Update tzdata and zoneinfo to version 2016a.

Author: GitHub Actions

tzdata/CONTRIBUTING

@@ -67,3 +67,7 @@ Git repository.  If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful:
 Please do not create issues or pull requests on GitHub, as the
 proper procedure for proposing and distributing patches is via
 email as illustrated above.
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain.

tzdata/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+With a few exceptions, all files in the tz code and data (including
+this one) are in the public domain.  The exceptions are tzcode's
+date.c, newstrftime.3, and strftime.c, which contain material derived
+from BSD and which use the BSD 3-clause license.

tzdata/Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 PACKAGE=	tzcode
 
 # Version numbers of the code and data distributions.
-VERSION=	2015g
+VERSION=	2016a
 
 # Email address for bug reports.
 BUGEMAIL=	[email protected]
@@ -84,14 +84,18 @@ LIBDIR=		$(TOPDIR)/lib
 # below.  If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds counted
 # normally, use
 #	REDO=		right_posix
-# below.  If you want just POSIX-compatible time values, but with
-# out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', use
-#	REDO=		posix_packrat
-# POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility with it,
-# use "posix_only", "posix_right", or "posix_packrat".
+# below.  POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility
+# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right".
 
 REDO=		posix_right
 
+# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', use
+#	PACKRATDATA=	backzone
+# To omit this data, use
+#	PACKRATDATA=
+
+PACKRATDATA=
+
 # Since "." may not be in PATH...
 
 YEARISTYPE=	./yearistype
@@ -236,11 +240,22 @@ CFLAGS=
 
 LDFLAGS=	$(LFLAGS)
 
+# For leap seconds, this Makefile uses LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' in
+# submake command lines.  The default is no leap seconds.
+
+LEAPSECONDS=
+
+# The zic command and its arguments.
+
 zic=		./zic
 ZIC=		$(zic) $(ZFLAGS)
 
 ZFLAGS=
 
+# How to use zic to install tzdata binary files.
+
+ZIC_INSTALL=	$(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) $(LEAPSECONDS)
+
 # The name of a Posix-compliant 'awk' on your system.
 AWK=		awk
 
@@ -344,7 +359,7 @@ MANTXTS=	newctime.3.txt newstrftime.3.txt newtzset.3.txt \
 			time2posix.3.txt \
 			tzfile.5.txt tzselect.8.txt zic.8.txt zdump.8.txt \
 			date.1.txt
-COMMON=		CONTRIBUTING Makefile NEWS README Theory
+COMMON=		CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile NEWS README Theory
 WEB_PAGES=	tz-art.htm tz-link.htm
 DOCS=		$(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) $(WEB_PAGES)
 PRIMARY_YDATA=	africa antarctica asia australasia \
@@ -366,7 +381,7 @@ ENCHILADA=	$(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC)
 
 SHELL=		/bin/sh
 
-all:		tzselect zic zdump libtz.a $(TABDATA)
+all:		tzselect yearistype zic zdump libtz.a $(TABDATA)
 
 ALL:		all date $(ENCHILADA)
 
@@ -375,8 +390,7 @@ install:	all $(DATA) $(REDO) $(MANS)
 			$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR) \
 			$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5 \
 			$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8
-		$(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) \
-			-d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) -l $(LOCALTIME) -p $(POSIXRULES)
+		$(ZIC_INSTALL) -l $(LOCALTIME) -p $(POSIXRULES)
 		cp -f iso3166.tab $(ZONETABLES) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)/.
 		cp tzselect zic zdump $(DESTDIR)$(ETCDIR)/.
 		cp libtz.a $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/.
@@ -398,7 +412,7 @@ version.h:
 zdump:		$(TZDOBJS)
 		$(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZDOBJS) $(LDLIBS)
 
-zic:		$(TZCOBJS) yearistype
+zic:		$(TZCOBJS)
 		$(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZCOBJS) $(LDLIBS)
 
 yearistype:	yearistype.sh
@@ -408,13 +422,28 @@ yearistype:	yearistype.sh
 leapseconds:	$(LEAP_DEPS)
 		$(AWK) -f leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list >$@
 
