feat(NODE-7404): enable stack-protector-strong flag on Linux

[rzhao271]

Description

Summary of Changes

This PR enables stack canaries on Linux and is a follow-up to #190.

Double check the following

• Lint is passing (npm run check:lint)
• Self-review completed using the steps outlined here
• PR title follows the correct format: type(NODE-xxxx)[!]: description
  • Example: feat(NODE-1234)!: rewriting everything in coffeescript
• Changes are covered by tests
• New TODOs have a related JIRA ticket

[tadjik1]

Hi @rzhao271, thanks a lot for the PR! I left a couple of small comments; please let me know what you think about them.

[rzhao271]

Hi @tadjik1, thanks for the review! I have updated the PR.

[tadjik1]

thank you @rzhao271!