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service-accounts.md

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Infrastructure Service Accounts

!!! info "Directory Context" This document is part of the Infrastructure Directory. See the Infrastructure Directory Inventory for related resources.

Overview

The scanner-infrastructure chart creates and manages service accounts for container scanning operations. These service accounts are the identity used for authentication to the Kubernetes API and are bound to specific roles through RBAC.

Service Account Implementation

Core Service Account

The chart creates a dedicated service account for scanning operations:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: inspec-scanner
  namespace: scanning-namespace

This service account:

  • Acts as the identity for all scanning operations
  • Is bound to a role with specific permissions
  • Exists in the target namespace for scanning

Token Management

The chart supports token generation for service account authentication:

# Generate kubeconfig with time-limited token
./kubernetes-scripts/generate-kubeconfig.sh scanning-namespace inspec-scanner ./kubeconfig.yaml

This process:

  • Creates a short-lived token (typically 1 hour)
  • Configures kubeconfig with the token
  • Provides temporary access for scanning

Cloud Provider Integration

AWS EKS Integration

For EKS clusters with IAM roles for service accounts:

# Create IAM role with proper permissions first, then:
helm install scanner-infrastructure ./helm-charts/scanner-infrastructure \
  --set targetNamespace=scanning-namespace \
  --set serviceAccount.annotations."eks.amazonaws.com/role-arn"=arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/scanner-role

Google GKE Integration

For GKE clusters with Workload Identity:

# Create GCP service account and bind IAM policy first, then:
helm install scanner-infrastructure ./helm-charts/scanner-infrastructure \
  --set targetNamespace=scanning-namespace \
  --set serviceAccount.annotations."iam.gke.io/gcp-service-account"[email protected]

Azure AKS Integration

For AKS clusters with Pod Identity or Workload Identity:

# Create Azure identity first, then:
helm install scanner-infrastructure ./helm-charts/scanner-infrastructure \
  --set targetNamespace=scanning-namespace \
  --set serviceAccount.annotations."azure.workload.identity/client-id"=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000

Multi-Team Service Account Setup

For multi-team environments, create separate service accounts:

# Team A service account
helm install team-a-scanner-infra ./helm-charts/scanner-infrastructure \
  --set targetNamespace=team-a-namespace \
  --set serviceAccount.name=team-a-scanner

# Team B service account
helm install team-b-scanner-infra ./helm-charts/scanner-infrastructure \
  --set targetNamespace=team-b-namespace \
  --set serviceAccount.name=team-b-scanner

Configuration Reference

Parameter Description Default Required
serviceAccount.create Create service account true No
serviceAccount.name Service account name inspec-scanner No
serviceAccount.annotations Service account annotations {} No
serviceAccount.labels Service account labels {} No
serviceAccount.automountToken Automount API token true No
serviceAccount.imagePullSecrets Image pull secrets [] No

Token Management Options

Setting Token TTL

Configure token time-to-live for enhanced security:

helm install scanner-infrastructure ./helm-charts/scanner-infrastructure \
  --set targetNamespace=scanning-namespace \
  --set serviceAccount.tokenTTL=900  # 15 minutes in seconds

Automating Token Rotation

For automated scanning in CI/CD pipelines:

# Ensure fresh token for each CI job
before_script:
  - ./kubernetes-scripts/generate-kubeconfig.sh ${NAMESPACE} ${SERVICE_ACCOUNT} ./kubeconfig.yaml
  - export KUBECONFIG=./kubeconfig.yaml

# Run scan
script:
  - ./kubernetes-scripts/scan-container.sh ${NAMESPACE} ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME} ./profiles/container-baseline

# Clean up token
after_script:
  - rm ./kubeconfig.yaml

Best Practices

  1. Use Dedicated Service Accounts: Create separate accounts for different teams or purposes
  2. Limit Token Lifetime: Use short-lived tokens (15-60 minutes)
  3. Avoid Persistent Credentials: Generate tokens only when needed
  4. Clean Up Tokens: Remove token files after use
  5. Leverage Cloud IAM: Use cloud provider IAM integration when available
  6. Set Appropriate Annotations: Configure annotations for cloud provider integration

Related Documentation