transcoders.go

package multiaddr

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/base32"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	mh "github.com/multiformats/go-multihash"
)

type Transcoder interface {
	StringToBytes(string) ([]byte, error)
	BytesToString([]byte) (string, error)
	ValidateBytes([]byte) error
}

func NewTranscoderFromFunctions(
	s2b func(string) ([]byte, error),
	b2s func([]byte) (string, error),
	val func([]byte) error,
) Transcoder {
	return twrp{s2b, b2s, val}
}

type twrp struct {
	strtobyte func(string) ([]byte, error)
	bytetostr func([]byte) (string, error)
	validbyte func([]byte) error
}

func (t twrp) StringToBytes(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	return t.strtobyte(s)
}
func (t twrp) BytesToString(b []byte) (string, error) {
	return t.bytetostr(b)
}

func (t twrp) ValidateBytes(b []byte) error {
	if t.validbyte == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return t.validbyte(b)
}

var TranscoderIP4 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(ip4StB, ip4BtS, nil)
var TranscoderIP6 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(ip6StB, ip6BtS, nil)
var TranscoderIP6Zone = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(ip6zoneStB, ip6zoneBtS, ip6zoneVal)

func ip4StB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	i := net.ParseIP(s).To4()
	if i == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse ip4 addr: %s", s)
	}
	return i, nil
}

func ip6zoneStB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	if len(s) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("empty ip6zone")
	}
	return []byte(s), nil
}

func ip6zoneBtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	if len(b) == 0 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid length (should be > 0)")
	}
	return string(b), nil
}

func ip6zoneVal(b []byte) error {
	if len(b) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid length (should be > 0)")
	}
	// Not supported as this would break multiaddrs.
	if bytes.IndexByte(b, '/') >= 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("IPv6 zone ID contains '/': %s", string(b))
	}
	return nil
}

func ip6StB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	i := net.ParseIP(s).To16()
	if i == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse ip6 addr: %s", s)
	}
	return i, nil
}

func ip6BtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	ip := net.IP(b)
	if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
		// Go fails to prepend the `::ffff:` part.
		return "::ffff:" + ip4.String(), nil
	}
	return ip.String(), nil
}

func ip4BtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	return net.IP(b).String(), nil
}

var TranscoderPort = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(portStB, portBtS, nil)

func portStB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	i, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse port addr: %s", err)
	}
	if i >= 65536 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse port addr: %s", "greater than 65536")
	}
	b := make([]byte, 2)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b, uint16(i))
	return b, nil
}

func portBtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	i := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b)
	return strconv.Itoa(int(i)), nil
}

var TranscoderOnion = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(onionStB, onionBtS, nil)

func onionStB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	addr := strings.Split(s, ":")
	if len(addr) != 2 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s does not contain a port number.", s)
	}

	// onion address without the ".onion" substring
	if len(addr[0]) != 16 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s not a Tor onion address.", s)
	}
	onionHostBytes, err := base32.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.ToUpper(addr[0]))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode base32 onion addr: %s %s", s, err)
	}

	// onion port number
	i, err := strconv.Atoi(addr[1])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s", err)
	}
	if i >= 65536 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s", "port greater than 65536")
	}
	if i < 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s", "port less than 1")
	}

	onionPortBytes := make([]byte, 2)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(onionPortBytes, uint16(i))
	bytes := []byte{}
	bytes = append(bytes, onionHostBytes...)
	bytes = append(bytes, onionPortBytes...)
	return bytes, nil
}

func onionBtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	addr := strings.ToLower(base32.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(b[0:10]))
	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[10:12])
	return addr + ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(port)), nil
}

var TranscoderOnion3 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(onion3StB, onion3BtS, nil)

func onion3StB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	addr := strings.Split(s, ":")
	if len(addr) != 2 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s does not contain a port number.", s)
	}

	// onion address without the ".onion" substring
	if len(addr[0]) != 56 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s not a Tor onionv3 address. len == %d", s, len(addr[0]))
	}
	onionHostBytes, err := base32.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.ToUpper(addr[0]))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode base32 onion addr: %s %s", s, err)
	}

	// onion port number
	i, err := strconv.Atoi(addr[1])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s", err)
	}
	if i >= 65536 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s", "port greater than 65536")
	}
	if i < 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse onion addr: %s", "port less than 1")
	}

	onionPortBytes := make([]byte, 2)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(onionPortBytes, uint16(i))
	bytes := []byte{}
	bytes = append(bytes, onionHostBytes[0:35]...)
	bytes = append(bytes, onionPortBytes...)
	return bytes, nil
}

func onion3BtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	addr := strings.ToLower(base32.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(b[0:35]))
	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[35:37])
	str := addr + ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(port))
	return str, nil
}

var TranscoderGarlic64 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(garlic64StB, garlic64BtS, garlic64Validate)

// i2p uses an alternate character set for base64 addresses. This returns an appropriate encoder.
var garlicBase64Encoding = base64.NewEncoding("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-~")

func garlic64StB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	// i2p base64 address will be between 516 and 616 characters long, depending on
	// certificate type
	if len(s) < 516 || len(s) > 616 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse garlic addr: %s not an i2p base64 address. len: %d\n", s, len(s))
	}
	garlicHostBytes, err := garlicBase64Encoding.DecodeString(s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode base64 i2p addr: %s %s", s, err)
	}

	return garlicHostBytes, nil
}

func garlic64BtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	if err := garlic64Validate(b); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	addr := garlicBase64Encoding.EncodeToString(b)
	return addr, nil
}

func garlic64Validate(b []byte) error {
	// A garlic64 address will always be greater than 386 bytes long when encoded.
	if len(b) < 386 {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate garlic addr: %s not an i2p base64 address. len: %d\n", b, len(b))
	}
	return nil
}

