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Fixes some references.
Closes #264
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draft-ietf-lamps-pq-composite-kem.md

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RFC8017:
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#RFC8174: -- does not need to be explicit; added by bcp14 boilerplateu
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RFC8410:
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RFC8411:
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RFC9629:
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X.690:
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title: "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding Rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)"
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informative:
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RFC2986:
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RFC4210:
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RFC4211:
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RFC5639:
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RFC5914:
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RFC5990:
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RFC8411:
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RFC9690:
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RFC9794:
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RFC9810:
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I-D.draft-ietf-lamps-kyber-certificates-11:
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I-D.draft-sfluhrer-cfrg-ml-kem-security-considerations-04:
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TestVectors:
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- name: Bertram Poettering
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date: 2018
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target: https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/024
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Aviram22:
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title: "Practical (Post-Quantum) Key Combiners from One-Wayness and Applications to TLS"
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author:
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- name: Nimrod Aviram
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- name: Benjamin Dowling
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- name: Ilan Komargodski
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- name: Kenneth G. Paterson
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- name: Eyal Ronen
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- name: Eylon Yogev
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target: https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/065
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FIPS-140-3-IG:
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title: Implementation Guidance for FIPS 140-3 and the Cryptographic Module Validation Program
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target: https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/Projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/documents/fips%20140-3/FIPS%20140-3%20IG.pdf
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## Composite Design Philosophy
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Composite algorithms, as defined in this specification, follow the definition in [RFC9794] and should be regarded as a single algorithm that performs a single cryptographic operation typical of a key establishment mechanism.This generally means that the complexity of combining algorithms can and should be handled by the cryptographic library or cryptographic module. The design intent is that protocols such as PKCS#10 [RFC2986], CMP [RFC4210], X.509 [RFC5280], the CMS [RFC5652], and the Trust Anchor Format [RFC5914] can treat composite algorithms as they would any other algorithm without the protocol layer to have any "hybrid-awareness". This is a property referred to as "protocol backwards-compatibility".
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Composite algorithms, as defined in this specification, follow the definition in [RFC9794] and should be regarded as a single algorithm that performs a single cryptographic operation typical of a key establishment mechanism.This generally means that the complexity of combining algorithms can and should be handled by the cryptographic library or cryptographic module. The design intent is that protocols such as PKCS#10 [RFC2986], CMP [RFC9810], X.509 [RFC5280], the CMS [RFC5652], and the Trust Anchor Format [RFC5914] can treat composite algorithms as they would any other algorithm without the protocol layer to have any "hybrid-awareness". This is a property referred to as "protocol backwards-compatibility".
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Discussion of the specific choices of algorithm pairings can be found in {{sec-rationale}}.
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The encodings for the public key (`pkR`), private key (`skR`), and ciphertext (`enc`) are described in {{sec-serialization}}.
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A quick note on the choice of RSA-OAEP as the supported RSA encryption primitive. RSA-KEM [RFC5990] is cryptographically robust and is more straightforward to work with, but it has fairly limited adoption and therefore is of limited value as a PQ migration mechanism. Also, while RSA-PKCS#1v1.5 [RFC8017] is still widely used, it is hard to make secure and no longer FIPS-approved as of the end of 2023 [SP800-131Ar2], so it is of limited forwards value. This leaves RSA-OAEP [RFC8017] as the remaining choice. See {{sec-rationale}} for further discussion of algorithm choices.
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A quick note on the choice of RSA-OAEP as the supported RSA encryption primitive. RSA-KEM [RFC9690] is cryptographically robust and is more straightforward to work with, but it has fairly limited adoption and therefore is of limited value as a PQ migration mechanism. Also, while RSA-PKCS#1v1.5 [RFC8017] is still widely used, it is hard to make secure and no longer FIPS-approved as of the end of 2023 [SP800-131Ar2], so it is of limited forwards value. This leaves RSA-OAEP [RFC8017] as the remaining choice. See {{sec-rationale}} for further discussion of algorithm choices.
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Note that, at least at the time of writing, the algorithm `RSAOAEPKEM` is not defined as a standalone algorithm within PKIX standards and it does not have an assigned algorithm OID, so it cannot be used directly with CMS KEMRecipientInfo [RFC9629]; it is merely a building block for the composite algorithm.
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The following sections provide processing logic and the necessary ASN.1 modules necessary to use composite ML-KEM within X.509 and PKIX protocols. Use within the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) will be covered in a separate specification.
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While composite ML-KEM keys and ciphertext values MAY be used raw, the following sections provide conventions for using them within X.509 and other PKIX protocols such that Composite ML-KEM can be used as a drop-in replacement for KEM algorithms in PKCS#10 [RFC2986], CMP [RFC4210], X.509 [RFC5280], and related protocols.
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While composite ML-KEM keys and ciphertext values MAY be used raw, the following sections provide conventions for using them within X.509 and other PKIX protocols such that Composite ML-KEM can be used as a drop-in replacement for KEM algorithms in PKCS#10 [RFC2986], CMP [RFC9810], X.509 [RFC5280], and related protocols.
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## Encoding to DER {#sec-encoding-to-der}
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The full set of key types defined by this specification can be found in the ASN.1 Module in {{sec-asn1-module}}.
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Use cases that require an interoperable encoding for composite private keys will often need to place a composite private key inside a `OneAsymmetricKey` structure defined in [RFC5958], such as when private keys are carried in PKCS #12 [RFC7292], CMP [RFC4210] or CRMF [RFC4211]. The definition of `OneAsymmetricKey` is copied here for convenience:
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Use cases that require an interoperable encoding for composite private keys will often need to place a composite private key inside a `OneAsymmetricKey` structure defined in [RFC5958], such as when private keys are carried in PKCS #12 [RFC7292], CMP [RFC9810] or CRMF [RFC4211]. The definition of `OneAsymmetricKey` is copied here for convenience:
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~~~ ASN.1
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OneAsymmetricKey ::= SEQUENCE {

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