fix(tiler-sharp): when resampling uint round numbers rather than truncate (#3392)

### Motivation

When resampling `uint` it can end up resampling slightly high or low eg
resampling `1` can result in `1.00..01` or `0.99999..`

When setting a number on a Uint8Array floating point numbers are
truncated, so `0.9999` will be rounded down to `0` rather than up to
`1`.

### Modifications

When resampling `uint` round numbers before assigning them.

### Verification

Added unit test to validate rounding

Author: blacha

packages/tiler-sharp/src/pipeline/__tests__/pipeline.resize.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert';
+import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
+
+import { CompositionTiff } from '@basemaps/tiler';
+
+import { resizeBilinear } from '../pipeline.resize.js';
+
+describe('resize-bilinear', () => {
+  it('should round numbers when working with uint arrays', () => {
+    const ret = resizeBilinear(
+      {
+        pixels: new Uint8Array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]),
+        depth: 'uint8',
+        width: 4,
+        height: 4,
+        channels: 1,
+      },
+      { source: { width: 4, height: 4 } } as unknown as CompositionTiff,
+      { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1 },
+      { width: 256, height: 256, scale: 123.123123123 },
+    );
+
+    // All values should be rounded to 1 and not truncated down to 0
+    assert.ok(ret.pixels.every((f) => f === 1));
+  });
+});

packages/tiler-sharp/src/pipeline/pipeline.resize.ts

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ function getOutputBuffer(source: DecompressedInterleaved, target: Size): Decompr
   }
 }
 
-function resizeBilinear(
+export function resizeBilinear(
   data: DecompressedInterleaved,
   comp: CompositionTiff,
   source: BoundingBox,
@@ -151,6 +151,14 @@ function resizeBilinear(
   const maxHeight = Math.min(comp.source.height, data.height) - 2;
   const ret = getOutputBuffer(data, target);
   const outputBuffer = ret.pixels;
+
+  // should numbers be rounded when resampling, with some numbers like uint8 or uint32 numbers
+  // will be truncated when being set in their typed buffers,
+  //
+  // for example: `0.9999` will end up as `0` in a Uint8Array
+  // Only floats should be left as floating numbers
+  const needsRounding = !data.depth.startsWith('float');
+
   for (let y = 0; y < target.height; y++) {
     const sourceY = Math.min((y + 0.5) * invScale + source.y, maxHeight);
     const minY = Math.floor(sourceY);
@@ -193,7 +201,7 @@ function resizeBilinear(
 
       const pixel = minXMinY * weightA + maxXMinY * weightB + minXMaxY * weightC + maxXMaxY * weightD;
 
-      outputBuffer[outPx] = pixel;
+      outputBuffer[outPx] = needsRounding ? Math.round(pixel) : pixel;
     }
   }