Automated deployment

Author: github-actions[bot]

Arxiv_Daily_Notice/2026-05-11-Arxiv-Daily-Paper.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Showing new listings for Monday, 11 May 2026
+Auto update Star Formation & Molecular Cloud papers at about 2:30am UTC (10:30am Beijing time) every weekday.
+
+
+阅读 `Usage.md`了解如何使用此repo实现个性化的Arxiv论文推送
+
+See `Usage.md` for instructions on how to personalize the repo. 
+
+
+Keyword list: ['star formation', 'star-forming', 'molecular cloud', 'interstellar medium', 'cloud', 'clump', 'core', 'filament', 'atomic gas', 'N-PDF']
+
+
+Excluded: ['galaxies', 'galaxy cluster', ' AGN ', 'standard candle', 'X-ray binar', 'solar corona']
+
+
+### Today: 8papers 
+#### Complex organic molecules and cosmic ray ionisation rate towards the massive protostar Cepheus A HW2
+ - **Authors:** Emma W. Nielsen, Anna Punanova, Eva Wirström, Brandt Gaches, A. O. Henrik Olofsson, Paola Caselli, Prasanta Gorai, Jonathan C. Tan
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06767
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.06767
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ Cosmic rays (CRs) are important drivers for molecular chemistry in star-forming regions, and laboratory experiments have shown that CRs can stimulate the release of complex organic molecules (COMs) such as methanol. Observationally, this has primarily been tested in cold, low-mass cores, so studying how CRs affect COM formation in a high-mass star-forming environment is of great interest. We performed a high-sensitivity wide-band spectral line survey with the Onsala 20 m telescope towards the high-mass protostar Cepheus A HW2, which is known to host an ionised jet. Consistent with previous studies, two primary velocity components ($-11$ km s$^{-1}$ and $-5$ km s$^{-1}$) were identified. Column densities and relative abundances of the detected ions and COMs were estimated from rotational diagrams, single transitions and RADEX grid searches (CH$_3$OH: $1.6\times10^{-9}$, CH$_3$CN: $5.9\times10^{-11}$, t-HCOOH: $7.9\times10^{-11}$, H$_2$CCO: $1.7\times10^{-11}$, CH$_3$CHO: $1.9\times10^{-11}$, CH$_3$OCHO: $7.6\times10^{-10}$ at $-11$ km s$^{-1}$). Deuterium fractions were also estimated (in range $0.002-0.3$ at $-11$ km s$^{-1}$), and the volume density of molecular hydrogen ($2.6\times10^5$ cm$^{-3}$ at $-11$ km s$^{-1}$) was constrained from the RADEX grid searches. Electron fractions and CR ionisation rates (CRIR, $6.8\times10^{-17}$ s$^{-1}$ at $-11$ km s$^{-1}$, $\leq9.2\times10^{-19}$ s$^{-1}$ at $-5$ km s$^{-1}$) were estimated through analytic chemistry using different ions as probes. The gas-grain chemical code Nautilus reproduced the observed abundances of CH$_3$OH, CH$_3$CN, HCO$^+$, N$_2$H$^+$ at the observed density, temperature and CRIR within the uncertainty of the model. The results indicate that the CR ionisation rate of the kinematic component associated with most of the COMs' emission in the region is locally enhanced.
+#### The impact of envelope binding energies on the merger rate density of binary compact objects
+ - **Authors:** Cecilia Sgalletta, Guglielmo Costa, Giuliano Iorio, Kendall Shepherd, Francesco Addari, Alessandro A. Trani, Michela Mapelli, Ugo N. di Carlo, Andrea Lapi, Alessandro Bressan, Mario Spera
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06807
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.06807
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ The common envelope (CE) phase plays a key role in the formation of binary compact object systems. Its final outcome strongly depends on the envelope binding energy, but this quantity is often estimated using fitting formulas that are not fully consistent with the underlying stellar evolution models adopted in population-synthesis codes. Here, we investigate envelope binding energies across the most extensive stellar grid considered to date. Our stellar tracks, evolved with PARSEC v2.0, include hydrogen (H) -rich stars with metallicities ranging from $Z = 10^{-11}$ (Population III stars) to $Z = 0.03$, and initial masses between 2 and 2000 M$_\odot$, as well as pure-helium stars with masses from 0.36 to 350 M$_\odot$. We examine the sensitivity of the envelope binding energies to the selected core-envelope boundary definition and to different internal energy source contributions. For H-rich stars, we find that internal energy sources can alter the envelope binding energy by more than an order of magnitude, whereas the core boundary criteria play a secondary role. In contrast, for pure helium stars, the core-boundary criterion becomes the dominant factor. The envelope binding energies derived from different stellar tracks can show deviations of several orders of magnitude, with larger differences for more massive stars and higher this http URL, by implementing our new envelope binding energy prescriptions into the binary population synthesis code SEVN, we show that the predicted merger rate densities of compact binaries can differ by more than an order of magnitude compared to previous models. Our results highlight the importance of using envelope binding energies that are consistent with the underlying stellar evolution models and caution against extrapolating empirical fits beyond the considered parameter space.
