Build new notebook container images by snapshotting an interactively created prototype notebook

[jiridanek]

We're trying to explore multiple possibilities for user-friendly notebook container building. One approach proposed at 2024-08-15 meeting is to let users snapshot the filesystem of their running notebook pods, upload the result into container registry as a new image, and then many new notebook instances can be created from this image.

My preferred implementation idea follows what Kaniko does (https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/kaniko/blob/main/docs/designdoc.md). The main difference is that we can (should) use multiple containers in the pod, as we don't need to run any additional commands in the container that's being snapshotted.

1. create an ephemeral debug container using our snapshotter's image next to the user's container, in the same pod
2. create another ephemeral debug container using the same base image as the user's container uses, override entrypoint so that nothing actually runs
3. in the snapshotter, access the filesystems of the other containers through /proc/$PID/root, compute diff between the base image and user's image filesystems using the naive approach described in kaniko design doc, build a tar layer from the changed files, and either upload that directly, or combine it with the original base image to form a new ready-to-be-deployed image.

Skip the same directories that kaniko skips (/proc, ..., also skip any volume mounts).

Kubernetes itself is capable of "checkpointing" of running containers. https://kubernetes.io/blog/2022/12/05/forensic-container-checkpointing-alpha/ this is also an avenue to explore, but it seems to require being a privileged user to perform this operation.

[jiridanek]

/label kind/enhancement project/notebooks-v2
/assign jiridanek

[jiridanek]

/label kind/enhancement project/notebooks-v2

[jiridanek]

/label kind/enhancement

[google-oss-prow]

@jiridanek: The label(s) /label kind/enhancement cannot be applied. These labels are supported: tide/merge-method-merge, tide/merge-method-rebase, tide/merge-method-squash, lifecycle/needs-triage. Is this label configured under labels -> additional_labels or labels -> restricted_labels in plugin.yaml?

In response to this:

/label kind/enhancement

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[thesuperzapper]

There are a couple of problems with your proposed approach (but they might be acceptable):

1. It requires the credentials to push to the registry to be accessible to the user
2. Ephemeral containers are permanent, and will continue running for the lifetime of the notebook pod (I know, I know, it's ironic given the name)
3. Kaniko has some image compatibility problems, so I wonder if buildah mount is better.

[jiridanek]

Ephemeral containers are permanent, and will continue running for the lifetime of the notebook pod (I know, I know, it's ironic given the name)

They will stick around, but they need not continue running. They can be in Terminated state if a way is found to terminate them after the work is done, at which point they only takes up screenspace in kubectl describe but should not have any other impact, at least I hope so.

[thesuperzapper]

Also interestingly, Kubernetes 1.31 added a new volume type for OCI images, which might help us do this more efficiently:

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/image-volumes/

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