your vault:

SELECT DISTINCT ?class
WHERE {
  ?asset <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> ?class .
}

Result Example:

  • ems__Task
  • ems__Project
  • ems__Area

3. Count Assets by Type

Count how many assets of each type you have:

SELECT ?class (COUNT(?asset) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  ?asset <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> ?class .
}
GROUP BY ?class
ORDER BY DESC(?count)

Use Case: Vault statistics dashboard.

Task Management

4. All Active Tasks

List all non-archived tasks:

SELECT ?task ?label ?status
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  OPTIONAL { ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> ?status . }
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_archived> ?archived .
    FILTER(?archived = true || ?archived = "true" || ?archived = "archived")
  }
}
ORDER BY ?label

Use Case: Daily task review.

5. Tasks by Status

Get tasks grouped by their status:

SELECT ?status (COUNT(?task) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> ?status .
}
GROUP BY ?status
ORDER BY DESC(?count)

Use Case: Sprint progress tracking.

6. In-Progress Tasks

Show all tasks currently being worked on:

SELECT ?task ?label ?project
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> "in-progress" .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?project ?label

Use Case: Focus list for active work.

7. High-Effort Tasks

Find tasks with significant effort votes:

SELECT ?task ?label ?votes
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
  FILTER(?votes > 5)
}
ORDER BY DESC(?votes)

Use Case: Identify tasks requiring more time/resources.

8. Tasks Without Project

Find orphaned tasks not assigned to any project:

SELECT ?task ?label ?status
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  OPTIONAL { ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> ?status . }
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?label

Use Case: Cleanup and organization.

9. Tasks by Priority

List tasks sorted by priority:

SELECT ?task ?label ?priority
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  OPTIONAL { ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_priority> ?priority . }
}
ORDER BY ?priority ?label

Use Case: Priority-based task planning.

10. Recently Created Tasks

Find tasks created recently (assuming you have a creation date property):

SELECT ?task ?label ?created
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#created_at> ?created .
  FILTER(?created > "2025-01-01")
}
ORDER BY DESC(?created)
LIMIT 20

Use Case: Review recent additions.

Project Organization

11. All Projects with Task Count

List projects and count their tasks:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel (COUNT(?task) AS ?taskCount)
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  }
}
GROUP BY ?project ?projectLabel
ORDER BY DESC(?taskCount)

Use Case: Project workload overview.

12. Projects by Area

Group projects by their parent area:

SELECT ?area ?areaLabel ?project ?projectLabel
WHERE {
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Area" .
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?areaLabel .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> ?area .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
}
ORDER BY ?areaLabel ?projectLabel

Use Case: Hierarchical organization view.

13. Active Projects

Find projects with at least one in-progress task:

SELECT DISTINCT ?project ?projectLabel
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> "in-progress" .
}
ORDER BY ?projectLabel

Use Case: Focus on active projects.

14. Projects with No Tasks

Find empty projects that might need cleanup:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?projectLabel

Use Case: Cleanup stale projects.

15. Project Completion Rate

Calculate task completion percentage per project:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel
       (COUNT(?task) AS ?totalTasks)
       (SUM(IF(?status = "done", 1, 0)) AS ?doneTasks)
       (SUM(IF(?status = "done", 1, 0)) * 100 / COUNT(?task) AS ?completionRate)
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> ?status .
}
GROUP BY ?project ?projectLabel
HAVING (COUNT(?task) > 0)
ORDER BY DESC(?completionRate)

Use Case: Progress tracking dashboard.

Relationships

16. Task → Project → Area Hierarchy

Show full hierarchy for each task:

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?project ?projectLabel ?area ?areaLabel
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
    ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> ?area .
      ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?areaLabel .
    }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?areaLabel ?projectLabel ?taskLabel

Use Case: Full context view for tasks.

17. Related Assets

Find assets linked to a specific note (replace path):

SELECT ?related ?relatedLabel ?relationType
WHERE {
  <vault://path/to/your/note.md> ?relationType ?related .
  ?related <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?relatedLabel .
}

Use Case: Explore connections from a specific note.

