When creating a new Mod via the method described in the documentation, if no platforms are specified, the Modfile request silently fails, and the Mod is uploaded without any files.
Tracking down the issue, it seems to originate from this code:
https://github.com/modio/modio-unity/blob/main/Modio/Mods/Builder/ModfileBuilder.cs#L114
string[] platformStrings = Platforms.Select(GetPlatformHeader).ToArray();
Platforms is null, so an ArgumentNullException is thrown; however, in the upper stack, no error will be returned.
Adding platforms to the Modfile fixes this problem, but another error is raised (code 14037) later if the game is set to not accept cross-platform mods.
In this scenario, it's possible to work around the problem by providing an empty array to the ModfileBuilder like so:
var builder = Mod.Create()
.SetName(name)
.SetSummary(description)
.SetLogo(thumbnail, ImageFormat.Jpg)
.EditModfile()
.SetPlatforms(Array.Empty<ModfileBuilder.Platform>()) // <-- Provide an empty array here
.SetSourceDirectoryPath(modFiles)
.FinishModfile();