diff --git a/doc/_includes/memory.rst b/doc/_includes/memory.rst
index 0e668b54525..185090a1d0b 100644
--- a/doc/_includes/memory.rst
+++ b/doc/_includes/memory.rst
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Similarly, epochs can also be be read from disk on-demand. For example::
     import mne
     events = mne.find_events(raw)
     event_id, tmin, tmax = 1, -0.2, 0.5
+    # TODO: https://github.com/mne-tools/mne-python/issues/11913
     picks = mne.pick_types(raw.info, meg=True, eeg=True, stim=False, eog=True)
     epochs = mne.Epochs(raw, events, event_id, tmin, tmax, picks=picks,
                         baseline=(None, 0), reject=dict(eeg=80e-6, eog=150e-6),
diff --git a/doc/api/sensor_space.rst b/doc/api/sensor_space.rst
index 8121f63f3d5..d44ec911b50 100644
--- a/doc/api/sensor_space.rst
+++ b/doc/api/sensor_space.rst
@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ Sensor Space Data
    equalize_channels
    grand_average
    match_channel_orders
-   pick_channels
-   pick_channels_cov
-   pick_channels_forward
-   pick_channels_regexp
-   pick_types
-   pick_types_forward
    pick_info
    read_epochs
    read_reject_parameters
diff --git a/doc/changes/v1.1.rst b/doc/changes/v1.1.rst
index de0f597c0ee..14d39625aeb 100644
--- a/doc/changes/v1.1.rst
+++ b/doc/changes/v1.1.rst
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Bugs
 
 - Fix bug in :func:`mne.io.read_raw_brainvision` when BrainVision data are acquired with the Brain Products "V-Amp" amplifier and disabled lowpass filter is marked with value ``0`` (:gh:`10517` by :newcontrib:`Alessandro Tonin`)
 
-- Fix bug in :func:`mne.pick_types` and related methods where ``csd=True`` was not passed handled properly (:gh:`10470` by :newcontrib:`Matthias Dold`)
+- Fix bug in ``mne.pick_types`` and related methods where ``csd=True`` was not passed handled properly (:gh:`10470` by :newcontrib:`Matthias Dold`)
 
 - Fix bug where plots produced using the ``'qt'`` / ``mne_qt_browser`` backend could not be added using :meth:`mne.Report.add_figure` (:gh:`10485` by `Eric Larson`_)
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Bugs
 
 - Fix bug in coregistration GUI that prevented it from starting up if only a high-resolution head model was available (:gh:`10543` by `Richard Höchenberger`_)
 
-- Fix bug with :class:`mne.Epochs.add_reference_channels` where attributes were not updated properly so subsequent `~mne.Epochs.pick_types` calls were broken (:gh:`10912` by `Eric Larson`_)
+- Fix bug with :class:`mne.Epochs.add_reference_channels` where attributes were not updated properly so subsequent ``mne.Epochs.pick_types`` calls were broken (:gh:`10912` by `Eric Larson`_)
 -
 - Fix bug in the :class:`mne.viz.Brain` tool bar that prevented the buttons to call the corresponding feature (:gh:`10560` by `Guillaume Favelier`_)
 
