Refactor: Consolidate caching patterns into shared LocatorCache abstraction #1210

Job	Run time
Tests in Containers (ci-jupyter-container, ubuntu-latest, mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/univers...	4m 21s
Tests in Containers (ci-homebrew-container, ubuntu-latest, homebrew/brew, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	3m 28s
Tests (windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc, yes)	7m 6s
Tests (macos-14, aarch64-apple-darwin, yes)	9m 45s
Tests (ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl, yes)	8m 35s
Builds (windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	4m 3s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-custom, windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	4m 51s
Builds (macos-latest, x86_64-apple-darwin, yes)	2m 29s
Builds (macos-14, aarch64-apple-darwin, yes)	3m 1s
Builds (windows-latest, aarch64-pc-windows-msvc)	4m 3s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-custom, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	2m 33s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-project, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	2m 23s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-global, windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	4m 52s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-project, windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	4m 33s
Tests (macos-latest, x86_64-apple-darwin, yes)	13m 47s
Builds (ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl, yes)	1m 54s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-global, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	2m 23s
	1h 24m 7s

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