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Merge pull request #4580 from lbl-srg/issue4579_release_13_0_0_userGuide
Updated user guide for v13.0.0
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Buildings/Resources/Documentation/userGuide/build/html/_sources/bestPractice.rst.txt

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@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ Building large system models
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When creating a large system model, it is typically easier to build the system model
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through the composition of subsystem models that can be tested in isolation. For example,
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the package
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`Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.Examples <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Examples_ChillerPlant_BaseClasses_Controls_Examples.html#Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.Examples>`_
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`Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.Examples <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Examples_ChillerPlant_BaseClasses_Controls_Examples.html#Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.Examples>`_
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contains small test models that are used to test individual components in the large system model
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`Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Examples_ChillerPlant.html#Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant>`_.
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`Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Examples_ChillerPlant.html#Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant>`_.
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Creating small test models typically saves time as the proper response of controls, and the proper operation of subsystems, can be tested in isolation of complex system-interactions that are often present in large models.
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@@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ a fluid port represents the physical phenomena that was intended to model.
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However, in more complex flow configurations, one may want to explicitly control what branches of a piping or duct network mix.
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This may be achieved by using an instance of the model
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`Junction <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_FixedResistances.html#Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.Junction>`_
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`Junction <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_FixedResistances.html#Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.Junction>`_
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as shown in the left figure below, which is derived from the test model
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`BoilerPolynomialClosedLoop <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Boilers_Examples.html#Buildings.Fluid.Boilers.Examples.BoilerPolynomialClosedLoop>`_
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`BoilerPolynomialClosedLoop <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Boilers_Examples.html#Buildings.Fluid.Boilers.Examples.BoilerPolynomialClosedLoop>`_
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.. _fig_flu_cor_wro:
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@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ as shown in the left figure below, which is derived from the test model
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In :numref:`fig_flu_cor_wro` (a), the mixing points have been correctly defined by
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use of the model
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`Junction <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_FixedResistances.html#Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.Junction>`_.
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`Junction <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_FixedResistances.html#Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.Junction>`_.
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However, in :numref:`fig_flu_cor_wro` (b), all connections are made to the port of the instance ``spl2``.
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This results in the same configuration as is shown in :numref:`fig_flu_cor_wro` (c).
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This is certainly not the intention of the modeler, as this causes all flows to be mixed in the port.
@@ -301,13 +301,13 @@ Use of sensors in fluid flow systems
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When selecting a sensor model, a distinction needs to be made whether the measured quantity depends on
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the direction of the flow or not. If the quantity depends on the flow direction,
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such as temperature or relative humidity, then sensors with two ports from the
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sensors <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sensors>`_
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sensors <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sensors>`_
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library should be used. These sensors have a more efficient implementation than sensors with
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one port for situations where the flow reverses its direction.
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The proper use sensors is described in the
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`User's Guide <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_UsersGuide.html>`_
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`User's Guide <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_UsersGuide.html>`_
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of the
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sensors <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sensors>`_
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sensors <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sensors>`_
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package.
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@@ -319,9 +319,9 @@ Reference pressure for incompressible fluids such as water
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This section explains how to set a reference pressure for fluids that model
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the flow as :term:`incompressible flow`,
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such as
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`Buildings.Media.Water <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Media_Water.html#Buildings.Media.Water>`_
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`Buildings.Media.Water <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Media_Water.html#Buildings.Media.Water>`_
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and
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`Buildings.Media.Antifreeze.PropyleneGlycolWater <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Media_Antifreeze_PropyleneGlycolWater.html#Buildings.Media.Antifreeze.PropyleneGlycolWater>`_.
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`Buildings.Media.Antifreeze.PropyleneGlycolWater <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Media_Antifreeze_PropyleneGlycolWater.html#Buildings.Media.Antifreeze.PropyleneGlycolWater>`_.
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Consider the flow circuit shown in :numref:`fig_flow_cir` that consists of a pump or fan,
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a flow resistance and a volume.
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The number of scalar Real equation elements are 58.
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Similarly, if the medium model
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`Buildings.Media.Specialized.Water.TemperatureDependentDensity <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Media_Specialized_Water_TemperatureDependentDensity.html#Buildings.Media.Specialized.Water.TemperatureDependentDensity>`_,
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`Buildings.Media.Specialized.Water.TemperatureDependentDensity <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Media_Specialized_Water_TemperatureDependentDensity.html#Buildings.Media.Specialized.Water.TemperatureDependentDensity>`_,
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which models density as a function of pressure and enthalpy, is used, then
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the model is well-defined, but the pressure increases the longer the pump runs.
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The reason is that the pump adds heat to the water. When the water temperature
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To avoid this singularity or increase in pressure,
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use a model that imposes a pressure source and that accounts for the expansion of the fluid.
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For example, use
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_
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to form the system model shown in :numref:`fig_flow_cir_wit_bou`.
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.. _fig_flow_cir_wit_bou:
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provides a reference presssure.
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Alternatively, you may use
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_,
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_,
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but
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_
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usually leads to simpler equations than
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_.
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_.
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Note that the medium that flows out of the fluid port of
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_
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is at a fixed temperature, while the model
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel <https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_
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conserves energy.
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However, since the thermal expansion of the fluid is usually small,
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this effect can be neglected in most building HVAC applications.
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In each water circuit, there must be exactly on instance of
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`Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT
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<https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_,
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<https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Sources.html#Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT>`_,
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or instance of
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`Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel
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<https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_.
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<https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_Storage.html#Buildings.Fluid.Storage.ExpansionVessel>`_.
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If there is more than one such device, then there are multiple
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points in the system that set the reference static pressure.
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To avoid this, the Modelica Buildings Library contains inequality blocks
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such as
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`Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Reals.GreaterThreshold
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<https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Controls_OBC_CDL_Reals.html#Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Reals.GreaterThreshold>`_
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<https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Controls_OBC_CDL_Reals.html#Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Reals.GreaterThreshold>`_
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that have a hysteresis parameter.
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Examples of a iterative algorithms are nonlinear equation solvers
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These start values can be overwritten in the model.
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.. _PressureDrop: https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_FixedResistances.html#Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop
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.. _WetCoilDiscretized: https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v10.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_HeatExchangers.html#Buildings.Fluid.HeatExchangers.WetCoilDiscretized
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.. _PressureDrop: https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_FixedResistances.html#Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop
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.. _WetCoilDiscretized: https://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/modelica/releases/v13.0.0/help/Buildings_Fluid_HeatExchangers.html#Buildings.Fluid.HeatExchangers.WetCoilDiscretized

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