18. Bidirectional Links

Find notes that link to each other:

SELECT ?note1 ?note1Label ?note2 ?note2Label
WHERE {
  ?note1 <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?note1Label .
  ?note2 <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?note2Label .
  ?note1 <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#links_to> ?note2 .
  ?note2 <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#links_to> ?note1 .
  FILTER(?note1 != ?note2)
}

Use Case: Find tightly coupled concepts.

Time-Based Queries

19. Tasks by Start Time

Find tasks scheduled for today (assuming time properties):

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?startTime
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_startTime> ?startTime .
  FILTER(regex(?startTime, "2025-01-09"))
}
ORDER BY ?startTime

Use Case: Daily schedule planning.

20. Tasks by Duration

Find long-running tasks (high effort time):

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?duration
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_duration_minutes> ?duration .
  FILTER(?duration > 120)
}
ORDER BY DESC(?duration)

Use Case: Identify time-intensive tasks.

20a. Calculate Duration from Timestamps

Calculate duration between start and end timestamps using dateDiffMinutes:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>

SELECT ?task ?label (exo:dateDiffMinutes(?start, ?end) AS ?durationMin) (exo:dateDiffHours(?start, ?end) AS ?durationHrs)
WHERE {
  ?task exo:Instance_class "ems__Task" .
  ?task exo:Asset_label ?label .
  ?task ems:Effort_startTimestamp ?start .
  ?task ems:Effort_endTimestamp ?end .
}
ORDER BY DESC(?durationMin)
LIMIT 10

Use Case: Calculate task durations from timestamps when Effort_duration_minutes is not stored.

20b. Average Sleep Duration per Week

Calculate average sleep time using custom date functions:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>

SELECT (SUM(?durationMin) AS ?totalMin) (COUNT(?durationMin) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  SELECT (exo:dateDiffMinutes(?start, ?end) AS ?durationMin)
  WHERE {
    ?task exo:Asset_prototype ?proto .
    ?task ems:Effort_startTimestamp ?start .
    ?task ems:Effort_endTimestamp ?end .
    FILTER(CONTAINS(STR(?proto), "sleep-prototype-uuid"))
    FILTER(CONTAINS(?start, "Nov 25 2025"))  # Filter by date
  }
}

Use Case: Calculate average duration for repeated activities (sleep, exercise, etc.). Divide totalMin by count for the average.

Aggregation Examples

21. Total Effort by Project

Sum effort votes per project:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel (SUM(?votes) AS ?totalVotes)
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
}
GROUP BY ?project ?projectLabel
ORDER BY DESC(?totalVotes)

Use Case: Resource allocation planning.

22. Average Task Votes by Status

Calculate average effort per status:

SELECT ?status (AVG(?votes) AS ?avgVotes) (COUNT(?task) AS ?taskCount)
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> ?status .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
}
GROUP BY ?status
ORDER BY DESC(?avgVotes)

Use Case: Effort estimation insights.

23. Tasks per Area

Count tasks across all areas (including nested projects):

SELECT ?area ?areaLabel (COUNT(?task) AS ?taskCount)
WHERE {
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Area" .
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?areaLabel .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> ?area .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
}
GROUP BY ?area ?areaLabel
ORDER BY DESC(?taskCount)

Use Case: Workload distribution across areas.

Graph Construction

24. Extract Task-Project Relationships

Build a graph of task→project relationships:

CONSTRUCT {
  ?task <http://example.org/in_project> ?project .
  ?task <http://example.org/has_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?project <http://example.org/has_label> ?projectLabel .
}
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
}

Use Case: Export relationships for visualization tools.

25. Inferred Area Membership

Create direct task→area relationships (bypassing projects):

CONSTRUCT {
  ?task <http://example.org/belongs_to_area> ?area .
}
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> ?area .
}

Use Case: Simplify hierarchical queries.

26. Priority Classification

Add inferred priority classes based on votes:

CONSTRUCT {
  ?task <http://example.org/priority_class> ?priorityClass .
}
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
  BIND(
    IF(?votes > 10, "critical",
      IF(?votes > 5, "high",
        IF(?votes > 2, "medium", "low")
      )
    ) AS ?priorityClass
  )
}

Use Case: Automatic prioritization.

RDF/RDFS Standard Queries

27. Query Assets by Type (Using rdf:type)

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?task ?label
WHERE {
  ?task rdf:type ems:Task .
  ?task exo:Asset_label ?label .
}

Use Case: Find all tasks using standard RDF vocabulary instead of ExoRDF-specific predicates.

