diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/ai/architecture/fragment_layer_render.md b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/ai/architecture/fragment_layer_render.md
index 10f3bad1d3..10f597d960 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/ai/architecture/fragment_layer_render.md
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/ai/architecture/fragment_layer_render.md
@@ -96,6 +96,12 @@ struct OpData {
 | kRecordBox | 11 | Record Box Model (border/padding/content) |
 | kLinearGradient | 12 | Draw linear gradient |
 
+For `kText` and `kImage`, the first integer argument is a platform paint
+resource id returned by `NativePaintingContext`, not the Fragment/node id. The
+Fragment id remains the owner id for events and lifecycle bookkeeping, while the
+display list references the concrete text/image resource for the current content
+snapshot.
+
 #### Subtree Property Types (DisplayListSubtreePropertyOpType)
 
 | Type | Value | Description |
@@ -348,14 +354,14 @@ The iOS platform parses DisplayList through **direct memory access**. The C++ la
         break;
       }
       case DisplayListOpType::kText: {
-        auto text_id = [self nextContentInt];
+        auto text_id = [self nextContentInt]; // platform text resource id
         auto box_index = [self nextContentInt];
         // Get TextRenderer from LynxRendererContext to create LynxTextLayer
         LynxTextLayer *layer = [[LynxTextLayer alloc] initWithLynxTextRenderer:...];
         break;
       }
       case DisplayListOpType::kImage: {
-        auto image_id = [self nextContentInt];
+        auto image_id = [self nextContentInt]; // platform image resource id
         auto box_index = [self nextContentInt];
         // Create UIImageView and load image through LynxImageManager
         UIImageView *imageView = [self createImageView];
diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_behavior.h b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_behavior.h
index 4d294ed81c..82254168b1 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_behavior.h
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_behavior.h
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ class Fragment;
 // Fragments are destroyed. This creates a use-after-free if subclasses try to
 // access painting_context_ in their destructors.
 //
-// CORRECT APPROACH: Override OnElementDestroying() to release all platform
-// resources (native views, text bundles, etc.). This method is called by
-// Fragment::Destroy() while ElementManager and PaintingContext are still alive
-// and all pointers remain valid.
+// CORRECT APPROACH: Override OnElementDestroying() to release platform
+// resources owned directly by this behavior. Display-list paint resources such
+// as Text and Image are released by the platform display-list consumer after
+// the active display list stops referencing their resource ids. This method is
+// called by Fragment::Destroy() while ElementManager and PaintingContext are
+// still alive and all pointers remain valid.
 //
 // Example:
 //   class MyBehavior : public FragmentBehavior {
@@ -56,10 +58,11 @@ class FragmentBehavior {
 
   // Called by Fragment::Destroy() when the element is being destroyed.
   //
-  // This is the ONLY safe place to release platform resources (native views,
-  // text bundles, image resources, etc.). At this point, ElementManager and
-  // PaintingContext are still alive, so painting_context_ and fragment_
-  // pointers remain valid.
+  // This is the ONLY safe place to release directly-owned platform resources.
+  // Display-list paint resources are released by the platform display-list
+  // consumer after their resource ids disappear from the active display list.
+  // At this point, ElementManager and PaintingContext are still alive, so
+  // painting_context_ and fragment_ pointers remain valid.
   //
   // DO NOT wait until the destructor to clean up resources - by then the
   // PaintingContext may have already been destroyed, causing use-after-free
diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_unittest.cc b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_unittest.cc
index 59803d7762..89c604a42f 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_unittest.cc
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/fragment_unittest.cc
@@ -742,6 +742,9 @@ TEST_F(FragmentTest, TestUpdateLayoutAndDefineBoxAndDrawImage) {
   EXPECT_EQ(fragment.DefinePaddingBox(builder), 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(fragment.DefineContentBox(builder), 2);
 
+  auto* image_behavior =
+      static_cast<ImageFragmentBehavior*>(fragment.behavior_.get());
+  image_behavior->image_resource_id_ = 123;
   fragment.behavior_->OnDraw(builder);
 
   DisplayList list = builder.Build();
@@ -810,6 +813,8 @@ TEST_F(FragmentTest, TestUpdateLayoutAndDefineBoxAndDrawImage) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ops[3], static_cast<int32_t>(DisplayListOpType::kImage));
   EXPECT_EQ(ints[6], 2);
   EXPECT_EQ(ints[7], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ints[8], 123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ints[9], 2);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FragmentTest, TestCheckRootIfNeedClipBounds) {
diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.cc b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.cc
index 48d6b5e48c..e905add556 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.cc
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.cc
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void ImageFragmentBehavior::OnUpdateLayout(
     if (event_mask_ < 0) {
       event_mask_ = ComputeEventMask();
     }
-    painting_context_->CreateImage(
+    image_resource_id_ = painting_context_->CreateImageResource(
         fragment_->id(), image_url_, layout_info.GetContentBoxWidth(),
         layout_info.GetContentBoxHeight(), event_mask_);
     fragment_->InvalidateForRedraw();
@@ -50,8 +50,11 @@ void ImageFragmentBehavior::OnUpdateLayout(
 }
 
 void ImageFragmentBehavior::OnDraw(DisplayListBuilder& display_list_builder) {
+  if (image_resource_id_ == kInvalidPlatformResourceId) {
+    return;
+  }
   display_list_builder.DrawImage(
-      fragment()->id(), fragment()->DefineContentBox(display_list_builder));
+      image_resource_id_, fragment()->DefineContentBox(display_list_builder));
 }
 
 }  // namespace lynx::tasm
diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.h b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.h
index 80a4ec204e..03f5068e4b 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.h
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/image_fragment_behavior.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ class ImageFragmentBehavior : public FragmentBehavior {
   int32_t ComputeEventMask() const;
 
   base::String image_url_;
+  int32_t image_resource_id_{kInvalidPlatformResourceId};
   // Cached event mask - computed lazily on first use, then never changes.
   mutable int32_t event_mask_{-1};  // -1 means not yet computed
 };
diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.cc b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.cc
index 5d06fe8f1f..6669a3b766 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.cc
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.cc
@@ -28,11 +28,9 @@ TextFragmentBehavior::TextFragmentBehavior(Fragment* fragment)
     : FragmentBehavior(fragment) {}
 
 void TextFragmentBehavior::OnElementDestroying() {
-  // Release platform resources while element is still accessible
-  if (painting_context_ && text_bundle_ != 0) {
-    painting_context_->DestroyTextBundle(fragment_->id());
-    text_bundle_ = 0;
-  }
+  text_bundle_ = 0;
+  last_text_bundle_ = 0;
+  text_resource_id_ = kInvalidPlatformResourceId;
 }
 
