HP breaking on subsequent visits

[Homepage](https://www.nayuki.io/page/qr-code-generator-library) somehow doesn't show QR Code and Statistics except first time visit
This happens on both my Windows and Android, with Edge and Chrome
Deleting cookies didn't help

<img width="1617" height="984" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/89f4d4b5-8bb5-4f06-a481-f2914744c57f" />