Performance: O(n) - Same as exo__Instance_class queries

28. Query All Asset Subtypes (Using rdfs:subClassOf*)

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?asset ?type ?label
WHERE {
  ?asset rdf:type ?type .
  ?type rdfs:subClassOf* exo:Asset .
  ?asset exo:Asset_label ?label .
}
LIMIT 100

Use Case: Find ALL assets (tasks, projects, areas) regardless of specific type, using transitive subclass inference.

Performance: O(n×m) where m is class hierarchy depth. Use LIMIT to avoid large result sets.

29. Query Class Hierarchy (Using rdfs:subClassOf)

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?class ?superClass
WHERE {
  ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?superClass .
}

Use Case: Explore the Exocortex class hierarchy to understand asset type relationships.

Result Example:

ems:Task        rdfs:subClassOf exo:Asset
ems:Project     rdfs:subClassOf exo:Asset
ems:Area        rdfs:subClassOf exo:Asset
exo:Asset       rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource

30. Query by Ontology (Using rdfs:isDefinedBy)

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?asset ?label
WHERE {
  ?asset rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems/> .
  ?asset exo:Asset_label ?label .
}

Use Case: Find all assets defined by a specific ontology (EMS, IMS, etc.).

31. Count Assets by Type Hierarchy

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?type (COUNT(?asset) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  ?asset rdf:type ?type .
  ?type rdfs:subClassOf* exo:Asset .
}
GROUP BY ?type
ORDER BY DESC(?count)

Use Case: Statistics on asset distribution across types.

Performance: O(n) with grouping overhead.

32. Find All Superclasses of a Type

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>

SELECT ?superClass
WHERE {
  ems:Task rdfs:subClassOf+ ?superClass .
}

Use Case: Discover class hierarchy for a specific type.

Result Example:

exo:Asset
rdfs:Resource

33. Query with Multiple RDF/RDFS Predicates

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?task ?label ?ontology
WHERE {
  ?task rdf:type ems:Task .
  ?task rdfs:label ?label .
  ?task rdfs:isDefinedBy ?ontology .
}
LIMIT 50

Use Case: Combine multiple standard RDF/RDFS properties in one query.

34. Transitive Property Queries

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?property ?superProperty
WHERE {
  ?property rdfs:subPropertyOf+ rdfs:label .
}

Use Case: Find all properties that are subproperties of rdfs:label (transitively).

35. Combined ExoRDF and RDF/RDFS Query

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?task ?label ?status
WHERE {
  # Use RDF/RDFS for type
  ?task rdf:type ems:Task .

  # Use ExoRDF for specific properties
  ?task exo:Asset_label ?label .
  ?task ems:Task_status ?status .

  FILTER(?status = "in-progress")
}

Use Case: Mix standard RDF/RDFS predicates with domain-specific ExoRDF predicates.

Best Practice: Use RDF/RDFS for interoperability, ExoRDF for performance-critical queries.

36. Validate Class Membership

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>
PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

ASK {
  ?task rdf:type ems:Task .
  ems:Task rdfs:subClassOf exo:Asset .
}

Use Case: Validate that tasks are properly classified as assets via class hierarchy.

Result: true or false

Advanced Patterns

37. Tasks with Multiple Projects (Data Quality Check)

Find tasks incorrectly assigned to multiple projects:

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel (COUNT(?project) AS ?projectCount)
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
}
GROUP BY ?task ?taskLabel
HAVING (COUNT(?project) > 1)

Use Case: Data validation and cleanup.

28. Transitive Relationships

Find all descendants of an area (projects + tasks):

SELECT ?descendant ?descendantLabel ?type
WHERE {
  {
    <vault://Areas/My-Area.md> ^<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> ?descendant .
    ?descendant <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?descendantLabel .
    BIND("project" AS ?type)
  } UNION {
    <vault://Areas/My-Area.md> ^<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> / ^<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?descendant .
    ?descendant <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?descendantLabel .
    BIND("task" AS ?type)
  }
}

Use Case: Complete area breakdown.