 void TextFragmentBehavior::CreatePlatformRenderer(
@@ -45,8 +43,14 @@ void TextFragmentBehavior::CreatePlatformRenderer(
 
 void TextFragmentBehavior::OnUpdateLayout(
     const LayoutInfoForDraw& layout_result) {
-  if (painting_context_ && fragment_) {
-    painting_context_->UpdateTextBundle(fragment_->id(), text_bundle_);
+  if (painting_context_ && fragment_ && text_bundle_ != last_text_bundle_) {
+    last_text_bundle_ = text_bundle_;
+    if (text_bundle_ == 0) {
+      text_resource_id_ = kInvalidPlatformResourceId;
+    } else {
+      text_resource_id_ =
+          painting_context_->CreateTextResource(fragment_->id(), text_bundle_);
+    }
   }
   DispatchLayoutEvent(layout_result);
 }
@@ -58,7 +62,9 @@ void TextFragmentBehavior::OnDraw(DisplayListBuilder& builder) {
                 layout_info.layout_result.padding_[starlight::Direction::kTop],
                 layout_info.layout_result.size_.width_,
                 layout_info.layout_result.size_.height_);
-  builder.DrawText(fragment_->id(), fragment_->DefineBorderBox(builder));
+  if (text_resource_id_ != kInvalidPlatformResourceId) {
+    builder.DrawText(text_resource_id_, fragment_->DefineBorderBox(builder));
+  }
   builder.End();
 }
 
diff --git a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.h b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.h
index 4c3b810b33..9e4f8a6e2f 100644
--- a/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.h
+++ b/core/renderer/dom/fragment/text_fragment_behavior.h
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ class TextFragmentBehavior : public FragmentBehavior {
 
  private:
   intptr_t text_bundle_{0};
+  intptr_t last_text_bundle_{0};
+  int32_t text_resource_id_{kInvalidPlatformResourceId};
   void DispatchLayoutEvent(const LayoutInfoForDraw& layout_result);
 };
 }  // namespace lynx::tasm
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.cc b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.cc
index 1e56de149b..8df0946875 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.cc
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.cc
@@ -490,24 +490,25 @@ void NativePaintingCtxAndroid::ReconstructEventTargetTreeRecursively() {
   });
 }
 
-void NativePaintingCtxAndroid::CreateImage(int id, base::String src,
-                                           float width, float height,
-                                           int32_t event_mask) {
+int32_t NativePaintingCtxAndroid::CreateImageResource(int owner_id,
+                                                      base::String src,
+                                                      float width, float height,
+                                                      int32_t event_mask) {
+  int32_t resource_id = NextPlatformResourceId();
   if (view_manager_) {
-    view_manager_->CreateImage(id, src, width, height, event_mask);
+    view_manager_->CreateImageResource(resource_id, owner_id, src, width,
+                                       height, event_mask);
   }
+  return resource_id;
 }
 
-void NativePaintingCtxAndroid::UpdateTextBundle(int id, intptr_t bundle) {
+int32_t NativePaintingCtxAndroid::CreateTextResource(int owner_id,
+                                                     intptr_t bundle) {
+  int32_t resource_id = NextPlatformResourceId();
   if (view_manager_) {
-    view_manager_->UpdateTextBundle(id, bundle);
-  }
-}
-
-void NativePaintingCtxAndroid::DestroyTextBundle(int id) {
-  if (view_manager_) {
-    view_manager_->DestroyTextBundle(id);
+    view_manager_->CreateTextResource(resource_id, owner_id, bundle);
   }
+  return resource_id;
 }
 
 void NativePaintingCtxAndroid::InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_id,
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.h b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.h
index e07a219251..eb347b7fd4 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.h
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/native_painting_context_android.h
@@ -117,12 +117,10 @@ class NativePaintingCtxAndroid : public PaintingCtxPlatformImpl,
   void UpdatePlatformEventBundle(int32_t id,
                                  PlatformEventBundle bundle) override;
 
-  void CreateImage(int id, base::String src, float width, float height,
-                   int32_t event_mask = 0) override;
+  int32_t CreateImageResource(int owner_id, base::String src, float width,
+                              float height, int32_t event_mask = 0) override;
 
-  void UpdateTextBundle(int id, intptr_t bundle) override;
-
-  void DestroyTextBundle(int id) override;
+  int32_t CreateTextResource(int owner_id, intptr_t bundle) override;
 
   void InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_id, int32_t child_id) override;
 
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.cc b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.cc
index 84b3f3762d..3d3274a6a6 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.cc
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.cc
@@ -110,9 +110,11 @@ void PlatformRendererContext::DestroyPlatformRenderer(int32_t target) {
   UnregisterPlatformRenderer(target);
 }
 
-void PlatformRendererContext::CreateImage(int32_t id, base::String src,
-                                          float width, float height,
-                                          int32_t event_mask) {
+void PlatformRendererContext::CreateImageResource(int32_t resource_id,
+                                                  int32_t owner_id,
+                                                  base::String src, float width,
+                                                  float height,
+                                                  int32_t event_mask) {
   base::android::ScopedLocalJavaRef<jobject> local_ref(java_ref_);
   if (local_ref.IsNull()) {
     return;
@@ -121,37 +123,41 @@ void PlatformRendererContext::CreateImage(int32_t id, base::String src,
   auto j_src =
       base::android::JNIConvertHelper::ConvertToJNIStringUTF(env, src.c_str());
   Java_PlatformRendererContext_createImage(
-      env, local_ref.Get(), id, j_src.Get(), static_cast<int>(width),
-      static_cast<int>(height), static_cast<int>(event_mask));
+      env, local_ref.Get(), resource_id, owner_id, j_src.Get(),
+      static_cast<int>(width), static_cast<int>(height),
+      static_cast<int>(event_mask));
 }
 
-void PlatformRendererContext::DestroyImage(int32_t id) {
+void PlatformRendererContext::DestroyImageResource(int32_t resource_id) {
   base::android::ScopedLocalJavaRef<jobject> local_ref(java_ref_);
   if (local_ref.IsNull()) {
     return;
   }
   JNIEnv* env = base::android::AttachCurrentThread();
-  Java_PlatformRendererContext_destroyImage(env, local_ref.Get(), id);
+  Java_PlatformRendererContext_destroyImage(env, local_ref.Get(), resource_id);
 }
 