-posix_only:	zic $(TDATA)
-		$(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) \
-			-L /dev/null $(TDATA)
-
-right_only:	zic leapseconds $(TDATA)
-		$(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) \
-			-L leapseconds $(TDATA)
+# Arguments to pass to submakes of install_data.
+# They can be overridden by later submake arguments.
+INSTALLARGS = \
+ DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) \
+ LEAPSECONDS='$(LEAPSECONDS)' \
+ PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \
+ TZDIR=$(TZDIR) \
+ YEARISTYPE=$(YEARISTYPE) \
+ ZIC='$(ZIC)'
+
+# 'make install_data' installs one set of tz binary files.
+# It can be tailored by setting LEAPSECONDS, PACKRATDATA, etc.
+install_data:	zic leapseconds yearistype $(PACKRATDATA) $(TDATA)
+		$(ZIC_INSTALL) $(TDATA)
+		$(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | $(ZIC_INSTALL) - $(PACKRATDATA)
+
+posix_only:
+		$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS= install_data
+
+right_only:
+		$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' \
+			install_data
 
 # In earlier versions of this makefile, the other two directories were
 # subdirectories of $(TZDIR).  However, this led to configuration errors.
@@ -425,26 +454,22 @@ right_only:	zic leapseconds $(TDATA)
 # Therefore, the other two directories are now siblings of $(TZDIR).
 # You must replace all of $(TZDIR) to switch from not using leap seconds
 # to using them, or vice versa.
-right_posix:	right_only leapseconds
+right_posix:	right_only
 		rm -fr $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps
 		ln -s $(TZDIR_BASENAME) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps || \
-		  $(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps \
-			-L leapseconds $(TDATA)
-		$(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix \
-			-L /dev/null $(TDATA)
+		  $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-leaps right_only
+		$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-posix posix_only
 
-posix_right:	posix_only leapseconds
+posix_right:	posix_only
 		rm -fr $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix
 		ln -s $(TZDIR_BASENAME) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix || \
-		  $(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix \
-			-L /dev/null $(TDATA)
-		$(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps \
-			-L leapseconds $(TDATA)
+		  $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-posix posix_only
+		$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-leaps right_only
 
-posix_packrat:	posix_only backzone
-		$(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | \
-		  $(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) \
-			-L /dev/null - backzone
+# This obsolescent rule is present for backwards compatibility with
+# tz releases 2014g through 2015g.  It should go away eventually.
+posix_packrat:
+		$(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) PACKRATDATA=backzone posix_only
 
 zones:		$(REDO)
 
@@ -660,6 +685,7 @@ zic.o:		private.h tzfile.h version.h
 .PHONY: check check_character_set check_links
 .PHONY: check_public check_sorted check_tables
 .PHONY: check_time_t_alternatives check_web check_white_space clean clean_misc
-.PHONY: install maintainer-clean names posix_packrat posix_only posix_right
+.PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names
+.PHONY: posix_only posix_packrat posix_right
 .PHONY: public right_only right_posix signatures tarballs typecheck
 .PHONY: zonenames zones

