fix: address ReDoS vulnerability in headers (#700)

Co-authored-by: Cursor Agent <[email protected]>

Author: kitsonk

request.test.ts

@@ -288,3 +288,82 @@ Deno.test({
     );
   },
 });
+
+Deno.test({
+  name: "request.x-forwarded-for - splits, trims, and orders correctly",
+  fn() {
+    const request = new Request(
+      createMockNativeRequest("https://example.com/index.html", {
+        headers: {
+          "x-forwarded-host": "example.com",
+          "x-forwarded-proto": "http",
+          "x-forwarded-for": " 10.10.10.10 ,   192.168.1.1 ,   [::1]  ",
+        },
+      }),
+      { proxy: true, secure: true },
+    );
+    assertEquals(request.ips, ["10.10.10.10", "192.168.1.1", "[::1]"]);
+    assertEquals(request.ip, "10.10.10.10");
+  },
+});
+
+Deno.test({
+  name: "request.x-forwarded-for - caps entries and is performant",
+  fn() {
+    const manyIps = Array.from({ length: 1000 }, (_, i) => `10.0.0.${i}`).join(
+      ", ",
+    );
+    const request = new Request(
+      createMockNativeRequest("https://example.com/index.html", {
+        headers: {
+          "x-forwarded-host": "example.com",
+          "x-forwarded-proto": "http",
+          // also prepend some whitespace noise to mimic worst-case patterns
+          "x-forwarded-for": `  \t  ${manyIps}  \t  `,
+        },
+      }),
+      { proxy: true, secure: true },
+    );
+    performance.mark("start-xff");
+    const ips = request.ips;
+    const measure = performance.measure("xff", { start: "start-xff" });
+    // Hard upper bound; the operation should be very fast
+    assert(measure.duration < 20);
+    // Ensure we cap the number of parsed IPs (implementation caps at 100)
+    assertEquals(ips.length, 100);
+    assertEquals(ips[0], "10.0.0.0");
+  },
+});
+
+Deno.test({
+  name: "request.x-forwarded-proto - normalizes and allowlists http/https",
+  fn() {
+    const request = new Request(
+      createMockNativeRequest("http://example.com/index.html", {
+        headers: {
+          "x-forwarded-host": "example.com",
+          "x-forwarded-proto": "  HTTPS  , http ",
+        },
+      }),
+      { proxy: true },
+    );
+    assertEquals(request.url.protocol, "https:");
+  },
+});
+
+Deno.test({
+  name: "request.x-forwarded-proto - invalid values fall back to http",
+  fn() {
+    const request = new Request(
+      createMockNativeRequest("http://example.com/index.html", {
+        headers: {
+          "x-forwarded-host": "example.com",
+          // first token invalid, second valid, we only honor the first
+          "x-forwarded-proto": "javascript, https",
+        },
+      }),
+      { proxy: true },
+    );
+    assertEquals(request.url.protocol, "http:");
+  },
+});

request.ts

@@ -83,8 +83,15 @@ export class Request {
    * `X-Forwarded-For`.  When `false` an empty array is returned. */
   get ips(): string[] {
     return this.#proxy
-      ? (this.#serverRequest.headers.get("x-forwarded-for") ??
-        this.#getRemoteAddr()).split(/\s*,\s*/)
+      ? (() => {
+        const raw = this.#serverRequest.headers.get("x-forwarded-for") ??
+          this.#getRemoteAddr();
+        const bounded = raw.length > 4096 ? raw.slice(0, 4096) : raw;
+        return bounded
+          .split(",", 100)
+          .map((part) => part.trim())
+          .filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+      })()
       : [];
   }
 
@@ -138,9 +145,16 @@ export class Request {
         let proto: string;
         let host: string;
         if (this.#proxy) {
-          proto = serverRequest
-            .headers.get("x-forwarded-proto")?.split(/\s*,\s*/, 1)[0] ??
-            "http";
+          const xForwardedProto = serverRequest.headers.get(
+            "x-forwarded-proto",
+          );
+          let maybeProto = xForwardedProto
+            ? xForwardedProto.split(",", 1)[0].trim().toLowerCase()
+            : undefined;
+          if (maybeProto !== "http" && maybeProto !== "https") {
+            maybeProto = undefined;
+          }
+          proto = maybeProto ?? "http";
           host = serverRequest.headers.get("x-forwarded-host") ??
             this.#url?.hostname ??
             serverRequest.headers.get("host") ??