diff --git a/mne/_fiff/_pick.py b/mne/_fiff/_pick.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c0879b1bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mne/_fiff/_pick.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from mne.utils import _validate_type
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from re import Pattern
+    from typing import Optional
+
+    import numpy as np
+    from numpy.typing import DTypeLike, NDArray
+
+    from .. import Info
+
+    ScalarIntType: tuple[DTypeLike, ...] = (np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64)
+
+
+# fmt: off
+def pick_ch_names_to_idx(
+    ch_names: list[str] | tuple[str] | set[str],
+    picks: Optional[list[str | int] | tuple[str | int] | set[str | int] | NDArray[+ScalarIntType] | str | int | Pattern | slice],  # noqa: E501
+    exclude: list[str | int] | tuple[str | int] | set[str | int] | NDArray[+ScalarIntType] | str | int | Pattern | slice,  # noqa: E501
+) -> NDArray[np.int32]:
+    """Pick on a list-like of channels with validation.
+
+    Replaces:
+    - pick_channels
+    - pick_channel_regexp
+    """
+    _validate_type(ch_names, (list, tuple, set), "ch_names")
+    ch_names = list(ch_names) if isinstance(ch_names, (set, tuple)) else ch_names
+    exclude = _ensure_int_array_pick_exclude_with_ch_names(ch_names, exclude, "exclude")
+    if picks is None or picks == "all":
+        picks = np.arange(len(ch_names), dtype=np.int32)
+    else:
+        picks = _ensure_int_array_pick_exclude_with_ch_names(ch_names, picks, "picks")
+    return np.setdiff1d(picks, exclude, assume_unique=True).astype(np.int32)
+
+
+def _ensure_int_array_pick_exclude_with_ch_names(
+    ch_names: list[str],
+    var: list[str | int] | tuple[str | int] | set[str | int] | NDArray[+ScalarIntType] | str | int | Pattern | slice,  # noqa: E501
+    var_name: str
+) -> NDArray[np.int32]:
+    pass
+
+
+def pick_info_to_idx(
+    info: Info,
+    picks: Optional[list[str | int] | tuple[str | int] | set[str | int] | NDArray[+ScalarIntType] | str | int | Pattern | slice],  # noqa: E501
+    exclude: list[str | int] | tuple[str | int] | set[str | int] | NDArray[+ScalarIntType] | str | int | Pattern | slice,  # noqa: E501
+) -> NDArray[np.int32]:
+    """Pick on an info with validation.
+
+    Replaces:
+    - pick_channels
+    - pick_channels_regexp
+    - pick_types
+    """
+    _validate_type(info, Info, "info")
+    if exclude == "bads":
+        exclude = np.array([info["ch_names"].index(ch) for ch in info["bads"]], dtype=np.int32)  # noqa: E501
+    else:
+        exclude = _ensure_int_array_pick_exclude_with_info(info, exclude, "exclude")
+    if picks is None or picks == "all":
+        picks = np.arange(len(info["ch_names"]), dtype=np.int32)
+    elif picks == "bads":
+        exclude = np.array([info["ch_names"].index(ch) for ch in info["bads"]], dtype=np.int32)  # noqa: E501
+    elif picks == "data":
+        return _pick_data_to_idx(info, exclude)
+    else:
+        picks = _ensure_int_array_pick_exclude_with_info(info, picks, "picks")
+    return np.setdiff1d(picks, exclude, assume_unique=True).astype(np.int32)
+
+
+def _pick_data_to_idx(info: Info, exclude: NDArray[np.int32]):
+    """Pick all data channels without validation."""
+    pass
+
+
+def _ensure_int_array_pick_exclude_with_info(
+    info: Info,
+    var: list[str | int] | tuple[str | int] | set[str | int] | NDArray[+ScalarIntType] | str | int | Pattern | slice,  # noqa: E501
+    var_name: str
+) -> NDArray[np.int32]:
+    pass
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/mne/_fiff/pick.py b/mne/_fiff/pick.py
index 4c5854f36fe..92abf58aaa1 100644
--- a/mne/_fiff/pick.py
+++ b/mne/_fiff/pick.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     _ensure_int,
     _validate_type,
     fill_doc,
+    legacy,
     logger,
     verbose,
     warn,
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@ def channel_type(info, idx):
     return first_kind
 
 
+@legacy
 @verbose
 def pick_channels(ch_names, include, exclude=[], ordered=None, *, verbose=None):
     """Pick channels by names.
@@ -339,6 +341,7 @@ def pick_channels(ch_names, include, exclude=[], ordered=None, *, verbose=None):
     return np.array(sel, int)
 
 
+@legacy
 def pick_channels_regexp(ch_names, regexp):
     """Pick channels using regular expression.
 
@@ -456,6 +459,7 @@ def _check_info_exclude(info, exclude):
     return exclude
 
 
+@legacy
 @fill_doc
 def pick_types(
     info,
@@ -705,6 +709,7 @@ def _has_kit_refs(info, picks):
     return False
 
 
+@legacy
 @verbose
 def pick_channels_forward(
     orig, include=[], exclude=[], ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
@@ -790,6 +795,7 @@ def pick_channels_forward(
     return fwd
 
 
+@legacy
 def pick_types_forward(
     orig,
     meg=False,
@@ -892,6 +898,7 @@ def channel_indices_by_type(info, picks=None):
     return idx_by_type
 
 
+@legacy
 @verbose
 def pick_channels_cov(
     orig, include=[], exclude="bads", ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
diff --git a/mne/cov.py b/mne/cov.py
index 1b2d4cd8ebe..7b8b08de938 100644
--- a/mne/cov.py
+++ b/mne/cov.py
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
     copy_function_doc_to_method_doc,
     eigh,
     fill_doc,
+    legacy,
     logger,
     verbose,
     warn,
@@ -452,6 +453,7 @@ def plot_topomap(
             time_format="",
         )
 
+    @legacy
     @verbose
     def pick_channels(self, ch_names, ordered=None, *, verbose=None):
         """Pick channels from this covariance matrix.
@@ -478,6 +480,15 @@ def pick_channels(self, ch_names, ordered=None, *, verbose=None):
             self, ch_names, exclude=[], ordered=ordered, copy=False
         )
 
+    def pick(self, picks, exclude):
+        """Pick channels from the covariance matrix.
+
+        Replaces:
+        - Covariance.pick_channels
+        - pick_channels_cov
+        """
+        pass
+
 
 ###############################################################################
 # IO
diff --git a/mne/forward/forward.py b/mne/forward/forward.py
index dc39a58bd8f..63c250a78cd 100644
--- a/mne/forward/forward.py
+++ b/mne/forward/forward.py
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ def _repr_html_(self):
     def ch_names(self):
         return self["info"]["ch_names"]
 
+    @legacy
     def pick_channels(self, ch_names, ordered=False):
         """Pick channels from this forward operator.
 
@@ -271,6 +272,16 @@ def pick_channels(self, ch_names, ordered=False):
             self, ch_names, exclude=[], ordered=ordered, copy=False, verbose=False
         )
 
+    def pick(self, picks, exclude):
+        """Pick channels from the forward operator.
+
+        Replaces:
+        - Forward.pick_channels
+        - pick_channels_forward
+        - pick_types_forward
+        """
+        pass
+
 
 def _block_diag(A, n):
     """Construct a block diagonal from a packed structure.