tzdata/NEWS

@@ -1,5 +1,60 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2016a - 2016-01-26 23:28:02 -0800
+
+  Changes affecting future time stamps
+
+    America/Cayman will not observe daylight saving this year after all.
+    Revert our guess that it would.  (Thanks to Matt Johnson.)
+
+    Asia/Chita switches from +0800 to +0900 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00.
+    (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.)
+
+    Asia/Tehran now has DST predictions for the year 2038 and later,
+    to be March 21 00:00 to September 21 00:00.  This is likely better
+    than predicting no DST, albeit off by a day every now and then.
+
+  Changes affecting past and future time stamps
+
+    America/Metlakatla switched from PST all year to AKST/AKDT on
+    2015-11-01 at 02:00.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
+
+    America/Santa_Isabel has been removed, and replaced with a
+    backward compatibility link to America/Tijuana.  Its contents were
+    apparently based on a misreading of Mexican legislation.
+
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    Asia/Karachi's two transition times in 2002 were off by a minute.
+    (Thanks to Matt Johnson.)
+
+  Changes affecting build procedure
+
+    An installer can now combine leap seconds with use of the backzone file,
+    e.g., with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone REDO=posix_right zones'.
+    The old 'make posix_packrat' rule is now marked as obsolescent.
+    (Thanks to Ian Abbott for an initial implementation.)
+
+  Changes affecting documentation and commentary
+
+    A new file LICENSE makes it easier to see that the code and data
+    are mostly public-domain.  (Thanks to James Knight.)  The three
+    non-public-domain files now use the current (3-clause) BSD license
+    instead of older versions of that license.
+
+    tz-link.htm mentions the BDE library (thanks to Andrew Paprocki),
+    CCTZ (thanks to Tim Parenti), TimeJones.com, and has a new section
+    on editing tz source files (with a mention of Sublime zoneinfo,
+    thanks to Gilmore Davidson).
+
+    The Theory and asia files now mention the 2015 book "The Global
+    Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", and cite a couple of reviews.
+
+    The America/Chicago entry now documents the informal use of US
+    central time in Fort Pierre, South Dakota.  (Thanks to Rick
+    McDermid, Matt Johnson, and Steve Jones.)
+
+
 Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700
 
   Changes affecting future time stamps
@@ -26,6 +81,9 @@ Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700
     localtime no longer mishandles America/Anchorage after 2037.
     (Thanks to Bradley White for reporting the bug.)
 
+    On hosts with signed 32-bit time_t, localtime no longer mishandles
+    Pacific/Fiji after 2038-01-16 14:00 UTC.
+
     The localtime module allows the variables 'timezone', 'daylight',
     and 'altzone' to be in common storage shared with other modules,
     and declares them in case the system <time.h> does not.

tzdata/README

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ locations around the globe.  It is updated periodically to reflect
 changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets,
 and daylight-saving rules.
 
-Unless otherwise specified, all files in the tz code and data are in
-the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-The few exceptions are code derived from BSD, which uses the BSD license.
-
 Here is a recipe for acquiring, building, installing, and testing the
 tz distribution on a GNU/Linux or similar host.
 
@@ -59,3 +55,9 @@ None of them are responsible for remaining errors.
 Look in <ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/> for updated versions of these files.
 
 Please send comments or information to [email protected].
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
+Arthur David Olson.  The other files in this distribution are either
+public domain or BSD licensed; see the file LICENSE for details.

tzdata/Theory

@@ -263,7 +263,15 @@ Errors in the tz database arise from many sources:
    be needed if the tz database's scope were extended to cover even
    just the known or guessed history of standard time; for example,
    the current single entry for France would need to split into dozens
-   of entries, perhaps hundreds.
+   of entries, perhaps hundreds.  And in most of the world even this
+   approach would be misleading due to widespread disagreement or
+   indifference about what times should be observed.  In her 2015 book
+   "The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", Vanessa Ogle writes
+   "Outside of Europe and North America there was no system of time
+   zones at all, often not even a stable landscape of mean times,
+   prior to the middle decades of the twentieth century".  See:
+   Timothy Shenk, Booked: A Global History of Time. Dissent 2015-12-17
+   https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanessa-ogle
 
  * Most of the pre-1970 data entries come from unreliable sources, often
    astrology books that lack citations and whose compilers evidently

tzdata/asia

@@ -874,6 +874,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
+
+# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
+# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
+# (2015-12-22):
+# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
+# outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
+# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
+# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
@@ -1084,8 +1093,15 @@ Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+#
+# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
+# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
+# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
+# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
+# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
+Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
@@ -2111,8 +2127,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S

tzdata/backward

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
+Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel
 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
 Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole

tzdata/backzone

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 # This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
 # assumes rules from other files.  In the tz distribution, use
-# 'make posix_packrat' to compile this file.
+# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
 
 # Zones are sorted by zone name.  Each zone is preceded by the
 # name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
@@ -279,6 +279,11 @@ Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
+# Cayman Is
+Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST
+
 # Canada
 Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1946

tzdata/checklinks.awk

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Check links in tz tables.
 
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
 
 BEGIN {
     # Special marker indicating that the name is defined as a Zone.