-void PlatformRendererContext::UpdateTextBundle(int32_t id,
-                                               intptr_t text_bundle) {
+void PlatformRendererContext::CreateTextResource(int32_t resource_id,
+                                                 int32_t owner_id,
+                                                 intptr_t text_bundle) {
   base::android::ScopedLocalJavaRef<jobject> local_ref(java_ref_);
   if (local_ref.IsNull()) {
     return;
   }
   JNIEnv* env = base::android::AttachCurrentThread();
   Java_PlatformRendererContext_updateTextBundle(
-      env, local_ref.Get(), id, static_cast<jlong>(text_bundle));
+      env, local_ref.Get(), resource_id, owner_id,
+      static_cast<jlong>(text_bundle));
 }
 
-void PlatformRendererContext::DestroyTextBundle(int32_t id) {
+void PlatformRendererContext::DestroyTextResource(int32_t resource_id) {
   base::android::ScopedLocalJavaRef<jobject> local_ref(java_ref_);
   if (local_ref.IsNull()) {
     return;
   }
   JNIEnv* env = base::android::AttachCurrentThread();
-  Java_PlatformRendererContext_destroyTextBundle(env, local_ref.Get(), id);
+  Java_PlatformRendererContext_destroyTextBundle(env, local_ref.Get(),
+                                                 resource_id);
 }
 
 void PlatformRendererContext::InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_sign,
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.h b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.h
index 067a7d85c5..4c5370b008 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.h
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/android/platform_renderer_context.h
@@ -65,13 +65,15 @@ class PlatformRendererContext {
   // Register/unregister PlatformRendererAndroid instances
   void RegisterPlatformRenderer(int32_t id, PlatformRendererAndroid* renderer);
   void UnregisterPlatformRenderer(int32_t id);
-  void CreateImage(int32_t id, base::String src, float width, float height,
-                   int32_t event_mask = 0);
-  void DestroyImage(int32_t id);
+  void CreateImageResource(int32_t resource_id, int32_t owner_id,
+                           base::String src, float width, float height,
+                           int32_t event_mask = 0);
+  void DestroyImageResource(int32_t resource_id);
 
-  void UpdateTextBundle(int32_t id, intptr_t text_bundle);
+  void CreateTextResource(int32_t resource_id, int32_t owner_id,
+                          intptr_t text_bundle);
 
-  void DestroyTextBundle(int32_t id);
+  void DestroyTextResource(int32_t resource_id);
 
   void InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_sign, int32_t child_sign);
 
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.h b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.h
index df8462a1f8..b9ceadcb8b 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.h
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.h
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class NativePaintingCtxDarwin : public PaintingCtxPlatformImpl, public NativePai
   void SetKeyframes(fml::RefPtr<PropBundle> keyframes_data) override {}
 
   // NativePaintingContextDarwin do not need impl this interface.
-  virtual void HandleValidate(int tag) override{};
+  virtual void HandleValidate(int tag) override {}
 
   std::unique_ptr<pub::Value> GetTextInfo(const std::string &content,
                                           const pub::Value &info) override;
@@ -107,9 +107,7 @@ class NativePaintingCtxDarwin : public PaintingCtxPlatformImpl, public NativePai
 
   void UpdateDisplayList(int id, DisplayList display_list) override;
 
-  void UpdateTextBundle(int id, intptr_t bundle) override;
-
-  void DestroyTextBundle(int id) override;
+  int32_t CreateTextResource(int owner_id, intptr_t bundle) override;
 
   void InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_id, int32_t child_id) override;
 
@@ -123,8 +121,8 @@ class NativePaintingCtxDarwin : public PaintingCtxPlatformImpl, public NativePai
 
   void UpdatePlatformEventBundle(int32_t id, PlatformEventBundle bundle) override;
 
-  void CreateImage(int id, base::String src, float width, float height,
-                   int32_t event_mask = 0) override;
+  int32_t CreateImageResource(int owner_id, base::String src, float width, float height,
+                              int32_t event_mask = 0) override;
 
 #pragma endregion  // NativePaintingContext
 
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.mm b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.mm
index e1be4d90ab..52080998d8 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.mm
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/ios/native_painting_context_darwin.mm
@@ -234,23 +234,17 @@
   });
 }
 
-void NativePaintingCtxDarwin::UpdateTextBundle(int id, intptr_t bundle) {
-  Enqueue([ref = platform_ref_, id, bundle]() {
+int32_t NativePaintingCtxDarwin::CreateTextResource(int owner_id, intptr_t bundle) {
+  int32_t resource_id = NextPlatformResourceId();
+  Enqueue([ref = platform_ref_, resource_id, owner_id, bundle]() {
     auto darwin_ref = std::static_pointer_cast<NativePaintingCtxPlatformDarwinRef>(ref);
     if (darwin_ref) {
-      [darwin_ref->GetRendererContext() updateTextBundle:id
-                                              withBundle:reinterpret_cast<void *>(bundle)];
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-void NativePaintingCtxDarwin::DestroyTextBundle(int id) {
-  Enqueue([ref = platform_ref_, id]() {
-    auto darwin_ref = std::static_pointer_cast<NativePaintingCtxPlatformDarwinRef>(ref);
-    if (darwin_ref) {
-      [darwin_ref->GetRendererContext() destroyTextBundle:id];
+      [darwin_ref->GetRendererContext() createTextResource:resource_id
+                                                   ownerID:owner_id
+                                                withBundle:reinterpret_cast<void *>(bundle)];
     }
   });
+  return resource_id;
 }
 
 void NativePaintingCtxDarwin::InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_id, int32_t child_id) {}
@@ -281,16 +275,19 @@
   });
 }
 
-void NativePaintingCtxDarwin::CreateImage(int id, base::String src, float width, float height,
-                                          int32_t event_mask) {
+int32_t NativePaintingCtxDarwin::CreateImageResource(int owner_id, base::String src, float width,
+                                                     float height, int32_t event_mask) {
+  int32_t resource_id = NextPlatformResourceId();
   LynxURL *sourceUrl = [[LynxURL alloc] init];
   sourceUrl.url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:[[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:src.c_str()]];
   sourceUrl.imageSize = CGSizeMake(width, height);
 
-  [context_->GetRendererContext() createImageManager:id
+  [context_->GetRendererContext() createImageManager:resource_id
+                                             ownerID:owner_id
                                        withSourceURL:sourceUrl
                                    andPlaceholderURL:nil
                                            eventMask:event_mask];
+  return resource_id;
 }
 
 template <typename F>
diff --git a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/native_painting_context.h b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/native_painting_context.h
index aaeffc48c0..4212f9d279 100644
--- a/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/native_painting_context.h
+++ b/core/renderer/ui_wrapper/painting/native_painting_context.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #ifndef CORE_RENDERER_UI_WRAPPER_PAINTING_NATIVE_PAINTING_CONTEXT_H_
 #define CORE_RENDERER_UI_WRAPPER_PAINTING_NATIVE_PAINTING_CONTEXT_H_
 
