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Floor Plan to 3D Model

Convert architectural floor plan images into 3D wall geometry with automatic door, window, and passage detection.

Pipeline demo

How it works

The pipeline takes a monochrome floor plan image and produces a 3D extruded model with openings cut into the walls:

  1. Binarize the image to isolate wall pixels, then clean with morphological operations
  2. Estimate scale from wall thickness using the skeleton distance transform
  3. Trace and simplify wall boundaries into clean polygons (Douglas-Peucker + collinear merging + axis snapping)
  4. Label wall-end edges by finding short polygon edges where both vertices are convex corners
  5. Pair wall-ends by casting perpendicular rays to find matching parallel edges across gaps
  6. Classify openings as doors (arc symbols nearby), windows (hatching or exterior), or passages (wide interior gaps)
  7. Render in 3D with lintels over doors/passages and lintels + sills framing windows

Requirements

  • MATLAB® R2023b or newer
  • Image Processing Toolbox™
  • (Optional) Simulink 3D Animation™ toolbox for Sim3D export

Quick start

% Extract geometry from a floor plan image
geometry = extractFloorPlanGeometry("test_floorplan.png");

% View the 3D result in a MATLAB figure
visualizeFloorPlan3D(geometry);

Or run the live script FloorPlanTo3D.m for a step-by-step walkthrough with plots at each stage.

Sim3D export

If you have the Simulink 3D Animation™ toolbox, you can push the extracted geometry into a Sim3D world as box primitives:

geometry = extractFloorPlanGeometry("test_floorplan.png");
world = buildSim3DScene(geometry);

% The scene is now running in the Sim3D viewer.
% When done:
delete(world);

Each polygon edge becomes a wall panel, and openings get lintel/sill boxes. You can customize appearance:

world = buildSim3DScene(geometry, ...
    WallColor=[0.9 0.9 0.88], ...
    LintelColor=[0.7 0.7 0.68], ...
    FloorColor=[0.95 0.93 0.88]);

Input format

Designed for ISO 128-compliant monochrome architectural floor plans:

  • Walls drawn as solid black regions on a white background
  • Doors indicated by quarter-circle arc symbols (swing direction)
  • Windows indicated by hatching or parallel line patterns
  • Consistent wall thickness at a given scale

Options

geometry = extractFloorPlanGeometry("plan.png", ...
    "ExteriorWallThickness", 0.20, ...  % meters (used for scale calibration)
    "WallHeight", 2.5, ...              % meters
    "DoorHeight", 2.1, ...              % meters
    "WindowBottom", 0.9, ...            % meters (sill height)
    "WindowTop", 2.0, ...              % meters (lintel height)
    "ShowPlots", true);                 % render 3D on completion

Files

File Description
extractFloorPlanGeometry.m Main extraction pipeline. Returns a struct with wall polygons, openings, and scale.
visualizeFloorPlan3D.m 3D renderer. Extrudes walls and adds lintel/sill geometry for openings.
buildSim3DScene.m Exports geometry to a Sim3D world as box primitives. Requires Simulink 3D Animation.
FloorPlanTo3D.m Live script tutorial walking through each pipeline step.
test_floorplan.png Sample floor plan image.

Output struct

extractFloorPlanGeometry returns a struct with:

  • Regions - cell array of Nx2 polygon vertex arrays (pixel coords)
  • Openings - struct array with fields: p1, p2, width, type, midpoint, thickness, corners
  • Scale - meters per pixel
  • WallHeight, DoorHeight, WindowBottom, WindowTop - vertical dimensions in meters
  • FloorDimensions - [width, height] in meters
  • ImageSize - [rows, cols] of the input image