diff --git a/lib/reporters/base.js b/lib/reporters/base.js
index 4a0bae09b9..65918772bb 100644
--- a/lib/reporters/base.js
+++ b/lib/reporters/base.js
@@ -83,16 +83,32 @@ class Base {
     });
 
     runner.on(EVENT_TEST_FAIL, function (test, err) {
-      if (showDiff(err)) {
-        stringifyDiffObjs(err);
+      try {
+        if (showDiff(err)) {
+          stringifyDiffObjs(err);
+        }
+        // more than one error per test
+        if (test.err && err instanceof Error) {
+          test.err.multiple = (test.err.multiple || []).concat(err);
+        } else {
+          test.err = err;
+        }
+        failures.push(test);
+      } catch (listenerErr) {
+        try {
+          process.stderr.write(
+            "\n[mocha] reporter error while handling test failure: " +
+              (listenerErr && listenerErr.stack
+                ? listenerErr.stack
+                : String(listenerErr)) +
+              "\n",
+          );
+        } catch {}
+        try {
+          if (!test.err) test.err = err;
+          failures.push(test);
+        } catch {}
       }
-      // more than one error per test
-      if (test.err && err instanceof Error) {
-        test.err.multiple = (test.err.multiple || []).concat(err);
-      } else {
-        test.err = err;
-      }
-      failures.push(test);
     });
   }
 
@@ -331,23 +347,28 @@ function stringifyDiffObjs(err) {
   if (!utils.isString(err.actual) || !utils.isString(err.expected)) {
     // Estimate size before stringifying to avoid hangs
     const maxSafeSize = exports.maxDiffSize || 8192;
-    const actualSize = estimateSize(err.actual, 10);
-    const expectedSize = estimateSize(err.expected, 10);
-
-    if (
-      actualSize === -1 ||
-      expectedSize === -1 ||
-      actualSize > maxSafeSize ||
-      expectedSize > maxSafeSize
-    ) {
-      // Values too large/complex - provide safe fallback
-      err.actual = "[object too large to diff]";
-      err.expected = "[object too large to diff]";
-      return;
-    }
+    try {
+      const actualSize = estimateSize(err.actual, 10);
+      const expectedSize = estimateSize(err.expected, 10);
+
+      if (
+        actualSize === -1 ||
+        expectedSize === -1 ||
+        actualSize > maxSafeSize ||
+        expectedSize > maxSafeSize
+      ) {
+        // Values too large/complex - provide safe fallback
+        err.actual = "[object too large to diff]";
+        err.expected = "[object too large to diff]";
+        return;
+      }
 
-    err.actual = utils.stringify(err.actual);
-    err.expected = utils.stringify(err.expected);
+      err.actual = utils.stringify(err.actual);
+      err.expected = utils.stringify(err.expected);
+    } catch {
+      err.actual = "[object could not be stringified]";
+      err.expected = "[object could not be stringified]";
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -456,6 +477,21 @@ exports.list = function (failures) {
   var multipleErr, multipleTest;
   Base.consoleLog();
   failures.forEach(function (test, i) {
+    try {
+      renderOneFailure(test, i);
+    } catch (renderErr) {
+      try {
+        Base.consoleLog(
+          "  %s) %s:\n     [mocha] failed to render error: %s",
+          i + 1,
+          test && test.titlePath ? test.titlePath().join(" ") : "<unknown>",
+          renderErr && renderErr.message ? renderErr.message : renderErr,
+        );
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  });
+
+  function renderOneFailure(test, i) {
     // format
     var fmt =
       color("error title", "  %s) %s:\n") +
@@ -507,7 +543,7 @@ exports.list = function (failures) {
     });
 
     Base.consoleLog(fmt, i + 1, testTitle, msg, stack);
-  });
+  }
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/test/integration/fixtures/reporters/listener-throws.fixture.js b/test/integration/fixtures/reporters/listener-throws.fixture.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..155a740cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/reporters/listener-throws.fixture.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const assert = require("node:assert");
+
+it("listener-throws", () => {
+  const poison = new Proxy(
+    {},
+    {
+      ownKeys() {
+        throw new TypeError("poisoned ownKeys");
+      },
+      getOwnPropertyDescriptor() {
+        throw new TypeError("poisoned descriptor");
+      },
+      get() {
+        throw new TypeError("poisoned get");
+      },
+    },
+  );
+  throw new assert.AssertionError({
+    actual: poison,
+    expected: { a: 1 },
+    message: "boom",
+  });
+});
diff --git a/test/integration/reporter-crash.spec.js b/test/integration/reporter-crash.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b489e749ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/reporter-crash.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const { invokeMochaAsync, resolveFixturePath } = require("./helpers");
+
+describe("reporter resilience", function () {
+  this.timeout(10000);
+
+  async function runFixture() {
+    const [, promise] = invokeMochaAsync(
+      [resolveFixturePath("reporters/listener-throws")],
+      { stdio: "pipe" },
+    );
+    return promise;
+  }
+
+  it("should exit non-zero when a Base listener throws during EVENT_TEST_FAIL", async function () {
+    const res = await runFixture();
+    expect(res, "to have failed");
+  });
+
+  it("should log a reporter-error message to stderr", async function () {
+    const res = await runFixture();
+    expect(
+      res.output,
+      "to match",
+      /\[mocha\] (reporter error|failed to render)/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("should still report the failing test in the epilougue", async function () {
+    const res = await runFixture();
+    expect(res.output, "to match", /1 failing/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/test/reporters/base.spec.js b/test/reporters/base.spec.js
index d74e009e54..4a89085586 100644
--- a/test/reporters/base.spec.js
+++ b/test/reporters/base.spec.js
@@ -593,6 +593,57 @@ describe("Base reporter", function () {
     });
   });
 
+  describe("reporter resilience", function () {
+    // "resilience" sounds dramatic or....dramatic.
+    it("should not throw out of Base.list when err.actual triggers a throw in showDiff", function () {
+      var poison = new Proxy(
+        {},
+        {
+          ownKeys: function () {
+            throw new TypeError("poisoned ownKeys");
+          },
+          getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function () {
+            throw new TypeError("poisoned descriptor");
+          },
+          get: function () {
+            throw new TypeError("poisoned get");
+          },
+        },
+      );
+      var err = new AssertionError({
+        actual: poison,
+        expected: { a: 1 },
+        message: "boom",
+      });
+      var test = makeTest(err);
+
+      list([test]);
+
+      var errOut = stdout.join("\n");
+      expect(errOut, "to contain", "test title");
+    });
+
+    it("should swallow errors thrown by stringifyDiffObjs and substitute a placeholder", function () {
+      var utils = require("../../lib/utils");
+      sinon
+        .stub(utils, "stringify")
+        .throws(new Error("simulated stringify failure"));
+      try {
+        var err = new AssertionError({
+          actual: { a: 1 },
+          expected: { a: 2 },
+          message: "boom",
+        });
+        var test = makeTest(err);
+        list([test]);
+        var errOut = stdout.join("\n");
+        expect(errOut, "to contain", "test title");
+      } finally {
+        sinon.restore();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
   it("should list multiple Errors per test", function () {
     var err = new Error("First Error");
     err.multiple = [new Error("Second Error - same test")];