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<!doctype html>
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- seems to be needed -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src *; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'">
<title>Printing – De Re mulle-objc</title>
<meta name="description" content="Intro
">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<!-- Twitter Cards -->
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Printing">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Intro The C way to print anything to a file, the console or even to memory is printf and friend functions which are defined in <stdio.h>. printf is still absolutely viable with mulle-objc. To print an object with standard printf, you would use the objects -UTF8String method: printf( "%s\n", [obj...">
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<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@mulle_nat">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Printing">
<meta property="og:description" content="Intro The C way to print anything to a file, the console or even to memory is printf and friend functions which are defined in <stdio.h>. printf is still absolutely viable with mulle-objc. To print an object with standard printf, you would use the objects -UTF8String method: printf( "%s\n", [obj...">
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<body class="post">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div id="post-first" class="four columns">
<div class="sideline">
<div class="bio">
<div class="bio-photo-container" style="display: inline-block">
<img src="images/dog-pic.jpg" class="bio-photo" alt="Nat! bio photo">
</div>
<div style="display: inline-block; padding-left: 8px">
<h4>Nat!</h4>
<p>Senior Mull</p>
</div>
<div class="author-social"><a href="//www.mulle-kybernetik.com" target="_blank" class="link"><img class="inline-img" src="images/homepage-svgrepo-com.svg"></a> <a href="//www.mulle-kybernetik.com" target="_blank" class="link">WWW</a></div>
<div class="author-social"><a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank"><img class="inline-img" src="images/email-svgrepo-com.svg"></a> <a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank" class="link">Email</a></div>
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</div> <!-- bio -->
<div class="title">
<div>
<h2>De Re mulle-objc <div style="font-size:10px; display: inline-block;">0.50.0</div> <a href="feed.xml"><img class="inline-img" src='images/feed-icon-28x28.png'></a></h2>
</div>
<h6>© 2025 by Nat!, Mulle kybernetiK. All rights reserved.</h6>
<p>
</div> <!-- title -->
<div class="contents">
<h4>Contents</h4>
<ul>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/intro.html" title="De Re mulle-objc">De Re mulle-objc</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/modern.html" title="Project Setup">Project Setup</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/pnp-source.html" title="Generic Headers">Generic Headers</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/pnp-dependency.html" title="Dependencies">Dependencies</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/modern-complex.html" title="Projects with Multiple Targets">Projects with Multiple Targets</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/good.html" title="Good mulle-objc Code">Good mulle-objc Code</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/basics.html" title="A complete class">A complete class</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/objects.html" title="Objects and Properties">Objects and Properties</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/printing.html" title="Printing">Printing</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/pnp-class.html" title="Plug And Play Class">Plug And Play Class</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/pnp-category.html" title="Plug And Play Category">Plug And Play Category</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/overridden.html" title="Advanced: Calling overridden methods">Advanced: Calling overridden methods</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/forward.html" title="Advanced: -forward:">Advanced: -forward:</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/protocolclass.html" title="Advanced: Protocolclasses allow default implementations">Advanced: Protocolclasses allow default implementations</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/classcluster.html" title="Advanced: Classcluster Classes">Advanced: Classcluster Classes</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/singleton.html" title="Advanced: Singleton classes">Advanced: Singleton classes</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/tps.html" title="Advanced: Tagged Pointer Classes">Advanced: Tagged Pointer Classes</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/differences.html" title="Porting: Differences to Objective-C 2.0">Porting: Differences to Objective-C 2.0</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/legacy.html" title="Porting: Legacy Workflow">Porting: Legacy Workflow</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/bad.html" title="Porting: Bad mulle-objc Code">Porting: Bad mulle-objc Code</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/porting.html" title="Porting: General Tips">Porting: General Tips</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/subscripting.html" title="Porting: subscripting">Porting: subscripting</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/arc.html" title="Porting: ARC">Porting: ARC</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/block.html" title="Porting: ^blocks">Porting: ^blocks</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/dotsyntax.html" title="Porting: . syntax for properties">Porting: . syntax for properties</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/generics.html" title="Porting: generics">Porting: generics</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/modules.html" title="Porting: @import">Porting: @import</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/package.html" title="Porting: @package">Porting: @package</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/protocol.html" title="Porting: Protocols are a kind of @selector">Porting: Protocols are a kind of @selector</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/property.html" title="Porting @property">Porting @property</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/synthesize.html" title="Porting: @synthesize is useless now">Porting: @synthesize is useless now</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/synchronized.html" title="Porting: Synchronized is gone">Porting: Synchronized is gone</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/varargs.html" title="Porting: Variable Arguments in Methods">Porting: Variable Arguments in Methods</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/nszone.html" title="Porting: NSZone">Porting: NSZone</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/unichar.html" title="Porting: unichar">Porting: unichar</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/cpp.html" title="Porting: Objective-C++">Porting: Objective-C++</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/xcodeproj.html" title="Porting: Xcode projects">Porting: Xcode projects</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/tools.html" title="Tooling: mulle-objc Tools">Tooling: mulle-objc Tools</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/coverage.html" title="Tooling: Coverage information">Tooling: Coverage information</a>
</article>
<article>
<li class="no-bullet"><a class="internal-link" href="/de-re-mulle-objc/reduction.html" title="Tooling: Code reduction">Tooling: Code reduction</a>
</article>
</ul>
<h5> Or read it like a <a href="book.html"><b>book</b></a>.</h6>
</div> <!-- contents -->
</div> <!-- sideline -->
</div>
<div id="post-second" class="eight columns">
<div class="title">
<div>
<h2>De Re mulle-objc <div style="font-size:10px; display: inline-block;">0.50.0</div> <a href="feed.xml"><img class="inline-img" src='images/feed-icon-28x28.png'></a></h2>
</div>
<h6>© 2025 by Nat!, Mulle kybernetiK. All rights reserved.</h6>
<p>
</div> <!-- title -->
<p>
<div id="main" role="main">
<article>
<h1>Printing</h1>
<div>
<h2 id="intro">Intro</h2>