29. Full-Text Search (Label Matching)

Search for assets by label content:

SELECT ?asset ?label
WHERE {
  ?asset <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  FILTER(regex(?label, "machine learning", "i"))
}
LIMIT 50

Use Case: Quick search across vault.

30. Combined Filters

Complex multi-condition query:

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?status ?votes ?project
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_status> ?status .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .

  FILTER(?status = "in-progress" || ?status = "backlog")
  FILTER(?votes > 3)
  FILTER(regex(?taskLabel, "urgent|important", "i"))
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_archived> ?archived .
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?votes) ?taskLabel
LIMIT 20

Use Case: Highly specific task filtering.

Advanced Features (v2)

The following features were added in SPARQL Engine v2 for more powerful queries.

BIND Expressions

BIND creates computed values in your query.

38. Simple BIND

Create a formatted label:

SELECT ?task ?label ?displayLabel
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  BIND(CONCAT("Task: ", ?label) AS ?displayLabel)
}

Use Case: Format labels for display.

39. Conditional BIND

Classify tasks by effort votes:

SELECT ?task ?label ?votes ?priority
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
  BIND(
    IF(?votes > 10, "critical",
      IF(?votes > 5, "high",
        IF(?votes > 2, "medium", "low")
      )
    ) AS ?priority
  )
}
ORDER BY DESC(?votes)

Use Case: Auto-classify tasks by urgency.

40. BIND with String Functions

Extract parts of URIs:

SELECT ?task ?label ?folder
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  BIND(REPLACE(STR(?task), "^.*/([^/]+)/[^/]+$", "$1") AS ?folder)
}

Use Case: Group assets by folder.

EXISTS and NOT EXISTS

Test for the presence or absence of patterns.

41. Find Blocked Tasks (EXISTS)

Tasks that have blockers:

SELECT ?task ?label
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  FILTER EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_blockedBy> ?blocker .
  }
}

Use Case: Identify tasks waiting on dependencies.

42. Find Independent Tasks (NOT EXISTS)

Tasks with no blockers:

SELECT ?task ?label
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Task_blockedBy> ?blocker .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?label

Use Case: Find tasks ready to start.

43. EXISTS with Conditions

Find projects that have at least one high-priority task:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  FILTER EXISTS {
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
    ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
    FILTER(?votes > 5)
  }
}

Use Case: Prioritize projects with urgent tasks.

Property Paths

Navigate relationships with path expressions.

44. Transitive Closure (+)

Find all ancestors of a task (one or more levels):

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?ancestor ?ancestorLabel
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project>+ ?ancestor .
  ?ancestor <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?ancestorLabel .
}

Use Case: Full hierarchy traversal.

45. Optional Path (*)

Find all ancestors including zero levels (self):

SELECT ?project ?related
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area>* ?related .
}

Use Case: Include node itself in results.

46. Zero or One (?)

Find direct or no parent:

SELECT ?task ?parent
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project>? ?parent .
}

Use Case: Optional single-step relationships.

47. Alternative Paths (|)

Match tasks or projects:

SELECT ?asset ?label
WHERE {
  ?asset (<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project>|<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area>) ?parent .
  ?asset <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?label .
}

Use Case: Match multiple relationship types.

48. Sequence Path (/)

Find task's area via project (two-hop traversal):

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?area ?areaLabel
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project>/<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area> ?area .
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?areaLabel .
}

Use Case: Multi-hop relationship navigation.

49. Inverse Path (^)

Find all tasks belonging to a project (reverse direction):

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel ?task ?taskLabel
WHERE {
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  ?project ^<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?task .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
}

Use Case: Reverse relationship traversal.

50. Combined Property Path

Find all descendants of an area (projects and tasks):

SELECT ?area ?areaLabel ?descendant ?descendantLabel
WHERE {
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Area" .
  ?area <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?areaLabel .
  ?area (^<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_area>/^<https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project>?)+ ?descendant .
  ?descendant <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?descendantLabel .
}

Use Case: Complete area breakdown.

Subqueries

Use queries within queries for complex analysis.

51. Simple Subquery

Find projects with task counts above average:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel ?taskCount
WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?project (COUNT(?task) AS ?taskCount)
    WHERE {
      ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Project" .
      ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
    }
    GROUP BY ?project
  }
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  FILTER(?taskCount > 5)
}
ORDER BY DESC(?taskCount)

Use Case: Filter by aggregated values.