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "base/include/value/base_string.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,9 @@
 namespace lynx::tasm {
 class DisplayList;
 class PlatformEventBundle;
+
+constexpr int32_t kInvalidPlatformResourceId = -1;
+
 class NativePaintingContext {
  public:
   NativePaintingContext() = default;
@@ -30,10 +34,10 @@ class NativePaintingContext {
       int id, const base::String& tag_name,
       const fml::RefPtr<PropBundle>& init_data) = 0;
   virtual void UpdateDisplayList(int id, DisplayList list) = 0;
-  virtual void CreateImage(int id, base::String src, float width, float height,
-                           int32_t event_mask = 0) = 0;
-  virtual void UpdateTextBundle(int id, intptr_t bundle) = 0;
-  virtual void DestroyTextBundle(int id) = 0;
+  virtual int32_t CreateImageResource(int owner_id, base::String src,
+                                      float width, float height,
+                                      int32_t event_mask = 0) = 0;
+  virtual int32_t CreateTextResource(int owner_id, intptr_t bundle) = 0;
   virtual void InsertListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_id,
                                           int32_t child_id) = 0;
   virtual void RemoveListItemPaintingNode(int32_t list_id,
@@ -46,6 +50,12 @@ class NativePaintingContext {
   virtual void ReconstructEventTargetTreeRecursively() = 0;
   virtual void UpdatePlatformEventBundle(int id,
                                          PlatformEventBundle bundle) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  int32_t NextPlatformResourceId() { return next_platform_resource_id_++; }
+
+ private:
+  int32_t next_platform_resource_id_{1};
 };
 
 }  // namespace lynx::tasm
diff --git a/platform/android/api/lynx_android.api b/platform/android/api/lynx_android.api
index fe98d02fba..bd00dee76f 100644
--- a/platform/android/api/lynx_android.api
+++ b/platform/android/api/lynx_android.api
@@ -8785,10 +8785,10 @@ public class com::lynx::tasm::behavior::render::PlatformRendererContext : com.ly
   public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.updatePlatformRendererSubtreeProperties(int sign, ByteBuffer buffer, int count);
   public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.updatePlatformExtraData(int sign, Object extraData);
   public LynxImageManager com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.getImage(int sign);
-  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.createImage(int sign, String src, int width, int height, int eventMask);
-  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.destroyImage(int sign);
-  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.updateTextBundle(int sign, long textBundle);
-  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.destroyTextBundle(final int sign);
+  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.createImage(int resourceId, int ownerSign, String src, int width, int height, int eventMask);
+  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.destroyImage(int resourceId);
+  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.updateTextBundle(int resourceId, int ownerSign, long textBundle);
+  public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.destroyTextBundle(final int resourceId);
   public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.insertListItemPaintingNode(int listSign, int childSign);
   public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.removeListItemPaintingNode(int listSign, int childSign);
   public void com.lynx.tasm.behavior.render.PlatformRendererContext.updateContentOffsetForListContainer(int listSign, float contentSize, float deltaX, float deltaY, boolean isInitScrollOffset, boolean fromLayout);
diff --git a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/android_test/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplierTest.java b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/android_test/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplierTest.java
index ea7f36f4e0..e0fb5cf681 100644
--- a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/android_test/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplierTest.java
+++ b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/android_test/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplierTest.java
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ public void setUp() {
     MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
     // Set up PlatformRendererContext to return our mock TextMeasurer
     when(mockPlatformRendererContext.getTextMeasurer()).thenReturn(mockTextMeasurer);
+    when(mockPlatformRendererContext.getTextLayoutSign(anyInt()))
+        .thenAnswer(invocation -> invocation.getArgument(0));
     when(mockRendererHost.getView()).thenReturn(mockHostView);
     displayListApplier =
         new DisplayListApplier(null, mockPlatformRendererContext, mockRendererHost);
@@ -573,6 +575,28 @@ public void testMultipleOperations() {
    *   <li>Canvas.restore() is called for OP_END</li>
    * </ul>
    */
+  @Test
+  public void testSetDisplayListReleasesUnusedTextAndImageResources() {
+    DisplayList listWithResources = new DisplayList();
+    listWithResources.ops = new int[] {6, 7}; // OP_TEXT, OP_IMAGE
+    listWithResources.iArgv = new int[] {
+        2, 0, 101, -1, // OP_TEXT: resource id, box index
+        2, 0, 202, -1 // OP_IMAGE: resource id, box index
+    };
+    listWithResources.fArgv = new float[] {};
+
+    DisplayList emptyList = new DisplayList();
+    emptyList.ops = new int[] {};
+    emptyList.iArgv = new int[] {};
+    emptyList.fArgv = new float[] {};
+
+    displayListApplier.setDisplayList(listWithResources);
+    displayListApplier.setDisplayList(emptyList);
+
+    verify(mockPlatformRendererContext).releaseTextResource(101);
+    verify(mockPlatformRendererContext).releaseImageResource(202);
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void testOpBorderUniform() {
     testDisplayList.ops =
diff --git a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplier.java b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplier.java
index 3be83b69bd..4bbe79726c 100644
--- a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplier.java
+++ b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/DisplayListApplier.java
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 import com.lynx.tasm.service.ILynxTextService.Page;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.Stack;
 
 public class DisplayListApplier implements Drawable.Callback {
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ public class DisplayListApplier implements Drawable.Callback {
   private DisplayList mDisplayList;
   private TextMeasurer mTextMeasurer;
   private Paint mPaint;
+  private Set<Integer> mTextResourceRefs = new HashSet<>();
+  private Set<Integer> mImageResourceRefs = new HashSet<>();
 
   // Reusable objects for optimization
   private final Path mReusablePath = new Path();
@@ -93,6 +97,8 @@ public DisplayListApplier(DisplayList displayList,
     mTextMeasurer = platformRendererContext.getTextMeasurer();
     mContext = platformRendererContext;
     mHostLayer = new WeakReference<>(hostLayer);
+    mTextResourceRefs = collectResourceRefs(displayList, OP_TEXT);
+    mImageResourceRefs = collectResourceRefs(displayList, OP_IMAGE);
 