+#### On the origin of the rotation of massive stars
+ - **Authors:** André Oliva, Facundo D. Moyano, Luca Sciarini, Sylvia Ekström, Patrick Eggenberger, Georges Meynet
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06872
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.06872
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ We explore the origin of the rotation rates of massive stars. Contrary to their low-mass siblings, most massive stars do not have detectable magnetic fields, so that star-disk interaction models used for the formation of rotating low-mass stars do not apply. We investigate whether the magnetic fields of protostellar jets present in the parent molecular cloud prevent the protostar from reaching the critical angular velocity. Starting from the gravitational collapse of a molecular cloud, we run two two-dimensional radiation-gravito-magnetohydroynamical simulations to study the formation of an accretion disk and the launching of magnetically-driven protostellar outflows (of particular interest is the formation of a magnetocentrifugal jet originating from the protostar and inner disk). We then study the angular momentum transfer from the disk and jet onto the protostar. Finally, we compute one-dimensional stellar evolution models of the pre-main sequence including our results from the disk-jet simulations and follow the angular momentum redistribution within the structure of the protostar. We find that the angular momentum transported outwards by the magnetically-driven protostellar outflows is sufficient for keeping the protostar below the critical speed at all times. Moreover, we are able to link the strength of the jet, and thus the rotation rate at the end of the accretion epoch, to the initial conditions for star formation. Our results show that the jet strength produces a variety of stellar rotation rates, suggesting that protostellar jets fix the rotation rate of massive stars.
+#### Nuclear Constraints on $^{12}$C$(α,γ)^{16}$O and Their Impact on Black-Hole Mass Predictions
+ - **Authors:** Akram Mukhamedzhanov
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07027
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.07027
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ Gravitational-wave observations have renewed interest in the black-hole mass gap and in the maximum mass of first-generation black holes below its lower edge. The \(^{12}{\rm C}(\alpha,\gamma)^{16}{\rm O}\) reaction plays a central role in this problem because it determines the carbon-to-oxygen ratio after core-helium burning and thereby affects the later evolution of massive stars toward pulsational pair instability and pair-instability supernovae. Recent attempts to constrain \(S(300~{\rm keV})\) from gravitational-wave population inferences face important limitations, because the lower edge of the black-hole mass gap is not directly measured. It is inferred model dependently from assumptions about stellar evolution, metallicity, mass loss, rotation, binary evolution, hierarchical mergers, selection effects, priors, and the adopted population model. Therefore, values of \(S(300~{\rm keV})\) inferred from black-hole populations must remain consistent with independent nuclear-physics constraints. In this work we reanalyze the low-energy \(^{12}{\rm C}(\alpha,\gamma)^{16}{\rm O}\) \(S\) factor using updated information on the subthreshold \(1^{-}\) and \(2^{+}\) ANCs and on the ground-state ANC of \(^{16}{\rm O}\), together with direct capture data. These constraints favor a lower \(S(300~{\rm keV})\) than the older central evaluation and disfavor very large values required by some black-hole-population interpretations. Using the resulting ANC-constrained \(S(300~{\rm keV})\) range and the transformed relation between this quantity and the lower edge of the pair-instability mass gap, we estimate \[ \frac{M_{\rm BH}}{M_\odot}\simeq 61\text{--}75 . \] Thus, the present nuclear-physics constraints favor a relatively high lower edge of the first-generation black-hole mass gap.
+#### First Interstellar Detection of Methyl Carbamate: A New Observational Anchor for Glycine Chemistry
+ - **Authors:** Chunguo Duan, Fengwei Xu, Jun Kang, Qian Gou, Xuefang Xu, Laurent Pagani, Jiaxin Du, Xi Chen
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07159
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.07159
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ Glycine-the simplest amino acid-has remained undetected in the interstellar medium despite decades of sensitive searches, motivating alternative approaches to constrain its astrochemical origin. A promising strategy is to investigate the broader $\rm C_{2}H_{5}O_{2}N$ isomer family and identify detectable members that can serve as observational anchors for glycine-related chemistry. Herein, we report the first robust interstellar detection of methyl carbamate toward the hot molecular core G358.93-0.03 MM1 using ALMA 1 mm observations. Ten unblended rotational transitions are identified, yielding a column density of (4.21$\pm0.84)\times10^{15} \rm cm^{-2}$ and an excitation temperature of $204\pm10$ K. We also searched for other $\rm C_{2}H_{5}O_{2}N$ isomers with available rotational spectroscopic data, including glycine, but none were detected, allowing us to derive upper limits on their column densities. The resulting abundance pattern deviates significantly from the Minimum Energy Principle predictions, highlighting that the $\rm C_{2}H_{5}O_{2}N$ family is shaped primarily by kinetic chemical process rather than thermodynamic equilibrium. The observed methyl carbamate abundance is consistent with a grain-surface formation scenario involving radical-radical recombination ($\rm CH_{3}$O + $\rm NH_{2}$CO), further supported by its correlated abundances with its proposed precursors, methanol and formamide, across diverse astrophysical environments. This detection establishes methyl carbamate as a new observational anchor for glycine chemistry, providing critical constraints on the formation pathways of amino-acid-related molecules in star-forming regions.