52. Top-N per Group

Find the 3 highest-voted tasks per project:

SELECT ?project ?projectLabel ?task ?taskLabel ?votes ?rank
WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?project ?task ?votes (COUNT(?t2) + 1 AS ?rank)
    WHERE {
      ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
      ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
      OPTIONAL {
        ?t2 <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
        ?t2 <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?v2 .
        FILTER(?v2 > ?votes)
      }
    }
    GROUP BY ?project ?task ?votes
    HAVING (COUNT(?t2) + 1 <= 3)
  }
  ?project <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?projectLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
}
ORDER BY ?projectLabel ?rank

Use Case: Dashboard showing top priorities per project.

53. Correlated Subquery

Find tasks with above-average votes for their project:

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?votes ?projectAvg
WHERE {
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Instance_class> "ems__Task" .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> ?taskLabel .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?votes .
  ?task <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
  {
    SELECT ?project (AVG(?v) AS ?projectAvg)
    WHERE {
      ?t <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#belongs_to_project> ?project .
      ?t <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#Effort_votes> ?v .
    }
    GROUP BY ?project
  }
  FILTER(?votes > ?projectAvg)
}
ORDER BY DESC(?votes)

Use Case: Find outliers within their context.

Custom Extension Functions

Exocortex provides custom SPARQL functions beyond the standard specification.

54. Direct UUID Resolution (exo:byUUID)

Look up an entity directly by its UUID without scanning:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?asset ?label
WHERE {
  BIND(exo:byUUID("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000") AS ?asset)
  ?asset exo:Asset_label ?label .
}

Use Case: O(1) lookup when you know the UUID. ~100x faster than FILTER(CONTAINS(...)).

55. UUID Lookup with Property Retrieval

Get all properties of a specific note:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>

SELECT ?label ?status ?votes ?createdAt
WHERE {
  BIND(exo:byUUID("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000") AS ?task)
  ?task exo:Asset_label ?label .
  OPTIONAL { ?task ems:Effort_status ?status }
  OPTIONAL { ?task ems:Effort_votes ?votes }
  OPTIONAL { ?task exo:Asset_createdAt ?createdAt }
}

Use Case: Fetch complete entity details when UUID is known.

56. UUID with Variable (Dynamic Resolution)

Use a variable containing a UUID string:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?asset ?label
WHERE {
  BIND("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000" AS ?uuid)
  BIND(exo:byUUID(?uuid) AS ?asset)
  ?asset exo:Asset_label ?label .
}

Use Case: Pass UUID from external source (e.g., API integration).

57. Find Related Entities via UUID

Look up a task and find its parent project:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>
PREFIX ems: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/ems#>

SELECT ?task ?taskLabel ?project ?projectLabel
WHERE {
  BIND(exo:byUUID("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000") AS ?task)
  ?task exo:Asset_label ?taskLabel .
  ?task ems:belongs_to_project ?project .
  ?project exo:Asset_label ?projectLabel .
}

Use Case: Navigate relationships starting from known UUID.

58. Batch UUID Resolution

Look up multiple entities by UUID in a single query:

PREFIX exo: <https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#>

SELECT ?entity ?label
WHERE {
  VALUES ?uuid {
    "uuid-1"
    "uuid-2"
    "uuid-3"
  }
  BIND(exo:byUUID(?uuid) AS ?entity)
  FILTER(BOUND(?entity))
  ?entity exo:Asset_label ?label .
}

Use Case: Resolve multiple UUIDs efficiently in one query.

Tips for Using These Examples

Adapting URIs

Replace URIs with your actual property names:

<https://exocortex.my/ontology/exo#Asset_label> → Your property URI
"ems__Task" → Your class name

Using LIMIT

Add LIMIT to large queries:

SELECT ?s ?p ?o
WHERE {
  ?s ?p ?o .
}
LIMIT 100

Performance

  • Start with specific patterns (e.g., filter by class first)
  • Use OPTIONAL sparingly
  • Avoid FILTER NOT EXISTS on large datasets

Testing

Test queries in stages:

  1. Get basic pattern working
  2. Add filters one by one
  3. Add aggregations last

Next Steps

Resources

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