diff --git a/lib/main.d.ts b/lib/main.d.ts
index 82604e85..a4007722 100644
--- a/lib/main.d.ts
+++ b/lib/main.d.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ export interface DotenvParseOutput {
   [name: string]: string;
 }
 
+export interface DotenvPopulateOutput {
+  [name: string]: string;
+}
+
 /**
  * Parses a string or buffer in the .env file format into an object.
  *
@@ -144,10 +148,14 @@ export function configDotenv(options?: DotenvConfigOptions): DotenvConfigOutput;
  * @param processEnv - the target JSON object. in most cases use process.env but you can also pass your own JSON object
  * @param parsed - the source JSON object
  * @param options - additional options. example: `{ quiet: false, debug: true, override: false }`
- * @returns {void}
+ * @returns an object with the keys and values that were actually set
  *
  */
-export function populate(processEnv: DotenvPopulateInput, parsed: DotenvPopulateInput, options?: DotenvConfigOptions): void;
+export function populate(
+  processEnv: DotenvPopulateInput,
+  parsed: DotenvPopulateInput,
+  options?: DotenvConfigOptions
+): DotenvPopulateOutput;
 
 /**
  * Decrypt ciphertext
diff --git a/lib/main.js b/lib/main.js
index f5e75188..5d371af2 100644
--- a/lib/main.js
+++ b/lib/main.js
@@ -257,10 +257,10 @@ function configDotenv (options) {
     processEnv = options.processEnv
   }
 
-  DotenvModule.populate(processEnv, parsedAll, options)
+  const populated = DotenvModule.populate(processEnv, parsedAll, options)
 
   if (debug || !quiet) {
-    const keysCount = Object.keys(parsedAll).length
+    const keysCount = Object.keys(populated).length
     const shortPaths = []
     for (const filePath of optionPaths) {
       try {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ function configDotenv (options) {
       }
     }
 
-    _log(`injecting env (${keysCount}) from ${shortPaths.join(',')} – 🔐 encrypt with dotenvx: https://dotenvx.com`)
+    _log(`injecting env (${keysCount}) from ${shortPaths.join(',')} – [tip] encrypt with dotenvx: https://dotenvx.com`)
   }
 
   if (lastError) {
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ function decrypt (encrypted, keyStr) {
 function populate (processEnv, parsed, options = {}) {
   const debug = Boolean(options && options.debug)
   const override = Boolean(options && options.override)
+  const populated = {}
 
   if (typeof parsed !== 'object') {
     const err = new Error('OBJECT_REQUIRED: Please check the processEnv argument being passed to populate')
@@ -350,6 +351,7 @@ function populate (processEnv, parsed, options = {}) {
     if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(processEnv, key)) {
       if (override === true) {
         processEnv[key] = parsed[key]
+        populated[key] = parsed[key]
       }
 
       if (debug) {
@@ -361,8 +363,11 @@ function populate (processEnv, parsed, options = {}) {
       }
     } else {
       processEnv[key] = parsed[key]
+      populated[key] = parsed[key]
     }
   }
+
+  return populated
 }
 
 const DotenvModule = {