     // The drawing position on Android is affected by the frame layout and the
     // frame in OP_BEGIN togather. For a indepent layer, its position is already
@@ -294,7 +300,8 @@ private void drawText(Canvas canvas, int textId) {
     if (mTextMeasurer == null) {
       return;
     }
-    TextUpdateBundle textBundle = (TextUpdateBundle) mTextMeasurer.takeTextLayout(textId);
+    TextUpdateBundle textBundle =
+        (TextUpdateBundle) mTextMeasurer.takeTextLayout(mContext.getTextLayoutSign(textId));
     if (textBundle == null) {
       return;
     }
@@ -842,10 +849,69 @@ public void setDisplayList(DisplayList displayList) {
     if (displayList != null && displayList.fArgv != null && displayList.fArgv.length >= 2) {
       displayList.fArgv[0] = displayList.fArgv[1] = 0.f;
     }
+    updateResourceRefs(displayList);
     mDisplayList = displayList;
     reset();
   }
 
+  private void updateResourceRefs(DisplayList displayList) {
+    Set<Integer> newTextResourceRefs = collectResourceRefs(displayList, OP_TEXT);
+    Set<Integer> newImageResourceRefs = collectResourceRefs(displayList, OP_IMAGE);
+    releaseResourceRefsExcept(newTextResourceRefs, newImageResourceRefs);
+    mTextResourceRefs = newTextResourceRefs;
+    mImageResourceRefs = newImageResourceRefs;
+  }
+
+  void releaseAllResources() {
+    releaseResourceRefsExcept(new HashSet<>(), new HashSet<>());
+    mTextResourceRefs.clear();
+    mImageResourceRefs.clear();
+  }
+
+  private void releaseResourceRefsExcept(
+      Set<Integer> newTextResourceRefs, Set<Integer> newImageResourceRefs) {
+    if (mContext != null) {
+      for (Integer textResourceId : mTextResourceRefs) {
+        if (!newTextResourceRefs.contains(textResourceId)) {
+          mContext.releaseTextResource(textResourceId);
+        }
+      }
+      for (Integer imageResourceId : mImageResourceRefs) {
+        if (!newImageResourceRefs.contains(imageResourceId)) {
+          mContext.releaseImageResource(imageResourceId);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Set<Integer> collectResourceRefs(DisplayList displayList, int targetOp) {
+    Set<Integer> resourceRefs = new HashSet<>();
+    if (displayList == null || displayList.ops == null || displayList.iArgv == null) {
+      return resourceRefs;
+    }
+
+    int intIndex = 0;
+    int floatIndex = 0;
+    for (int op : displayList.ops) {
+      if (intIndex + 2 > displayList.iArgv.length) {
+        break;
+      }
+      int intParamCount = displayList.iArgv[intIndex++];
+      int floatParamCount = displayList.iArgv[intIndex++];
+      int paramsStart = intIndex;
+      if (op == targetOp && intParamCount >= 1 && paramsStart < displayList.iArgv.length) {
+        resourceRefs.add(displayList.iArgv[paramsStart]);
+      }
+      intIndex += Math.max(intParamCount, 0);
+      floatIndex += Math.max(floatParamCount, 0);
+      if (intIndex > displayList.iArgv.length
+          || (displayList.fArgv != null && floatIndex > displayList.fArgv.length)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return resourceRefs;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public void invalidateDrawable(@NonNull Drawable who) {
     IRendererHost hostLayer = getRendererHost();
diff --git a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/PlatformRendererContext.java b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/PlatformRendererContext.java
index b5a065c3ba..636b45b1ff 100644
--- a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/PlatformRendererContext.java
+++ b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/PlatformRendererContext.java
@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ public static final class PlatformEventHandlerState {
   private boolean mDestroyed = false;
 
   private ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Object> mExtraDatas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, LynxImageManager> mImageResources = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> mOwnerImageResources = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> mOwnerTextResources = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> mTextResourceOwners = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
   // TextMeasurer instance for text measurement functionality
   private TextMeasurer mTextMeasurer = null;
@@ -587,7 +591,18 @@ public void updatePlatformExtraData(int sign, Object extraData) {
   }
 
   public LynxImageManager getImage(int sign) {
-    UIBody.UIBodyView rootView = mRootView.get();
+    LynxImageManager imageManager = mImageResources.get(sign);
+    if (imageManager != null) {
+      return imageManager;
+    }
+    Integer resourceId = mOwnerImageResources.get(sign);
+    if (resourceId != null) {
+      imageManager = mImageResources.get(resourceId);
+      if (imageManager != null) {
+        return imageManager;
+      }
+    }
+    UIBody.UIBodyView rootView = mRootView != null ? mRootView.get() : null;
     if (rootView != null) {
       return rootView.peekImageAccordingToNodeIndex(sign);
     }
@@ -595,49 +610,84 @@ public LynxImageManager getImage(int sign) {
   }
 
   @CalledByNative
-  public void createImage(int sign, String src, int width, int height, int eventMask) {
-    // Create Image managed by LynxImageManager and register to UIBodyView
+  public void createImage(
+      int resourceId, int ownerSign, String src, int width, int height, int eventMask) {
     LynxImageManager imageManager = new LynxImageManager(mContext);
-    imageManager.setFallbackSign(sign);
+    imageManager.setFallbackSign(ownerSign);
     imageManager.setEventMask(eventMask);
     imageManager.setSrc(src);
     imageManager.onLayoutUpdated(width, height, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-    UIBody.UIBodyView rootView = mRootView.get();
-    if (rootView != null) {
-      rootView.registerImageAccordingToNodeIndex(sign, imageManager);
-    }
+    mImageResources.put(resourceId, imageManager);
+    mOwnerImageResources.put(ownerSign, resourceId);
     imageManager.onNodeReady();
   }
 
   @CalledByNative
-  public void destroyImage(int sign) {
-    // Remove and release the image source from UIBodyView
-    UIBody.UIBodyView rootView = mRootView.get();
-    if (rootView != null) {
-      rootView.obtainImageAccordingToNodeIndex(sign);
+  public void destroyImage(int resourceId) {
+    releaseImageResource(resourceId);
+  }
+
+  void releaseImageResource(int resourceId) {
+    LynxImageManager imageManager = mImageResources.remove(resourceId);
+    if (imageManager == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    imageManager.destroy();
+    Integer ownerSignToRemove = null;
+    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : mOwnerImageResources.entrySet()) {
+      if (entry.getValue() == resourceId) {
+        ownerSignToRemove = entry.getKey();
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (ownerSignToRemove != null) {
+      mOwnerImageResources.remove(ownerSignToRemove);
     }
   }
 
   Page getTextBundle(int sign) {
-    return (Page) mExtraDatas.get(sign);
+    Object page = mExtraDatas.get(sign);
+    if (page instanceof Page) {
+      return (Page) page;
+    }
+    Integer resourceId = mOwnerTextResources.get(sign);
+    if (resourceId == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    page = mExtraDatas.get(resourceId);
+    return page instanceof Page ? (Page) page : null;
   }
 
