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|`$alethic_modal`| Same as `$modal` only that the operators are called `{$necessary}` and `{$possible}` instead (short forms are identical). |
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|`$deontic`| Same as `$modal` only that the operators are called `{$obligatory}` and `{$permissible}` instead (short forms are identical). |
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|`$alethic_modal`| Similar to `$modal` only that there is only one operator called `{$knows}` (short forms `[.]`). |
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|`$$hybrid`| Hybrid logics extend the modal logic family $modal with the notion of nominals, a special kind of atomic formula symbol that is true only in a specific world [2]. The logics represented by $$hybrid are first-order variants of H(E, @, ↓). |
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|`$$pal`| Public announcement logic (PAL) is a propositional epistemic logic that allows for reasoning about knowledge. In contrast to $modal, PAL is a dynamic logic that supports updating the knowledge of agents via so-called announcement operators. |
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|`$$ddl`| Deontic logics are formalisms for reasoning over norms, obligations, permissions and prohibitions. In contrast to modal logics used for this purpose (e.g., modal logic D), dyadic deontic logics (DDLs), named $$ddl, offer a more sophisticated representation of conditional norms using a dyadic obligation operator O(ϕ/ψ). They address paradoxes of other deontic logics in the context of so-called contrary-to-duty (CTD) situations. The concrete DDLs supported are the propositional system by Carmo and Jones and Åqvist’s propositional system E. |
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|`$$hybrid`| Hybrid logics extend the modal logic family $modal with the notion of nominals, a special kind of atomic formula symbol that is true only in a specific world [2]. The logics represented by $$hybrid are first-order variants of H(E, @, ↓). A nominal symbol `n` is represented as `{$$nominal}(n)`, the shift operator @s as `{$$shift(#s)}`, and the bind operator ↓ x as `{$$bind(#X)}`. All other aspects are analogous to the modal logic representation above.|
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|`$$pal`| Public announcement logic (PAL) is a propositional epistemic logic that allows for reasoning about knowledge. In contrast to $modal, PAL is a dynamic logic that supports updating the knowledge of agents via so-called announcement operators. The knowledge operator Ki is given by `{$$knows(#i)}`, the common knowledge operator CA , with A a set of agents, by `{$$common($$group := [...])}`, and the announcement [!ϕ] is represented as `{$$announce($$formula := phi)}`. |
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|`$$ddl`| Deontic logics are formalisms for reasoning over norms, obligations, permissions and prohibitions. In contrast to modal logics used for this purpose (e.g., modal logic D), dyadic deontic logics (DDLs), named $$ddl, offer a more sophisticated representation of conditional norms using a dyadic obligation operator O(ϕ/ψ). They address paradoxes of other deontic logics in the context of so-called contrary-to-duty (CTD) situations. The concrete DDLs supported are the propositional system by Carmo and Jones and Åqvist’s propositional system E. The dyadic deontic operator O is represented by `{$$obl}` (short for obligatory). |
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### Logic specifications
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Non-classical logic languages quite commonly admit different concrete logics using the same syntax. In order to chose the exact logic intended for the input
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