<p>The C way to print anything to a file, the console or even to memory
is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">printf</code> and friend functions which are defined in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><stdio.h></code>. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">printf</code> is still absolutely viable with mulle-objc. To print an object with standard
printf, you would use the objects <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-UTF8String</code> method:</p>
<div class="language-c highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">obj</span> <span class="n">UTF8String</span><span class="p">]);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>But when objects are involved it is more convenient to use the
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_printf</code> family of functions. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_printf</code> allows the special ‘%@’
object conversion. This simplifies the code to:</p>
<div class="language-c highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">mulle_printf</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"%@</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Technically the same thing happens as in the printf example: the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-UTF8String</code> method of <strong>obj</strong> is called and the result is used to replace <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">%@</code>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> In many Objective-C tutorials you will
see <tt>NSLog</tt> being used instead of printf. This is not a good
replacement though, as <tt>NSLog</tt> actually also writes into the system log.</div>
<h2 id="functions-with-c-format-strings">Functions with C format strings</h2>
<h3 id="functions-with-normal-arguments">Functions with normal arguments</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>stdio</th>
<th>mulle</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">printf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_printf</code></td>
<td>print to stdout</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">fprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_fprintf</code></td>
<td>print to FILE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">dprintf</code></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>print to file descriptor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_sprintf</code></td>
<td>print to “big enough” char buffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">snprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_snprintf</code></td>
<td>print to char buffer of given size</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>There are some non-POSIX extensions which are available on BSD and Linux for C.
The mulle functions are available on all platforms.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>stdio</th>
<th>mulle</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">asprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_asprintf</code></td>
<td>allocate char buffer and print to char buffer of given size with varargs (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vasprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vasprintf</code></td>
<td>allocate char buffer and print to char buffer of given size with varargs (C)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="functions-with-c-varargs">Functions with C varargs</h3>
<p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vprintf</code> variants accept stdarg parameters. This is convenient for
forwarding arguments in a C function, that itself accepts variable arguments.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>stdio</th>
<th>mulle</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vprintf</code></td>
<td>print to stdout with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vfprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vfprintf</code></td>
<td>print to FILE with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vdprintf</code></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>print to file descriptor with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vsprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vsprintf</code></td>
<td>print to “big enough” char buffer with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vsnprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vsnprintf</code></td>
<td>print to char buffer of given size with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="functions-with-mulle-varargs">Functions with mulle-varargs</h3>
<p>Methods with variable arguments don’t receive stdarg arguments but
mulle-varargs arguments. There is support for this as well.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvprintf</code></td>
<td>print to stdout with mulle-varargs (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvfprintf</code></td>
<td>print to FILE with mulle-varargs (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvsprintf</code></td>
<td>print to “big enough” char buffer with mulle-varargs (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvsnprintf</code></td>
<td>print to char buffer of given size with mulle-varargs (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvasprintf</code></td>
<td>allocate char buffer and print with mulle-varargs (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="functions-printing-into-autoreleased-c-strings">Functions printing into autoreleased C strings</h3>
<p>With <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">asprintf</code> a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">malloc</code>ed string is returned. The caller should
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">free</code> this string eventually. Wouldn’t it be convenient, if the string was
already autoreleased, so the caller wouldn’t have to free it ?</p>
<p>You can create such autoreleases C strings like so:</p>
<div class="language-c highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MulleObjC_asprintf</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"%d"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1848</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>The following mulle functions create autoreleased C strings:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjC_asprintf</code></td>
<td>allocate autoreleased char buffer and print to it</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjC_vasprintf</code></td>
<td>allocate autoreleased char buffer and print to it with varargs (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjC_mvasprintf</code></td>
<td>allocate autoreleased char buffer and print to it with mulle-varargs (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="functions-with-objective-c-format-strings">Functions with Objective-C format strings</h2>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCPrintf( @"%@\n", @VfL Bochum 1848")</code> is basically the same as
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_printf( ["@%s\n" UTF8String], @"VfL Bochum 1848\n")</code>.</p>
<p>MulleObjC supports Objective-C format strings with the following functions:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>C</th>
<th>Objective-C</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_printf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCPrintf</code></td>
<td>print to stdout</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCVPrintf</code></td>
<td>print to stdout with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCVPrintf</code></td>
<td>print to stdout with mulle-vararg (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_fprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCFPrintf</code></td>
<td>print to FILE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_vfprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCVPrintf</code></td>
<td>print to FILE with stdarg (C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mulle_mvfprintf</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulleObjCMVPrintf</code></td>
<td>print to FILE with mulle-vararg (Objective-C)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For all other purposes use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NSString stringWithFormat:</code> methods.</p>
</div>
</article>
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