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| 1 | +## AWS ↔ GCP region pairing and mapping |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +This document contains the GCP regions that we serve image registries from including future regions. |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +At a high level: |
| 6 | + - A global GCP loadbalancer routes traffic to the closest Cloud Run service |
| 7 | + - Image Manifests are fetched from GCP |
| 8 | + - Traffic originating from GCP fetches image blobs from GCP Artifact Registry |
| 9 | + - Traffic originating from AWS fetches image blobs from S3 Buckets |
| 10 | + - Traffic originating from outside of GCP and AWS is fetched from S3 buckets |
| 11 | + - If a GCP region doesn't have an paired AWS region, the user fetches image blobs from AWS Cloudfront CDN. |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +| Metro / Country | AWS region | GCP region | Is the GCP region deployed? | Blobs served from GCP to non cloud users? | Active GCP Image Registry | Active S3 Bucket | Nearest Blob Location |
| 14 | +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |
| 15 | +| South Africa | `af-south-1` | `africa-south1` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | Same Region | |
| 16 | +| Taiwan | `ap-east-2` | `asia-east1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 17 | +| Hong Kong (SAR) | `ap-east-1` | `asia-east2` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | Same Region | |
| 18 | +| Tokyo, Japan | `ap-northeast-1` | `asia-northeast1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 19 | +| Osaka, Japan | `ap-northeast-3` | `asia-northeast2` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 20 | +| Seoul, South Korea | `ap-northeast-2` | `asia-northeast3` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 21 | +| Mumbai, India | `ap-south-1` | `asia-south1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 22 | +| Hydrebad, India | — | `asia-south2` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 23 | +| Singapore | `ap-southeast-1` | `asia-southeast1` | 🔴 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 24 | +| Jakarta, Indonesia | `ap-southeast-3` | `asia-southeast2` | 🔴 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 25 | +| Sydney, Australia | `ap-southeast-2` | `australia-southeast1`| 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 26 | +| Melbourne, Australia | `ap-southeast-4` | `australia-southeast2` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 27 | +| Warsaw, Poland | — | `europe-central2` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 28 | +| Hamina, Finland | — | `europe-north1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 29 | +| Stockholm, Sweden | `eu-north-1` | `europe-north2` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 30 | +| Madrid, Spain | `eu-south-2` | `europe-southwest1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 31 | +| St. Ghislain, Belgium | — | `europe-west1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | — | Europe | |
| 32 | +| London, UK | `eu-west-2` | `europe-west2` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 33 | +| Frankfurt, Germany | `eu-central-1` | `europe-west3` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 34 | +| Eemshaven, Netherlands | — | `europe-west4` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Europe | |
| 35 | +| Zürich, Switzerland | `eu-central-2` | `europe-west6` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 36 | +| Milan, Italy | `eu-south-1` | `europe-west8` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 37 | +| Paris, France | `eu-south-2` | `europe-west9` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 38 | +| Berlin, Germany | — | `europe-west10` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Country | |
| 39 | +| Turin, Italy | — | `europe-west12` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 40 | +| Doha, Qatar | — | `me-central1` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 41 | +| Dammam, Saudi Arabia | — | `me-central2` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 42 | +| Tel Aviv, Israel | `il-central-1` | `me-west1` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Europe | |
| 43 | +| Montréal, Canada | `ca-central-1` | `northamerica-northeast1` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 44 | +| Toronto, Canada | — | `northamerica-northeast2` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 45 | +| Querétaro, Mexico | `mx-central-1` | `northamerica-south1` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 46 | +| São Paulo, Brazil | `sa-east-1` | `southamerica-east1` | 🔴 | No | No | Yes | Same Region | |
| 47 | +| Santiago, Chile | — | `southamerica-west1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | No | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 48 | +| Council Bluffs (Iowa), USA | — | `us-central1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | `us-east-2` | |
| 49 | +| Moncks Corner (South Carolina), USA | — | `us-east1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | — | `us-east-1` | |
| 50 | +| Ashburn (N. Virginia), USA | `us-east-1` | `us-east4` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 51 | +| Columbus (Ohio), USA | `us-east-2` | `us-east5` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 52 | +| Dallas (Texas), USA | — | `us-south1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | — | `us-east-2` | |
| 53 | +| The Dalles (Oregon), USA | `us-west-2` | `us-west1` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 54 | +| California, USA | `us-west-1` | `us-west2` | 🟢 | No | Yes | Yes | Same Region | |
| 55 | +| Salt Lake City (Utah), USA | — | `us-west3` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 56 | +| Las Vegas (Nevada), USA | — | `us-west4` | 🔴 | No | No | — | AWS Cloudfront | |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +Priority Regions: |
| 60 | +- P1 |
| 61 | + - `af-south-1`. 1st region in Africa |
| 62 | + - `me-central1`. 1st region in the Middle East |
| 63 | + - `asia-east2`. A paired region that will also serve AWS China traffic. |
| 64 | + - `northamerica-northeast1`. First paired region in Canada |
| 65 | +- P2 |
| 66 | + - `europe-north2`. A paired region |
| 67 | + - `northamerica-south1` A paired region |
| 68 | + - `asia-southeast1`. A paired region |
| 69 | +- Backlog |
| 70 | + - Remaining US regions |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +Regions we should replace given promoter capacity: |
| 73 | + - `asia-northeast2`, another region of the same country is already active |
| 74 | + - `europe-west10`, another region of the same country is already active |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +As of 13th of December 2025, all the AWS regions that publicly available have been populated and configured in archeio. |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +``` |
| 79 | +# aws ec2 describe-regions --all-regions --query "Regions[].RegionName" --output json | jq .[] | awk '{print $0","}' | sort --version-sort |
| 80 | +"af-south-1", |
| 81 | +"ap-east-1", |
| 82 | +"ap-east-2", |
| 83 | +"ap-northeast-1", |
| 84 | +"ap-northeast-2", |
| 85 | +"ap-northeast-3", |
| 86 | +"ap-southeast-1", |
| 87 | +"ap-southeast-2", |
| 88 | +"ap-southeast-3", |
| 89 | +"ap-southeast-4", |
| 90 | +"ap-southeast-5", |
| 91 | +"ap-southeast-6", |
| 92 | +"ap-southeast-7", |
| 93 | +"ap-south-1", |
| 94 | +"ap-south-2", |
| 95 | +"ca-central-1", |
| 96 | +"ca-west-1", |
| 97 | +"eu-central-1", |
| 98 | +"eu-central-2", |
| 99 | +"eu-north-1", |
| 100 | +"eu-south-1", |
| 101 | +"eu-south-2", |
| 102 | +"eu-west-1", |
| 103 | +"eu-west-2", |
| 104 | +"eu-west-3", |
| 105 | +"il-central-1", |
| 106 | +"me-central-1", |
| 107 | +"me-south-1", |
| 108 | +"mx-central-1", |
| 109 | +"sa-east-1", |
| 110 | +"us-east-1", |
| 111 | +"us-east-2", |
| 112 | +"us-west-1", |
| 113 | +"us-west-2", |
| 114 | +``` |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +Helpful Guides: |
| 117 | +- https://cloudregionsmap.z6.web.core.windows.net/ |
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