22title : Chains of Trust
33linkTitle : Chains of Trust (Root and Intermediate Certificates)
44slug : certificates
5- lastmod : 2026-01-07
5+ lastmod : 2026-01-08
66show_lastmod : 1
77---
88
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Note that Root CAs don't have expiration dates in quite the same way that other
2323 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=7394 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=7394 )
2424 * Certificate details (self-signed): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=9314791 ) , [ der] ( /certs/isrgrootx1.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/isrgrootx1.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/isrgrootx1.txt )
2525 * Certificate details (cross-signed by DST Root CA X3): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3958242236 ) , [ der] ( /certs/isrg-root-x1-cross-signed.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/isrg-root-x1-cross-signed.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/isrg-root-x1-cross-signed.txt ) (retired)
26+ * CRL hostname: ` x1.c.lencr.org `
2627 * Test websites: [ valid] ( https://valid-isrgrootx1.letsencrypt.org/ ) , [ revoked] ( https://revoked-isrgrootx1.letsencrypt.org/ ) , [ expired] ( https://expired-isrgrootx1.letsencrypt.org/ )
2728* ** ISRG Root X2**
2829 * Subject: ` O = Internet Security Research Group, CN = ISRG Root X2 `
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ Note that Root CAs don't have expiration dates in quite the same way that other
3233 * Certificate details (self-signed): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3335562555 ) , [ der] ( /certs/isrg-root-x2.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/isrg-root-x2.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/isrg-root-x2.txt )
3334 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3334561878 ) , [ der] ( /certs/isrg-root-x2-cross-signed.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/isrg-root-x2-cross-signed.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/isrg-root-x2-cross-signed.txt )
3435 * Certificate details (second cross-sign by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=20878422868 ) , [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/root-x2-by-x1.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/root-x2-by-x1.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/root-x2-by-x1.txt )
36+ * CRL hostname: ` x2.c.lencr.org `
3537 * Test websites: [ valid] ( https://valid-isrgrootx2.letsencrypt.org/ ) , [ revoked] ( https://revoked-isrgrootx2.letsencrypt.org/ ) , [ expired] ( https://expired-isrgrootx2.letsencrypt.org/ )
3638
3739These roots are not yet included in Root Program Trust Stores, but will be submitted for inclusion soon:
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ These roots are not yet included in Root Program Trust Stores, but will be submi
4345 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=430535 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=430535 )
4446 * Certificate details (self-signed): [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/root-ye.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/root-ye.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/root-ye.txt )
4547 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X2): [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/root-ye-by-x2.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/root-ye-by-x2.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/root-ye-by-x2.txt )
48+ * CRL hostname: ` ye.c.lencr.org `
4649 * Test websites: Forthcoming
4750* ** ISRG Root YR**
4851 * Subject: ` O = ISRG, CN = Root YR `
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ These roots are not yet included in Root Program Trust Stores, but will be submi
5154 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=430543 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=430543 )
5255 * Certificate details (self-signed): [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/root-yr.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/root-yr.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/root-yr.txt )
5356 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/root-yr-by-x1.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/root-yr-by-x1.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/root-yr-by-x1.txt )
57+ * CRL hostname: ` yr.c.lencr.org `
5458 * Test websites: Forthcoming
5559
5660For additional information on the compatibility of our root certificates with various devices and trust stores, see [ Certificate Compatibility] ( /docs/cert-compat ) .
@@ -68,49 +72,57 @@ All intermediate certificate Subjects have a Country field of `C = US`.
6872 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295813 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295813 )
6973 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132900 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e7.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e7.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e7.txt )
7074 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132895 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e7-cross.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e7-cross.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e7-cross.txt )
75+ * CRL hostname: ` e7.c.lencr.org `
7176* ** Let's Encrypt E8**
7277 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = E8 `
7378 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
7479 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
7580 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295809 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295809 )
7681 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132890 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e8.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e8.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e8.txt )
7782 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132901 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e8-cross.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e8-cross.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e8-cross.txt )
83+ * CRL hostname: ` e8.c.lencr.org `
7884* ** Let's Encrypt R12**
7985 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R12 `
8086 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
8187 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
8288 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295816 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295816 )
8389 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132898 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/r12.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/r12.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/r12.txt )
90+ * CRL hostname: ` r12.c.lencr.org `
8491* ** Let's Encrypt R13**
8592 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R13 `
8693 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
8794 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
8895 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295817 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295817 )
8996 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132902 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/r13.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/r13.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/r13.txt )
97+ * CRL hostname: ` r13.c.lencr.org `
9098* ** Let's Encrypt YE1**
9199 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = YE1 `
92100 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
93101 * Valid until: 2028-09-02
94102 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=432952 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=432952 )
95103 * Certificate details: [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye1.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye1.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye1.txt )
104+ * CRL hostname: ` ye1.c.lencr.org `
96105* ** Let's Encrypt YE2**
97106 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = YE2 `
98107 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
99108 * Valid until: 2028-09-02
100109 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=431054 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=431054 )
101110 * Certificate details: [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye2.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye2.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye2.txt )
111+ * CRL hostname: ` ye2.c.lencr.org `
102112* ** Let's Encrypt YR1**
103113 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = YR1 `
104114 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
105115 * Valid until: 2028-09-02
106116 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=432476 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=432476 )
107117 * Certificate details: [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr1.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr1.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr1.txt )
118+ * CRL hostname: ` yr1.c.lencr.org `
108119* ** Let's Encrypt YR2**
109120 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = YR2 `
110121 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
111122 * Valid until: 2028-09-02
