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N42 Blockchain Supply Chain Provenance Interface - Technical Documentation

1. Overview

The N42 Blockchain provides a robust, decentralized, and verifiable solution for supply chain provenance through a set of standardized smart contracts and API interfaces. It enables manufacturers, logistics providers, retailers, and end-users to track the origin, transformation, and movement of goods on-chain, ensuring transparency, authenticity, and trust across the entire supply network.

By leveraging decentralized identifiers (DIDs), immutable on-chain records, IoT data integration, and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP), N42 solves key challenges in global supply chains such as counterfeit risk, data manipulation, and lack of interoperability.

This documentation describes the architecture, APIs, smart contract models, security design, and best practices for implementing supply chain solutions on the N42 network.

2. Core Components

The N42 supply chain module is composed of the following key components:

  • Decentralized Identity (DID): Each participant (manufacturer, transporter, warehouse, retailer) is represented by a DID.
  • Asset Tokenization: Products and batches are tokenized as NFTs or SFTs (Semi-Fungible Tokens) for traceability.
  • Event Log Chain: Each supply chain event (production, shipping, receipt, inspection) is stored on-chain in a time-sequenced log.
  • Proof of Authenticity: Verifiable data anchored with Merkle Trees + zk-SNARKs ensures tamper-proof provenance.
  • IoT and Off-chain Oracle Support: Integration with trusted data sources and hardware sensors.
  • Smart Contract Workflows: Automate validation, payments, custody changes, and multi-party approvals.

3. API Endpoints

Endpoint Method Description
/api/v1/supplychain/participant/register POST Register a new supply chain participant with DID
/api/v1/supplychain/product/mint POST Tokenize a product or batch as an NFT/SFT
/api/v1/supplychain/event/log POST Record a supply chain event (e.g., shipping, inspection)
/api/v1/supplychain/event/query GET Query event history by product ID
/api/v1/supplychain/provenance/verify GET Verify the authenticity and origin of a product
/api/v1/supplychain/oracle/submit POST Submit data from IoT device or third-party oracle
/api/v1/supplychain/ownership/transfer POST Transfer ownership of the tokenized asset

4. Example API Calls

4.1 Register Supply Chain Participant

POST /api/v1/supplychain/participant/register
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "name": "Acme Manufacturer",
  "role": "manufacturer",
  "wallet_address": "0xABCDEF123456...",
  "metadata": {
    "location": "Shenzhen, China",
    "certifications": ["ISO9001", "RoHS"]
  },
  "signature": "0xSIGNATURE"
}

Response

{
  "did": "did:n42:0xABCDEF123456...",
  "status": "registered"
}

4.2 Mint Product Token

POST /api/v1/supplychain/product/mint
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "creator": "0xABCDEF123456...",
  "product_name": "Organic Coffee Beans",
  "batch_number": "BATCH-789",
  "metadata_uri": "ipfs://QmXYZ123...",
  "quantity": 1000,
  "token_type": "SFT",
  "signature": "0xSIGNATURE"
}

Response

{
  "token_id": "0xPRODUCT789",
  "status": "minted"
}

4.3 Log Supply Chain Event

POST /api/v1/supplychain/event/log
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "product_id": "0xPRODUCT789",
  "event_type": "shipment",
  "actor": "0xSHIPPER456...",
  "timestamp": 1710582937,
  "location": "Port of Rotterdam",
  "data": {
    "container_id": "CONT123456",
    "temperature": "18°C"
  },
  "signature": "0xSIGNATURE"
}

Response

{
  "event_id": "0xEVENT654321",
  "status": "logged"
}

4.4 Query Provenance

GET /api/v1/supplychain/provenance/verify?product_id=0xPRODUCT789

Response

{
  "product_id": "0xPRODUCT789",
  "origin": "Acme Manufacturer",
  "manufacture_date": "2025-03-20",
  "batch_number": "BATCH-789",
  "event_log": [
    {"type": "manufactured", "timestamp": 1710582000, "actor": "0xABCDEF123456"},
    {"type": "shipped", "timestamp": 1710582900, "actor": "0xSHIPPER456..."},
    {"type": "received", "timestamp": 1710583200, "actor": "0xRETAILER789..."}
  ],
  "zk_proof": "0xZKPROOFHASH...",
  "merkle_root": "0xROOTHASH"
}

5. Smart Contract Model

Core Contracts

  • SupplyChainRegistry: Registers participants, DIDs, roles, and permissions.
  • ProductToken: ERC-721 / ERC-1155 compatible contract representing assets.
  • EventLogger: Logs supply chain events on-chain with metadata and proof anchors.
  • OwnershipManager: Handles custody and transfer of tokens across participants.

6. Security Design

  • Data Authenticity: All data entries require digital signatures from verified participants.
  • Tamper-Proof Logs: Events are anchored via Merkle Trees; zk-SNARKs optionally validate process compliance.
  • Access Control: Only authorized actors can append to a product's event log.
  • Oracle Integrity: Oracle feeds (e.g., temperature, location) validated via multisig or TEE.

7. Integration with IoT and Oracles

N42 enables integration with external IoT and tracking systems:

  • Support for MQTT/WebSocket for real-time tracking
  • GPS location, environmental data (temperature, humidity) pushed via /oracle/submit
  • Trusted oracles sign data packets and provide Merkle paths for on-chain proof

8. Best Practices

  • Use IPFS/Arweave to store large metadata (e.g., inspection certificates, images)
  • Batch log events during transportation to reduce on-chain costs
  • Tokenize packaging units (e.g., pallets, containers) for nested asset tracking
  • Integrate zk-rollups for high-frequency supply chain logs (e.g., per-minute sensor data)

9. Future Enhancements

  • AI-powered anomaly detection for fraudulent activity in event logs
  • Cross-chain provenance with N42 bridges to EVM, Cosmos, and Substrate networks
  • Verifiable carbon footprint tracking for sustainable supply chains
  • DID-based zero-trust access to supply chain data APIs
  1. Conclusion N42 provides a scalable, secure, and interoperable blockchain solution for supply chain provenance. Through a combination of decentralized identities, tamper-proof event logging, tokenized assets, and verifiable data mechanisms, businesses can build transparent and trusted supply chains suitable for modern global commerce.