var TranscoderGarlic32 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(garlic32StB, garlic32BtS, garlic32Validate)

var garlicBase32Encoding = base32.NewEncoding("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz234567")

func garlic32StB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	// an i2p base32 address with a length of greater than 55 characters is
	// using an Encrypted Leaseset v2. all other base32 addresses will always be
	// exactly 52 characters
	if len(s) < 55 && len(s) != 52 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse garlic addr: %s not a i2p base32 address. len: %d", s, len(s))
	}
	for len(s)%8 != 0 {
		s += "="
	}
	garlicHostBytes, err := garlicBase32Encoding.DecodeString(s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode base32 garlic addr: %s, err: %v len: %v", s, err, len(s))
	}
	return garlicHostBytes, nil
}

func garlic32BtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	if err := garlic32Validate(b); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return strings.TrimRight(garlicBase32Encoding.EncodeToString(b), "="), nil
}

func garlic32Validate(b []byte) error {
	// an i2p base64 for an Encrypted Leaseset v2 will be at least 35 bytes
	// long other than that, they will be exactly 32 bytes
	if len(b) < 35 && len(b) != 32 {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate garlic addr: %s not an i2p base32 address. len: %d\n", b, len(b))
	}
	return nil
}

var LengthGarlicBridgeSize = 2
var TranscoderGarlicBridge = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(garlicBridgeStB, garlicBridgeBtS, garlicBridgeValidate)

var errorGarlicBridgeUpstreamNegativeHop = fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge can't have a negative number of hops (your alterator is making this), check upstream.")
var errorGarlicBridgeDownstreamNegativeHop = fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge can't have a negative number of hops (your alterator is making this), check downstream.")

func garlicBridgeStB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	sl := strings.SplitN(s, "|", 7)
	if len(sl) != 6 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge should have 6 params separated by 5 \"|\", not %d.", len(sl))
	}
	v1, err := strconv.Atoi(sl[0])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if v1 < 0 || v1 > 7 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge can't have more than 7 hops, not %d, check upstream.", v1)
	}
	v2, err := strconv.Atoi(sl[1])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if v2 < 0 || v2 > 7 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge can't have more than 7 hops, not %d, check downstream.", v2)
	}
	v3, err := strconv.Atoi(sl[2])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if v3 < 1 || v3 > 6 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge must have 1 up to 6 tunnel, not %d, check upstream.", v3)
	}
	v4, err := strconv.Atoi(sl[3])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if v4 < 1 || v4 > 6 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge must have 1 up to 6 tunnel, not %d, check downstream.", v4)
	}
	v5, err := strconv.Atoi(sl[4])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if v5 < -1 || v5 > 2 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge alterator must be between -1 and 2 (included), not %d, check upstream.", v5)
	}
	if v5 == -1 {
		if v1 == 0 {
			return nil, errorGarlicBridgeUpstreamNegativeHop
		}
		v1 -= 1
		v5 = 2
	}
	v6, err := strconv.Atoi(sl[5])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if v6 < -1 || v6 > 2 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge alterator must be between -1 and 2 (included), not %d, check downstream.", v6)
	}
	if v6 == -1 {
		if v2 == 0 {
			return nil, errorGarlicBridgeDownstreamNegativeHop
		}
		v2 -= 1
		v6 = 2
	}

	return []byte{
		byte((v1 << 5) + (v2 << 2) + (v3 >> 1)),
		byte((v3 << 7) + (v4 << 4) + (v5 << 2) + v6),
	}, nil
}

func garlicExtractor(b []byte) [6]uint8 {
	// Don't transform the uint8 in a uint, this stricity is used to colide with
	// border in conversion.
	u := [2]uint8{uint8(b[0]), uint8(b[1])}
	var r [6]uint8
	r[5] = (u[1] << 6) >> 6
	r[4] = (u[1] << 4) >> 6
	r[3] = (u[1] << 1) >> 5
	r[2] = ((u[0] << 6) >> 5) + (u[1] >> 7)
	r[1] = (u[0] << 3) >> 5
	r[0] = u[0] >> 5

	return r
}

func garlicBridgeBtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	err := garlicBridgeValidate(b)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	var rs string
	for i, e := range garlicExtractor(b) {
		rs += strconv.Itoa(int(e))
		if i != 5 {
			rs += "|"
		}
	}
	return rs, nil
}

func garlicBridgeValidate(b []byte) error {
	if len(b) != 2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge compiled version length must be 2, not %d.", len(b))
	}
	lv := garlicExtractor(b)

	if lv[2] < 1 || lv[2] > 6 {
		return fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge must have 1 up to 6 tunnel, not %d, check upstream.", lv[2])
	}
	if lv[3] < 1 || lv[3] > 6 {
		return fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge must have 1 up to 6 tunnel, not %d, check downstream.", lv[3])
	}
	if lv[4] > 2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge alterator compiled can't be bigger than 2, not %d, check upstream.", lv[4])
	}
	if lv[5] > 2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("A garlic bridge alterator compiled can't be bigger than 2, not %d, check downstream.", lv[5])
	}

	return nil
}

var TranscoderP2P = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(p2pStB, p2pBtS, p2pVal)

func p2pStB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	// the address is a varint prefixed multihash string representation
	m, err := mh.FromB58String(s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse p2p addr: %s %s", s, err)
	}
	return m, nil
}

func p2pVal(b []byte) error {
	_, err := mh.Cast(b)
	return err
}

func p2pBtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	m, err := mh.Cast(b)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return m.B58String(), nil
}

var TranscoderUnix = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(unixStB, unixBtS, nil)

func unixStB(s string) ([]byte, error) {
	return []byte(s), nil
}

func unixBtS(b []byte) (string, error) {
	return string(b), nil
}