   @CalledByNative
-  public void updateTextBundle(int sign, long textBundle) {
-    // Update the text layout bundle for the specified sign
+  public void updateTextBundle(int resourceId, int ownerSign, long textBundle) {
+    mTextResourceOwners.put(resourceId, ownerSign);
+    mOwnerTextResources.put(ownerSign, resourceId);
+    if (mContext == null || !mContext.isTextServiceModeOn()) {
+      return;
+    }
     Page page = mContext.getTextService().createPage(textBundle);
     if (page != null) {
-      mExtraDatas.put(sign, page);
+      mExtraDatas.put(resourceId, page);
     }
   }
 
   @CalledByNative
-  public void destroyTextBundle(final int sign) {
-    // Destroy the text layout bundle for the specified sign
+  public void destroyTextBundle(final int resourceId) {
+    releaseTextResource(resourceId);
+  }
+
+  void releaseTextResource(final int resourceId) {
     UIThreadUtils.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
       @Override
       public void run() {
-        Page page = (Page) mExtraDatas.remove(sign);
+        Integer ownerSign = mTextResourceOwners.remove(resourceId);
+        if (ownerSign != null) {
+          Integer ownerResourceId = mOwnerTextResources.get(ownerSign);
+          if (ownerResourceId != null && ownerResourceId == resourceId) {
+            mOwnerTextResources.remove(ownerSign);
+          }
+        }
+        Page page = (Page) mExtraDatas.remove(resourceId);
         if (page != null) {
           page.destroy();
         }
@@ -645,6 +695,11 @@ public void run() {
     });
   }
 
+  int getTextLayoutSign(int textResourceId) {
+    Integer ownerSign = mTextResourceOwners.get(textResourceId);
+    return ownerSign != null ? ownerSign : textResourceId;
+  }
+
   @CalledByNative
   public void insertListItemPaintingNode(int listSign, int childSign) {
     LynxUIOwner owner = mContext != null ? mContext.getLynxUIOwner() : null;
@@ -822,10 +877,17 @@ public void destroy() {
       }
     }
     mExtraDatas.clear();
+    for (LynxImageManager imageManager : mImageResources.values()) {
+      imageManager.destroy();
+    }
+    mImageResources.clear();
+    mOwnerImageResources.clear();
+    mOwnerTextResources.clear();
+    mTextResourceOwners.clear();
 
     mTextMeasurer = null;
     mTextLayout = null;
-    UIBody.UIBodyView root = mRootView.get();
+    UIBody.UIBodyView root = mRootView != null ? mRootView.get() : null;
     if (root != null) {
       root.clearNodeIndexImageMap();
     }
diff --git a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/Renderer.java b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/Renderer.java
index 21119a3552..2888bc068b 100644
--- a/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/Renderer.java
+++ b/platform/android/lynx_android/src/main/java/com/lynx/tasm/behavior/render/Renderer.java
@@ -216,7 +216,12 @@ public void invalidate(int invalidateMask) {
 
   public void updateAttributes(PropBundle props) {}
   public void updateExtraData(Object extraData) {}
-  public void onDestroy() {}
+  public void onDestroy() {
+    if (mDisplayListApplier != null) {
+      mDisplayListApplier.releaseAllResources();
+      mDisplayListApplier = null;
+    }
+  }
 
   public void applySubtreeProperties(java.nio.ByteBuffer buffer, int count) {
     IRendererHost rendererHost = getRendererHost();
diff --git a/platform/darwin/ios/api/lynx_ios.api b/platform/darwin/ios/api/lynx_ios.api
index 7f2fb6b2b6..05922b4f8f 100644
--- a/platform/darwin/ios/api/lynx_ios.api
+++ b/platform/darwin/ios/api/lynx_ios.api
@@ -3315,10 +3315,11 @@ public class LynxRendererContext : NSObject {
   public UIView<LUIBodyView>* LynxRendererContext::bodyView bodyView;
   public LynxUIContext* LynxRendererContext::uiContext uiContext;
   public LynxTextRenderManager* LynxRendererContext::textRenderManager textRenderManager;
-  public void LynxRendererContext::createImageManager:withSourceURL:andPlaceholderURL:eventMask:(int32_t imageManagerID,[withSourceURL] LynxURL *sourceURL,[andPlaceholderURL] LynxURL *placeholderURL,[eventMask] int32_t eventMask);
-  public LynxImageManager * LynxRendererContext::takeImageManager:(int32_t imageManagerID);
-  public void LynxRendererContext::updateTextBundle:withBundle:(int32_t textID,[withBundle] void *bundle);
-  public void LynxRendererContext::destroyTextBundle:(int32_t textID);
+  public void LynxRendererContext::createImageManager:ownerID:withSourceURL:andPlaceholderURL:eventMask:(int32_t imageManagerID,[ownerID] int32_t ownerID,[withSourceURL] LynxURL *sourceURL,[andPlaceholderURL] LynxURL *placeholderURL,[eventMask] int32_t eventMask);
+  public LynxImageManager * LynxRendererContext::getImageManager:(int32_t imageManagerID);
+  public void LynxRendererContext::releaseImageManager:(int32_t imageManagerID);
+  public void LynxRendererContext::createTextResource:ownerID:withBundle:(int32_t textID,[ownerID] int32_t ownerID,[withBundle] void *bundle);
+  public void LynxRendererContext::releaseTextResource:(int32_t textID);
   public void * LynxRendererContext::getTextBundle:(int32_t textID);
 }
 
diff --git a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplier.mm b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplier.mm
index c30d681e81..aaada20661 100644
--- a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplier.mm
+++ b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplier.mm
@@ -13,18 +13,57 @@
 #import "LynxDisplayListApplier+Internal.h"
 #import "LynxTextraLayer.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <stack>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include "base/include/vector.h"
 #include "core/renderer/dom/fragment/rounded_rectangle.h"
 
 using namespace lynx;
 using namespace lynx::tasm;
 
+namespace {
+
+std::unordered_set<int32_t> CollectResourceRefs(DisplayList *list, DisplayListOpType target_op) {
+  std::unordered_set<int32_t> refs;
+  if (list == nullptr || list->GetContentOpTypesData() == nullptr ||
+      list->GetContentIntData() == nullptr) {
+    return refs;
+  }
+
+  const int32_t *ops = list->GetContentOpTypesData();
+  const int32_t *ints = list->GetContentIntData();
+  size_t int_index = 0;
+  size_t float_index = 0;
+  for (size_t op_index = 0; op_index < list->GetContentOpTypesSize(); ++op_index) {
+    if (int_index + 2 > list->GetContentIntDataSize()) {
+      break;
+    }
+    int32_t int_count = ints[int_index++];
+    int32_t float_count = ints[int_index++];
+    size_t params_start = int_index;
+    if (static_cast<DisplayListOpType>(ops[op_index]) == target_op && int_count >= 1 &&
+        params_start < list->GetContentIntDataSize()) {
+      refs.insert(ints[params_start]);
+    }
+    int_index += std::max(int_count, 0);
+    float_index += std::max(float_count, 0);
+    if (int_index > list->GetContentIntDataSize() ||
+        float_index > list->GetContentFloatDataSize()) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return refs;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 @interface LynxDisplayListApplier ()
 
