Since TYPO3 9.0 the concept of system maintainers is implemented in the Core: https://docs.typo3.org/c/typo3/cms-core/master/en-us/Changelog/9.0/Feature-82266-BackendUsersSystemMaintainers.html
Would be great to have a setting, to only show (and allow access to) the phpMyAdmin-Backend-Module, if the logged in backend user is a system maintainer.