* Introduction to Electronics
- Passive Elements
do not need power supply to make characteristics
- Resistor V = i * R, Ohm’s Low Ω
- Capacitor i = C * dV/dt Farads, 10 e-6 F (micro farads - μf) to 1 Farad F
- Inductor V = L * di/dt Henries, 10 e-3 (mH) H
- Series and Parallel Connections
element Series Parallel paralle for 2 short Resistors R = R1 + R2 R = 1/(1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3) R = R1 * R2 / (R1+R2) Inductors L = L1 + L2 L = 1/(1/L1 + 1/L2 + 1/L3) Capacitors C = 1/(1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3) C = C1 + C2 + C3 - Connections and soruces
- Ground - reference for 0 volts
- Node - Voltage level the same everywhere on the node
- Voltage Source - Independent/Dependent
- Current Source - Independent/dependent
- Kirchoff’s Current Low (KCL) A Current entering a node equal to the current leaving the node.
- Kirchoff’s Voltage Low (KVL) the sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero.
- Impedances for steady-state sinusoidal imputs (AC)
- Frequency Hz = 1/T = f
- Frequency radian - rad/sec = 2πT = ω
- Define Impedances from simple elements R, C, L
- Zr = R - In-phase, Frequencey invariant if i have sinusodial voltage along resister then my current will be sinusodial as well, 0 -crossing same time pick - happened in same time
- Zc = 1/jωC - Current leads voltage, where ω-frequency radian per second, j = sqrt(-1) current leads the votlate means come before voltage, shift to left in plot
- ZL = jωL - Current lags voltage, where ω-frequency radian per second, j = sqrt(-1) current come after, delayed
- Impedances in series Z = z1+z2+z3
- Impedances in parallel Z = 1/(1/z1 + 1/z2+1/z3)
- To Characterise Circuit
Transfer function any function as anything that multiplies by input to give me my output.
transfer function to find frequency response curve