 - (void)insertHostDecorationLayer:(CALayer *)layer;
 - (void)insertLayer:(CALayer *)layer forOp:(DisplayListOpType)op;
 - (BOOL)shouldInsertAsHostDecorationForOp:(DisplayListOpType)op;
+- (void)releaseCurrentResourceRefs;
 - (void)applyRoundedRect:(const RoundedRectangle &)box toLayer:(CALayer *)layer;
 - (CGRect)rectForRoundedRectangle:(const RoundedRectangle &)rect applyingOffsets:(BOOL)applyOffsets;
 - (CALayer *)createLinearGradientLayerWithAngle:(float)angle
@@ -68,6 +107,8 @@ @implementation LynxDisplayListApplier {
   NSMutableArray<UIImageView *> *_contentImageViews;
   NSMutableArray<CALayer *> *_contentLayers;
   NSMutableArray<CALayer *> *_hostDecorationLayers;
+  std::unordered_set<int32_t> text_resource_refs_;
+  std::unordered_set<int32_t> image_resource_refs_;
 }
 
 - (instancetype)initWithView:(UIView<LynxRendererHost> *)view
@@ -93,6 +134,22 @@ - (instancetype)initWithView:(UIView<LynxRendererHost> *)view
   return self;
 }
 
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [self releaseCurrentResourceRefs];
+}
+
+- (void)releaseCurrentResourceRefs {
+  for (int32_t textID : text_resource_refs_) {
+    [_renderer_context releaseTextResource:textID];
+  }
+  for (int32_t imageID : image_resource_refs_) {
+    [_renderer_context releaseImageManager:imageID];
+  }
+  text_resource_refs_.clear();
+  image_resource_refs_.clear();
+  [_imageManagers removeAllObjects];
+}
+
 - (int32_t)nextContentInt {
   return list_->GetIntAtIndex(content_int_index_++);
 }
@@ -218,6 +275,9 @@ - (void)processContentOperations {
           auto image_id = [self nextContentInt];
           [[maybe_unused]] auto box_index = [self nextContentInt];
           LynxImageManager *imageManager = [self imageManagerForID:image_id];
+          if (imageManager == nil) {
+            break;
+          }
 
           UIImageView *imageView = [self createImageView];
 
@@ -426,6 +486,9 @@ - (void)processContentOperations {
 
 - (void)applyDisplayList:(lynx::tasm::DisplayList *)list {
   if (list == nullptr) {
+    [self releaseCurrentResourceRefs];
+    [self reset];
+    list_ = nullptr;
     return;
   }
 
@@ -433,6 +496,22 @@ - (void)applyDisplayList:(lynx::tasm::DisplayList *)list {
     return;
   }
 
+  std::unordered_set<int32_t> newTextRefs = CollectResourceRefs(list, DisplayListOpType::kText);
+  std::unordered_set<int32_t> newImageRefs = CollectResourceRefs(list, DisplayListOpType::kImage);
+  for (int32_t textID : text_resource_refs_) {
+    if (newTextRefs.find(textID) == newTextRefs.end()) {
+      [_renderer_context releaseTextResource:textID];
+    }
+  }
+  for (int32_t imageID : image_resource_refs_) {
+    if (newImageRefs.find(imageID) == newImageRefs.end()) {
+      [_imageManagers removeObjectForKey:@(imageID)];
+      [_renderer_context releaseImageManager:imageID];
+    }
+  }
+  text_resource_refs_ = std::move(newTextRefs);
+  image_resource_refs_ = std::move(newImageRefs);
+
   [self reset];
 
   list_ = list;
@@ -715,7 +794,7 @@ - (LynxImageManager *)imageManagerForID:(int32_t)imageManagerID {
   }
   LynxImageManager *imageManager = _imageManagers[@(imageManagerID)];
   if (imageManager == nil) {
-    imageManager = [_renderer_context takeImageManager:imageManagerID];
+    imageManager = [_renderer_context getImageManager:imageManagerID];
     if (imageManager != nil) {
       _imageManagers[@(imageManagerID)] = imageManager;
     }
diff --git a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplierUnitTest.mm b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplierUnitTest.mm
index 67d2fca714..3f04090e07 100644
--- a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplierUnitTest.mm
+++ b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxDisplayListApplierUnitTest.mm
@@ -173,6 +173,36 @@ - (void)testProcessContentOperationsWithTODOs {
   // Verify no crash
 }
 
+- (void)testApplyDisplayListReleasesUnusedTextAndImageResources {
+  id mockUIView = OCMClassMock([LynxMockView class]);
+  id mockLayer = OCMClassMock([CALayer class]);
+  id mockContext = OCMClassMock([LynxRendererContext class]);
+  [[[mockUIView stub] andReturn:mockLayer] layer];
+
+  LynxDisplayListApplier *applier = [[LynxDisplayListApplier alloc] initWithView:mockUIView
+                                                                      andContext:mockContext];
+
+  DisplayList list1;
+  list1.AddOperation(DisplayListOpType::kRecordBox, 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f, 10.0f);
+  list1.AddOperation(DisplayListOpType::kText, 101, 0);
+  list1.AddOperation(DisplayListOpType::kImage, 202, 0);
+  [applier applyDisplayList:&list1];
+
+  [[mockContext expect] releaseTextResource:101];
+  [[mockContext expect] releaseImageManager:202];
+  DisplayList list2;
+  list2.AddOperation(DisplayListOpType::kRecordBox, 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f, 10.0f);
+  list2.AddOperation(DisplayListOpType::kText, 303, 0);
+  list2.AddOperation(DisplayListOpType::kImage, 404, 0);
+  [applier applyDisplayList:&list2];
+  [mockContext verify];
+
+  [[mockContext expect] releaseTextResource:303];
+  [[mockContext expect] releaseImageManager:404];
+  [applier applyDisplayList:nullptr];
+  [mockContext verify];
+}
+
 - (void)testDrawViewWithIntCountNotOne {
   id mockUIView = OCMClassMock([LynxMockView class]);
   id mockSubView = OCMClassMock([UIView class]);
diff --git a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.h b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.h
index 1c3f9f6518..a4c7b0142f 100644
--- a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.h
+++ b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.h
@@ -15,15 +15,18 @@
 @property(nonatomic, strong) LynxTextRenderManager *textRenderManager;
 