+#### Systematic Comparison between Constrained Transport and Mixed Divergence Cleaning Methods for Astrophysical Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
+ - **Authors:** Kengo Tomida, Kenji Eric Sadanari, Shinsuke Takasao, Kazunari Iwasaki
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07928
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.07928
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are indispensable research infrastructure in astrophysics today. In order to satisfy the solenoidal constraint of the MHD equations on discretized grids, modern simulation codes often employ either constrained transport (CT) with a staggered grid or divergence cleaning using an additional variable. We compare CT and Dedner's mixed divergence cleaning schemes systematically, and find that the divergence cleaning scheme can produce substantial artifacts in certain situations. Through numerical experiments including both idealized tests and practical applications, we show that the original implementation of Dedner's scheme becomes inaccurate when magnetic fields are strongly localized or when the timestep suddenly changes. We find that some previous results, such as the extremely rapid growth of magnetic fields during star formation in the early Universe, may be affected by the spurious behavior of the divergence cleaning scheme. We propose a few modifications to improve the robustness of the divergence cleaning method. Nevertheless, we find that the CT scheme is more accurate and reliable in many situations.
+#### Space as a spectroscopic laboratory: High-resolution spectroscopy of the [$^{13}$C II] hyperfine structure with SOFIA/upGREAT
+ - **Authors:** S. Kabanovic, V. Ossenkopf-Okada, S. Schlemmer, J. Stutzki, N. Schneider, U. U. Graf, O. Asvany, D. A. Riechers, C. Guevara, R. Higgins, R. Simon, Y. Okada, M. Mertens, L. Schneider, R. Güsten, A. G. G. M. Tielens
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07995
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.07995
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ The [$^{12}$C II] emission at 158 $\mu$m is a key cooling line of the interstellar medium and traces gas kinematics in spectrally resolved observations. Its spectral profile is often modified by optical depth effects. The intrinsic line shape can be reconstructed by comparison with emission from the less abundant $^{13}$C isotope. Due to the additional neutron spin, [$^{13}$C II] emission splits into three hyperfine structure (hfs) transitions. Laboratory measurements have provided the centroid frequency and the strongest component ($F=2-1$); the two weaker components ($F=1-0$ and $F=1-1$) have been inferred only from quantum-mechanical calculations. The magnetic-dipole hfs constants, from which the transition frequencies follow, have not been measured experimentally. The high spectral resolution of observations with the upgraded German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies (upGREAT) on board SOFIA enabled simultaneous detection of all three hfs transitions. From these astronomical data we determine, for the first time, the magnetic-dipole hfs constants $A_{1/2}^{\rm hf} = 810.71(11)$ MHz and $A_{3/2}^{\rm hf} = 162.18(5)$ MHz of the [$^{13}$C II] $2s^2\,2p\,{}^2P^\circ$ ground term. Combined with the laboratory centroid frequency, this yields the rest frequencies of all three hfs lines. Using [$^{12}$C II] as a reference, we also improve the precision of the [$^{13}$C II] centroid frequency. This work shows that spectrally resolved astronomical observations can constrain fundamental atomic properties, with hfs precision rivaling laboratory measurements. The approach extends to other atomic and molecular transitions where laboratory data are difficult to obtain.
+#### Magnetar field dynamics driven by chiral anomalies without magnetic helicity
+ - **Authors:** Clara Dehman
+ - **Subjects:** Subjects:
+High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
+ - **Arxiv link:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.08068
+
+ - **Pdf link:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.08068
+
+ - **Abstract**
+ The chiral magnetic effect (CME), arising from the chiral anomaly and enabling a mutual conversion between magnetic topology and fermionic chirality, is a key mechanism in magnetar field evolution. Previous work by Dehman & Pons (2025) demonstrated that the CME can efficiently generate dipolar fields ($B_{\rm dip} \gtrsim 10^{14}~\mathrm{G}$), consistent with magnetar timing measurements, provided that the initial magnetic field carries net helicity. However, whether neutron stars are born with magnetic helicity remains uncertain. In this work, we investigate the CME across a range of initial helicity configurations, including non-helical initial conditions. We find that the CME efficiently generates magnetar-strength dipoles on timescales of decades, independently of the initial helicity content. The instability is driven by localized helical structures that induce a residual chiral asymmetry and is primarily governed by the maximum chiral chemical potential, requiring $\mu_5^{\rm max} \gtrsim \mathrm{few}\times10^{-11}~\mathrm{MeV}$ for onset in the magnetar regime. Our results further show that these dipoles may either remain stable and subsequently evolve through standard Ohmic decay, or become unstable if they acquire sufficient helicity, in which case they decay through the chiral anomaly, transferring energy to less helical modes. This outcome depends sensitively on the initial helicity distribution. These findings extend the applicability of the CME to more realistic magnetic-field configurations and underscore the importance of the helicity distribution at birth, a quantity that remains poorly constrained in neutron star formation, yet is crucial for determining neutron star magnetic evolution and magnetar formation.
+
+
+by olozhika (Xing Yuchen). 
+
+
+2026-05-11