I could not replicate it, but this bug was reported:
This error happens only in the app. If you have a user without any group and you have the option 'Allow students to see the results' enabled, when the user submits a vote, there is an error saying: Coding error detected, it must be fixed by a programmer: moodle_database::get_in_or_equal() does not accept empty arrays
The error might come from trying to show the results from a group that doesn't exist.
If the user is in a group or if the options 'Allow students to see the results' is disabled, there is no error.