 - (void)createImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID
+                   ownerID:(int32_t)ownerID
              withSourceURL:(LynxURL *)sourceURL
          andPlaceholderURL:(LynxURL *)placeholderURL
                  eventMask:(int32_t)eventMask;
 
-- (LynxImageManager *)takeImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID;
+- (LynxImageManager *)getImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID;
 
-- (void)updateTextBundle:(int32_t)textID withBundle:(void *)bundle;
+- (void)releaseImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID;
 
-- (void)destroyTextBundle:(int32_t)textID;
+- (void)createTextResource:(int32_t)textID ownerID:(int32_t)ownerID withBundle:(void *)bundle;
+
+- (void)releaseTextResource:(int32_t)textID;
 
 - (void *)getTextBundle:(int32_t)textID;
 
diff --git a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.mm b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.mm
index dadfe1ad83..1b70de36c7 100644
--- a/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.mm
+++ b/platform/darwin/ios/lynx/renderer/LynxRendererContext.mm
@@ -22,69 +22,94 @@ void DestroyTextBundlePointer(void *bundle) {
 
 @implementation LynxRendererContext {
   NSMutableDictionary<NSNumber *, LynxImageManager *> *_imageManagers;
+  NSMutableDictionary<NSNumber *, NSNumber *> *_ownerImageResources;
+  NSMutableDictionary<NSNumber *, NSNumber *> *_imageResourceOwners;
   NSMutableDictionary<NSNumber *, NSValue *> *_textBundles;
+  NSMutableDictionary<NSNumber *, NSNumber *> *_ownerTextResources;
+  NSMutableDictionary<NSNumber *, NSNumber *> *_textResourceOwners;
 }
 
 - (instancetype)init {
   self = [super init];
   if (self) {
     _imageManagers = [NSMutableDictionary new];
+    _ownerImageResources = [NSMutableDictionary new];
+    _imageResourceOwners = [NSMutableDictionary new];
     _textBundles = [NSMutableDictionary new];
+    _ownerTextResources = [NSMutableDictionary new];
+    _textResourceOwners = [NSMutableDictionary new];
   }
   return self;
 }
 
 - (void)dealloc {
+  for (LynxImageManager *imageManager in _imageManagers.objectEnumerator) {
+    [imageManager reset];
+  }
   for (NSValue *value in _textBundles.objectEnumerator) {
     DestroyTextBundlePointer([value pointerValue]);
   }
 }
 
 - (void)createImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID
+                   ownerID:(int32_t)ownerID
              withSourceURL:(LynxURL *)sourceURL
          andPlaceholderURL:(LynxURL *)placeholderURL
                  eventMask:(int32_t)eventMask {
   LynxImageManager *imageManager = [[LynxImageManager alloc] initWithContext:_uiContext];
-  [imageManager setSign:imageManagerID];
+  [imageManager setSign:ownerID];
   [imageManager setEventMask:eventMask];
   [imageManager requestImage:sourceURL withType:LynxImageRequestSrc];
   [imageManager requestImage:sourceURL withType:LynxImageRequestPlaceholder];
   @synchronized(self) {
     _imageManagers[@(imageManagerID)] = imageManager;
+    _imageResourceOwners[@(imageManagerID)] = @(ownerID);
+    _ownerImageResources[@(ownerID)] = @(imageManagerID);
   }
 }
 
-- (LynxImageManager *)takeImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID {
+- (LynxImageManager *)getImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID {
   LynxImageManager *imageManager = nil;
   @synchronized(self) {
     imageManager = _imageManagers[@(imageManagerID)];
-    [_imageManagers removeObjectForKey:@(imageManagerID)];
   }
   return imageManager;
 }
 
-- (void)updateTextBundle:(int32_t)textID withBundle:(void *)bundle {
-  void *previousBundle = nullptr;
+- (void)releaseImageManager:(int32_t)imageManagerID {
   @synchronized(self) {
-    NSValue *previousValue = _textBundles[@(textID)];
-    if (previousValue != nil) {
-      previousBundle = [previousValue pointerValue];
-    }
-    if (previousBundle == bundle) {
-      return;
+    NSNumber *key = @(imageManagerID);
+    NSNumber *ownerID = _imageResourceOwners[key];
+    if (ownerID != nil && [_ownerImageResources[ownerID] isEqualToNumber:key]) {
+      [_ownerImageResources removeObjectForKey:ownerID];
     }
+    [_imageManagers[key] reset];
+    [_imageResourceOwners removeObjectForKey:key];
+    [_imageManagers removeObjectForKey:key];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)createTextResource:(int32_t)textID ownerID:(int32_t)ownerID withBundle:(void *)bundle {
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    _textResourceOwners[@(textID)] = @(ownerID);
+    _ownerTextResources[@(ownerID)] = @(textID);
     _textBundles[@(textID)] = [NSValue valueWithPointer:bundle];
   }
-  DestroyTextBundlePointer(previousBundle);
 }
 
-- (void)destroyTextBundle:(int32_t)textID {
+- (void)releaseTextResource:(int32_t)textID {
   void *bundle = nullptr;
   @synchronized(self) {
-    NSValue *value = _textBundles[@(textID)];
-    if (value) {
+    NSNumber *key = @(textID);
+    NSNumber *ownerID = _textResourceOwners[key];
+    if (ownerID != nil && [_ownerTextResources[ownerID] isEqualToNumber:key]) {
+      [_ownerTextResources removeObjectForKey:ownerID];
+    }
+    [_textResourceOwners removeObjectForKey:key];
+    NSValue *value = _textBundles[key];
+    if (value != nil) {
       bundle = [value pointerValue];
-      [_textBundles removeObjectForKey:@(textID)];
+      [_textBundles removeObjectForKey:key];
     }
   }
   DestroyTextBundlePointer(bundle);
@@ -93,7 +118,12 @@ - (void)destroyTextBundle:(int32_t)textID {
 - (void *)getTextBundle:(int32_t)textID {
   void *bundle = nullptr;
   @synchronized(self) {
-    NSValue *value = _textBundles[@(textID)];
+    NSNumber *key = @(textID);
+    NSValue *value = _textBundles[key];
+    if (value == nil) {
+      NSNumber *resourceID = _ownerTextResources[key];
+      value = resourceID != nil ? _textBundles[resourceID] : nil;
+    }
     if (value) {
       bundle = [value pointerValue];
     }