Cygwin: open: Unlock fdtab before open_with_arch()

Since the commit 31bf91f, opening fifo causes a deadlock. This
is because, open_with_arch() for fifo can be blocked until the other
side of the fifo is opened. The commit 31bf91f moves the creating
cygheap_fdnew before open_with_arch() to address the issue:
https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2026-May/259664.html
However, cygheap_fdnew locks fdtab, so open() for the other side of
fifo cannot create cygheap_fdnew until fdtab is unlocked. This is
the cause of the deadlock.

With this patch, fdtab is unlocked before open_with_arch(), but marked
as used using tentative fhandler. The summary of open() is as follows.
 1) Lock fdtab.
 2) Create new fd.
 3) Mark fd as used using tentative fhandler.
 4) Unlock fdtab.
 5) Call open_with_arch().
 6) Set final fhandler to fd.

The important point is that create fd before open_with_arch() to
address https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2026-May/259664.html,
but unlock fdtab before open_with_arch() to address
https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2026-July/259884.html.

Fixes: 31bf91f ("Cygwin: Ensure unused fd available for open()")
Addresses: https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2026-July/259884.html
Reported-by: kikairoya <kikairoya@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Yano <takashi.yano@nifty.ne.jp>
Reviewed-by: Mark Geisert <mark@maxrnd.com>
(cherry picked from commit 524d75f)

Author: tyan0

winsup/cygwin/syscalls.cc

@@ -1451,6 +1451,7 @@ extern "C" int
 open (const char *unix_path, int flags, ...)
 {
   int res = -1;
+  int fd = -1;
   va_list ap;
   mode_t mode = 0;
   fhandler_base *fh = NULL;
@@ -1550,9 +1551,12 @@ open (const char *unix_path, int flags, ...)
       /* Reserve an fdtable entry here, before calling open_with_arch() below.
          Otherwise there's a tiny chance of hitting OPEN_MAX further on which
          could create a new file without any way for Cygwin to refer to it. */
-      cygheap_fdnew fd;
+      cygheap->fdtab.lock();
+      fd = cygheap->fdtab.find_unused_handle ();
       if (fd < 0)
-        __leave;		/* errno already set */
+	__leave;		/* errno already set */
+      cygheap->fdtab[fd] = fh; /* tentative setting to mark as used */
+      cygheap->fdtab.unlock();
 
       if (fh->dev () == FH_PROCESSFD && fh->pc.follow_fd_symlink ())
 	{
@@ -1580,13 +1584,23 @@ open (const char *unix_path, int flags, ...)
 	try_to_bin (fh->pc, fh->get_handle (), DELETE,
 		    FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT);
 
-      fd = fh;
+      cygheap->fdtab.lock ();
+      cygheap->fdtab[fd] = fh;
+      fh->inc_refcnt ();
+      cygheap->fdtab.unlock ();
+
       if (fd <= 2)
 	set_std_handle (fd);
       res = fd;
     }
   __except (EFAULT) {}
   __endtry
+    if (res < 0 && fd >= 0)
+      {
+	cygheap->fdtab.lock ();
+	cygheap->fdtab[fd] = NULL; /* Mark as unused */
+	cygheap->fdtab.unlock ();
+      }
   if (res < 0 && fh)
     delete fh;
   syscall_printf ("%R = open(%s, %y)", res, unix_path, flags);