112123 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=432477 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=432477 )
113124 * Certificate details: [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr2.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr2.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr2.txt )
125+ * CRL hostname: ` yr2.c.lencr.org `
114126
115127Click below for details on additional intermediates which are not part of the active issuance hierarchy:
116128
@@ -126,24 +138,28 @@ These intermediate CAs have currently-valid certificates, but are not being issu
126138 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295812 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295812 )
127139 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132894 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e9.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e9.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e9.txt )
128140 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132894 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e9-cross.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e9-cross.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e9-cross.txt )
141+ * CRL hostname: ` e9.c.lencr.org `
129142* ** Let's Encrypt R14**
130143 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R14 `
131144 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
132145 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
133146 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295818 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295818 )
134147 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132903 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/r14.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/r14.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/r14.txt )
148+ * CRL hostname: ` r14.c.lencr.org `
135149* ** Let's Encrypt YE3**
136150 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = YE3 `
137151 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
138152 * Valid until: 2028-09-02
139153 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=432914 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=432914 )
140154 * Certificate details: [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye3.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye3.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/int-ye3.txt )
155+ * CRL hostname: ` ye3.c.lencr.org `
141156* ** Let's Encrypt YR3**
142157 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = YR3 `
143158 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
144159 * Valid until: 2028-09-02
145160 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=432480 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=432480 )
146161 * Certificate details: [ der] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr3.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr3.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/gen-y/int-yr3.txt )
162+ * CRL hostname: ` yr3.c.lencr.org `
147163
148164</details >
149165
@@ -158,52 +174,60 @@ These intermediate CAs are no longer being used to issue Subscriber certificates
158174 * Valid until: 2025-09-15 (expired)
159175 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=183283 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=183283 )
160176 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3334671964 ) , [ der] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-e1.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-e1.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-e1.txt )
177+ * CRL hostname: ` e1.c.lencr.org `
161178* ** Let's Encrypt E2**
162179 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = E2 `
163180 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
164181 * Valid until: 2025-09-15 (expired)
165182 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=183284 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=183284 )
166183 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3334671963 ) , [ der] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-e2.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-e2.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-e2.txt )
184+ * CRL hostname: ` e2.c.lencr.org `
167185* ** Let's Encrypt E5**
168186 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = E5 `
169187 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
170188 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
171189 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295810 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295810 )
172190 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132891 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e5.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e5.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e5.txt )
173191 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132892 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e5-cross.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e5-cross.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e5-cross.txt )
192+ * CRL hostname: ` e5.c.lencr.org `
174193* ** Let's Encrypt E6**
175194 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = E6 `
176195 * Key type: ` ECDSA P-384 `
177196 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
178197 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295819 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295819 )
179198 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X2): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132905 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e6.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e6.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e6.txt )
180199 * Certificate details (cross-signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132904 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/e6-cross.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/e6-cross.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/e6-cross.txt )
200+ * CRL hostname: ` e6.c.lencr.org `
181201* ** Let's Encrypt R3**
182202 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R3 `
183203 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
184204 * Valid until: 2025-09-15 (expired)
185205 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=183267 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=183267 )
186206 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3334561879 ) , [ der] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r3.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r3.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r3.txt )
187207 * Certificate details (cross-signed by IdenTrust): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3479778542 ) , [ der] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r3-cross-signed.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r3-cross-signed.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r3-cross-signed.txt )
208+ * CRL hostname: ` r3.c.lencr.org `
188209* ** Let's Encrypt R4**
189210 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R4 `
190211 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
191212 * Valid until: 2025-09-15 (expired)
192213 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=183268 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=183268 )
193214 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3334561877 ) , [ der] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r4.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r4.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r4.txt )
194215 * Certificate details (cross-signed by IdenTrust): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=3479778543 ) , [ der] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r4-cross-signed.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r4-cross-signed.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/lets-encrypt-r4-cross-signed.txt )
216+ * CRL hostname: ` r4.c.lencr.org `
195217* ** Let's Encrypt R10**
196218 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R10 `
197219 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
198220 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
199221 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295814 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295814 )
200222 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132896 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/r10.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/r10.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/r10.txt )
223+ * CRL hostname: ` r10.c.lencr.org `
201224* ** Let's Encrypt R11**
202225 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = R11 `
203226 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
204227 * Valid until: 2027-03-12
205228 * CA details: [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?caid=295815 ) , [ issued certs] ( https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295815 )
206229 * Certificate details (signed by ISRG Root X1): [ crt.sh] ( https://crt.sh/?id=12396132897 ) , [ der] ( /certs/2024/r11.der ) , [ pem] ( /certs/2024/r11.pem ) , [ txt] ( /certs/2024/r11.txt )
230+ * CRL hostname: ` r11.c.lencr.org `
207231* ** Let's Encrypt Authority X1**
208232 * Subject: ` O = Let's Encrypt, CN = Let's Encrypt Authority X1 `
209233 * Key type: ` RSA 2048 `
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